"Wu Huawen's uprising will have a chain reaction!"
This is a sentence said by Chairman Mao in film and television works, and we don't know much about what Chairman Mao made about the Wu Huawen uprising in real history.
But it is entirely possible to believe what this saying says, and the Wu Huawen uprising will bring about changes.
Who is Wu Huawen? Why is it that his uprising is equivalent to doing three good deeds?
Why did Wu Huawen, who had always taken an erratic stance, be trusted by Chairman Mao?
Chairman Mao
Today's Brief History Archive will tell you about the story of Wu Huawen's uprising.
Identities are changeable, and there are five changes of ownership
In fact, when it comes to Wu Huawen as a person, it is still very controversial.
Because this person's position is really erratic, it is ugly to say
"The grass on the wall falls with the wind".
According to incomplete statistics, Wu Huawen changed the "master" 5 times before and after.
The first owner was Feng Yuxiang.
Wu Huawen was born in Shandong, and at the age of 16, he joined the army and defected to Feng Yuxiang, because Wu Huawen was clever and well-behaved, so he was deeply loved by Feng Yuxiang.
Soon, Wu Huawen rose all the way from a small soldier to the chief of staff of the division, but because of Feng Yuxiang's various reasons, Wu Huawen betrayed Feng Yuxiang when he was about 26 years old.
Feng Yuxiang
The second owner is Han Fuqu.
After turning his back on Feng Yuxiang, Wu Huawen turned around and threw himself into the hands of Han Fuqu's subordinates in Shandong, and later achieved the position of commander of the pistol brigade, which was also a temporary scenery.
However, Han Fuqu was a nest, and in the process of confrontation with the Japanese army, as soon as he saw that Jinan was not safe, Han Fuqu immediately withdrew hundreds of miles with his troops.
The disturbance operation of Han Fuqu directly lost the position of Yellow River Tianjian, causing a passive situation in Xuzhou.
Li Zongren and Chiang Kai-shek were really angry and asked Han Fuqu why he had yielded without fighting.
Unexpectedly, Han Fuqu actually answered:
"All-out war of resistance, how to divide each other, Nanjing has been lost, He Shou Tai'an."
What a thing that is not afraid of death!
Chiang Kai-shek was angry and directly ordered That Han Fuqu be escorted to Wuhan and sent him back to the west.
Han Fuqu
The third master was Chiang Kai-shek.
As soon as Han Fuqu died, Wu Huawen lost his support and could only choose to defect to Chiang Kai-shek, and his pistol brigade was reorganized by Chiang Kai-shek into the Independent 28th Brigade of the CSKA.
However, following Chiang Kai-shek can be regarded as fulfilling Wu Huawen's good name and becoming a famous anti-Japanese general, of course, this is also related to Wu Huawen's courage to fight and kill.
At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wu Huawen led his army to fight the Japanese army in Tai'an, Laiwu and other places.
In 1938, the Japanese army attacked in three ways, and Wu Huawen led his troops to fight with the Japanese army for a day and a night, and finally defended the territory.
Although the casualties were not small, Wu Huawen won a great victory in the bloody battle of Jiang Yu and dealt a fierce blow to the arrogance of the Japanese army. The move was also praised by Chiang Kai-shek and the Eighth Route Army.
Chiang Kai-shek
The fourth owner was Japanese.
I will not elaborate here, but I will explain it in detail later.
However, Wu Huawen did surrender to the Japanese and became a "traitor", saying that he was helpless and that he was right to say that he had his own selfish intentions.
In general, Wu Huawen's defection to Japan was inseparable from Dai Kasa.
The fifth master was the Communist Party.
Wu Huawen's last master was the Communist Party.
In the Battle of Jinan, Wu Huawen's uprising was to cut off Wang Yaowu's last hope of resistance.
Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Yaowu
Later, after Wu Huawen surrendered to the Communist Party, he also participated in the famous Battle of Crossing the River.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wu Huawen also served as a member of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Committee, vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and director of the Department of Communications.
Wu Huawen was swung twice by Mou Zhongheng
Speaking of how Wu Huawen turned to the Japanese? Mu Zhongheng is a fuse, more or less touching the edges.
In 1941, Wu Huawen was promoted to commander of the newly organized Fourth Division and commander of the Provisional First Division, nominally belonging to the Kuomintang Central Army.
At that time, Mou Zhongheng was the chairman of the Shandong Provincial Government, and he also promised to supplement Wu Huawen with grain and equipment, but in the blink of an eye, he repented and no longer supported Wu Huawen.
Wu Huawen was anxious and went to ask for the support of the Kuomintang Central Committee, but the Central Committee also did not give a dime, and bluntly said that Wu Huawen was under the management of the Shandong government, and it was only right to ask them for money.
Wu Huawen
Wu Huawen was helpless, and then the 40,000 officers and soldiers under his command immediately fell into a desperate situation.
In the unfortunate overnight rain, 50,000 troops mobilized in northern Japan were attacking the Yimeng Mountains, preparing to launch another "great sweep".
Yu Xuezhong and Mou Zhongheng and others immediately led the army to fight, while Wu Huawen was ordered to insist on fighting on the inside.
However, Wu Huawen's troops have not replenished equipment for a long time, and the arsenal has long been shut down due to the interruption of supplies, and it is more difficult to fight with the Japanese.
In desperation, Wu Huawen could only grit his teeth and go to Mu Zhongheng to once again increase supplies for the troops.
However, Mu Zhongheng was unwilling to give this money, and finally only approved one
"Five hundred rounds of rifle bullets from the New Fourth Division"
。
40,000 people, 500 rounds of ammunition?
Mou Zhongheng
Wu Huawen trembled with anger and questioned Mou Zhongheng loudly, but Mu Zhongheng said indifferently:
"There's a shortage of ammunition and food, right?" Why do you raise so many soldiers? Layoffs! ”
Shortly thereafter, Yu Xuezhong and Mou Zhongheng's troops were surrounded by Japanese troops, but Wu Huawen still led his troops to reinforcements regardless of his previous suspicions, and fought fiercely with the Japanese army for a day before yu Xuezhong and Mou Zhongheng were rescued.
Mou Zhongheng was also very impressed, and in return, Mou Zhongheng told Wu Huawen about a storage point secretly placed ammunition in the Shandong provincial government.
Wu Huawen thought that he could replenish the troops, and happily went to the secret ammunition depot, which was already looted by the Japanese and emptied.
Wu Huawen's troops had suffered heavy casualties, and after more than 20 days of fierce fighting with the Japanese, Wu Huawen called Mu Zhongheng to ask for a breakthrough.
Wu Huawen family portrait
However, Mou Zhongheng had always ordered Wu Huawen to defend on the spot, not to allow a breakthrough, and said that reinforcements were about to be reinforced.
Wu Huawen waited so far and right, and as a result, he could not wait for reinforcements, but because the breakthrough was too late, Wu Huawen was surrounded by the Japanese army.
Wu Huawen was on fire, and he did not hope for Mu Zhongheng's reinforcements, and led his troops to break out at the cost of more than 5,000 casualties.
It is also because of these two things that Wu Huawen is completely dead to Mou Zhongheng and even the Shandong Provincial Government, and no matter what orders are issued in the future, Wu Huawen has always refused to implement them!
From the overall situation, perhaps the Mou Zhongheng incident this time is also a fuse that led to Wu Huawen's disappointment in the Kuomintang!
Triple pressure caused Wu Huawen to finally become a "traitor"
Wu Huawen, who was quite disappointed in Mu Zhongheng, stayed in Shandong like this, and was not moved by how he knocked.
A few months later, Wu Huawen suddenly received a call from Dai Kasa, asking him to go to Chongqing for a meeting.
Li
Wu Huawen also felt strange, but still came to Chongqing, and Dai Kasa personally set up a banquet to greet him, which made Wu Huawen flattered.
Sure enough, there is no free lunch in the world!
Dai Kasa first complimented Wu Huawen for half a day, saying that he had made meritorious contributions to the War of Resistance, and also wrote a huge check to Wu Huawen on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek.
Then Dai Kasa said:
"The chairman of the CPPCC National Committee is even satisfied with you; at present, there are two ways to save the country, one is to resist the war head-on, and the other is to save the country in a curved line; at present, the biggest enemy is actually the Communist Party, and if you can do it under the banner of Wang Zhaoming, you will not only destroy the Communist Party, but also help the image of uniting in the War of Resistance."
Wu Huawen was not stupid, Dai Kasa went around, to put it bluntly, let him attack the Communist Party under the banner of Wang Jingwei, which was to let himself be a traitor!
Wang Jingwei
Looking at Wu Huawen's hesitation, Dai Kasa added oil and vinegar to incite a gust of wind.
Wu Huawen was really unwilling to take this road in his heart, but he did not dare to refuse in person, he understood that he refused at this time, and Dai Kasa's windward feast was his own return to the West.
So Wu Huawen said:
"I am so serious about it, but this matter is of great importance, so let me go back and discuss it with my subordinates in order to be perfect."
Dai Kasa was not stupid, and when he saw it, he knew that Wu Huawen had no intention of making their knife, so he immediately ordered Wu Huawen to be placed under house arrest and gave Wu Huawen a few presses
"Colluding with the Traitorous Party", "Not Doing Anything To Resist Japan"
of crimes.
Later, Dai Kasa said to Wu Huawen in prison that Enwei and Shi also brainwashed Wu Huawen, and if the country is restored, Wu Huawen must be the number one hero.
Chiang Kai-shek and Dai Kasa
In order to save his life, Wu Huawen had to pretend to agree to Dai Kasa's request, and finally fled back to the Yimeng Mountains.
Zhang Yuncheng, an underground COMMUNIST Party member who had accompanied Wu Huawen to Chongqing, saw at a glance Dai's conspiracy and trickery, so Zhang Yuncheng said to Wu Huawen:
"You must not believe dai kasa's words, if you wear the hat of a traitor, they will have an excuse to eliminate us in the future, and they must not be deceived."
In fact, where did Wu Huawen not know?
However, Wu Huawen was also difficult to say, and his son was captured by Dai Kasa and sent to the Whampoa Military Academy, named for further study, in fact, he took his son as a hostage to blackmail him.
Wu Huawen is really difficult!
The first on the right is Wu Huawen
In 1942, when Wu Huawen was in a dilemma, he suddenly began to associate with the Japanese, and now it seems that it may also be a way to avoid Dai Kasa.
The reason why Wu Huawen interacted with the Japanese was actually very simple, Wu Huawen wanted to use the Japanese to solve the problem of food.
In 1942, there was the Great Famine in Henan, a tragic year that caused famine to be swept across the country.
One of Wu Huawen's attendants was only 15 years old, but he starved to death in front of Wu Huawen's eyes, and his thin body was curled up on the bed, not even the size of a firewood.
It was also for these reasons that Wu Huawen decided to secretly communicate with the Japanese in an attempt to rely on the Japanese to solve the food problem.
Zhang Yuncheng, an underground member of the CPC and also the deputy commander of the division, saw that Wu Huawen had the intention of defecting to the enemy, and immediately came forward to persuade Wu Huawen to go to the Eighth Route Army to borrow grain.
But Wu Huawen shook his head and said:
"I have already sent people to make contact, this road is not passable, the actual situation of the Eighth Route Army is even more difficult than ours, how can we solve the problem?"
Zhang Yuncheng, as an underground party member of our party, has been lurking around Wu Huawen, and during this period he also reported the real situation of WuHua's ministry to the leaders of the Eighth Route Army, hoping to solve the grain problem of Wuhua's ministry and prevent Wu Huawen from defecting to the enemy.
However, the Eighth Route Army Mud Bodhisattva was unable to protect himself when he crossed the river, and indeed he was powerless, and the difficulties in the base area were really great, and there was really no way to help Wu Huawen.
Gradually, wu huawen and Ri Kou's exchanges became more and more frequent.
Zhang Yuncheng saw this and scolded Wu Huawen:
"But any Chinese with a conscience would rather starve to death than be a traitor!"
Wu Huawen's defense is only an expedient measure, a strategy for seeking perfection, and has absolutely no intention of being a traitor.
Nowadays, it seems that Wu Huawen's act of being a traitor is indeed a real existence, and the reason seems to be understandable, but it is not the original intention but it is not without error, and Wu Huawen still destroyed his reputation after all.
Wu Huawen, sitting on 40,000 troops, has always been a major problem for the Japanese army in Shandong.
Over the years, the Japanese have besieged Wu Huawen several times without success, and the Japanese have also tried to use both soft and hard, exerting military pressure on the one hand and secretly pulling together on the other.
Now that Wu Huawen himself has the intention of surrendering, the Japanese side is not small, in order to crush Wu Huawen's last bit of defense, the Japanese directly abducted Wu Huawen's parents.
His parents were captured, dai was forced to fight, and famine was afloat.
Various reasons finally crushed Wu Huawen, who was also a famous anti-Japanese general, so under heavy thinking, Wu Huawen finally made this shameful decision that made him regret his life.
In 1943, Wu Huawen declared treason and surrendered to the enemy in Jinan, completely becoming a national sinner.
Almost created a second "Xi'an Incident"
Wu Huawen's time within the Japanese army was not too long, and after the Japanese surrender, Wu Huawen was not executed, but returned to Chiang Kai-shek's subordinates.
After the surrender of the Japanese army, Chiang Kai-shek reorganized Wu Huawen's troops into the Fifth Route Army, and Wu Huawen was made commander and commander of the southern section of the Jinpu Railway.
In 1945, Wu Huawen marched into Yanzhou and Tai'an on Chiang Kai-shek's orders.
The second from the left is Yu Huai'an
However, when passing through the Jiehe River, it was ambushed by our army, and the Sixth Army of Wuhua's Ministry of Culture was completely annihilated, and the commander of the army, Yu Huai'an, was also captured.
After Yu Huai'an and the others were captured, our army did not embarrass them, but after education, paid for the journey home.
Yu Hua'an was greatly moved, and immediately expressed his willingness to go back to persuade Wu Huawen to surrender, and it can be said that later Wu Huawen chose to revolt, which was inseparable from the ideological work of Yu Huai'an and others.
In 1946, Wu Huawen was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to Yanzhou to garrison.
Chiang Kai-shek had a lot of intentions, and this move was to put Wu Huawen in Yanzhou, which was surrounded by liberated areas, and then watch Wu Huawen fight with the People's Liberation Army, so that he could reap the benefits of the fisherman.
The second from the left is Chiang Kai-shek
Wu Huawen had been immersed in it for so many years, and it was not a straw bag, and seeing Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy, Wu Huawen could not help but feel sad from his heart.
After so many years of fighting with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army with the troops, it can be regarded as quite hard work, but it has not been reused by Chiang Kai-shek, and now it must be used as a gun.
Coupled with listening to Yu Huai'an's words, Wu Huawen began to gradually understand that following Chiang Kai-shek would definitely not have a good end, so from this year on, Wu Huawen had the idea of uprising.
Subsequently, Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, and others came to Yanzhou to inspect, and Wu Huawen looked at Chiang Kai-shek's figure and flashed in his heart the idea of arresting Chiang Kai-shek, but because of hesitation, he finally did not act.
This incident also became a thing that Wu Huawen regretted very much.
Temporary
Later, when Wu Huawen recalled this incident, he said bluntly:
I regretted that I did not kidnap Chiang Kai-shek, and if I could have made up my mind at that time, I would have been able to create a second Xi'an incident, and if so, the credit would have been great.
In fact, judging from the actual situation, if Wu Huawen really wants to kidnap Chiang Kai-shek, there is a perfect opportunity.
Because at that time, Yanzhou only had Wu Huawen's troops, all of which obeyed his orders, and there were also the East China Field Army and the Lunan Military Region around it, if Chiang Kai-shek was tied up, he could be sent to the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army around a bend.
If this is done, it will directly make up for Wu Huawen's previous mistakes, but unfortunately, he hesitated for a moment and missed such a good opportunity.
The Wu Huawen uprising is equivalent to doing three good things
In May 1947, Wu Huawen's unit was reorganized into the integrated 84th Division, with about 20,000 troops, and its main role was to run back and forth to support.
However, at this moment, Wu Huawen had already made contact with the Communists, was completely unwilling to fight for Chiang Kai-shek's life, and always supported the troops, always slow to move, deliberately delaying time.
Liu Zhi
For example, in the Battle of Yanzhou in 1948, Liu Zhi, the commander-in-chief of Xuzhou's "suppression", ordered Wu Huawen to lead his troops to relieve the siege and provide support, but Wu Huawen deliberately slowed down the march and delayed until Yanzhou was liberated before arriving in Yanzhou.
On September 16 of the same year, the Battle of Jinan broke out.
Because his wife Lin Shiying and many Communist Party cadres had already done a lot of work, they persuaded Wu Huawen to surrender to the uprising.
Therefore, when Wu Huawen was in the Battle of Jinan, he also began to deploy and plan.
On the fourth day of the Battle of Jinan, Wu Huawen informed his 96th Army to prepare for the uprising, and then took the initiative to remove the battalion guarding the suspension bridge to facilitate the advance of the People's Liberation Army.
On the evening of the 19th, Wu Huawen arrived at the western suburban airfield to assemble in accordance with the instructions of our party, and in order to avoid misunderstanding, Wu Huawen's ministry ordered all soldiers to tie white towels on their arms to make a distinction when they retreated.
Subsequently, under the leadership and help of Wu Huawen's troops, our army successfully passed through the defensive positions of the 96th Army, and the Wu Huawen uprising was completely successful.
Wu Huawen's uprising can be said to have made absolute contributions, and it can even be said that Wu Huawen's uprising is equivalent to doing three good things:
First, the Wu Huawen Uprising shortened the time of the Jinan Campaign, which was originally planned to take 20 days, but because of Wu Huawen's uprising, the Jinan Campaign ended in 8 days.
Second, the Wu Huawen uprising reduced a large number of casualties in our army, and suppose that if Wu Huawen stubbornly resisted, then Xu Shiyou and Su Yu's troops would surely kill and injure more people, resulting in irreversible results.
Third, the Wu Huawen Uprising protected Jinan's industrial and commercial areas, not only reducing the property of the masses of the people, but also avoiding the loss of people's lives.
It can be said that Wu Huawen's uprising was meritorious, and this merit is absolutely no less than Wu Huawen's previous regret that he did not kidnap Chiang Kai-shek.
As for the chain reaction that Chairman Mao said, after the Wu Huawen uprising, it is even more clear:
1. Wu Huawen's uprising first dealt a heavy blow to Wang Yaowu's last determination to stick to Jinan;
2. Jinan was destroyed, Wang Yaowu was captured, and great turmoil began within the Kuomintang;
3. Subsequently, in the panic, the Kuomintang lost Heze, Yantai and other places one after another;
4. The liberation of many places directly led to the rapid liberation of the whole territory of Shandong, and the liberated areas of East China and North China were also connected.
......
After Wu Huawen's uprising, he was not embarrassed by our army because of his previous mistakes, but also let Wu Huawen continue to command the army, and later participated in the famous Battle of crossing the river and became a senior general of our army.
It was also because of the follow-up effects of Wu Huawen's uprising that in the years since, the number of kmts surrendered and accepted the adaptation reached as many as one million.
For a time, Wu Huawen's surrender was also jokingly called yes
"Wu Huawen Effect"
Later, after Wang Yaowu saw Wu Huawen, he also blamed Wu Huawen for why he did not call him together when he revolted.
Wang Yaowu
In fact, looking back, it is not terrible to make mistakes, and if you can repent and reform at a critical moment, you can also forgive.
For example, Wu Huawen, if there were a few more people with such a clear state of mind, would the speed of liberation be faster?
Disclaimer: This article is the original article of the headline number Brief History Archive, and any unauthorized reprinting, plagiarism, and washing of manuscripts must be investigated!