In 1924, wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin's second direct war broke out, and Feng Yuxiang, who was appointed by Wu Peifu as the commander-in-chief of the Third Army of the Rebel Army, suddenly returned to Beijing, surrounded the presidential palace, imprisoned Cao Kun, and reorganized his troops into the Nationalist Army, known in history as the "Beijing Coup". After the coup d'état in Beijing, Feng Yuxiang revised the preferential conditions of the Qing Dynasty, abolished the Title of Emperor Puyi, and expelled Puyi from the Forbidden City.
Forbidden city
After the victory of the Xinhai Revolution, under the persecution of the Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai, the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for 267 years, issued an abdication edict, officially ending Manchu rule in China. However, although the Manchu Qing rule collapsed, the last Manchu Emperor Puyi and other Qing people still lived in the Forbidden City and enjoyed various preferential privileges granted by the Beiyang government, and the feudal imperial system still had a tail.
Edict of Abdication
In the Forbidden City, it seems that it is still in the Manchu Qing dynasty, Puyi still has the era name of Xuan unification, has a full set of court teams composed of old and young, and still enjoys the life of the emperor. Although the Beiyang government paid an annual fee of up to four million taels of silver, in order to maintain the luxurious life of the Qing court, state-owned property such as cultural relics in the Forbidden City was constantly sold by the Qing dynasty.
Clearance privileges
There are three preferential conditions for the Qing Dynasty: the first item is "Conditions for Preferential Treatment After the Resignation of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty". There are 8 paragraphs in total: (1) after the resignation of the Qing Emperor, the honorific title is still not abolished, and the Republic of China is waiting for the courtesy of foreign monarchs; (2) the Qing Emperor spends 4 million taels allocated by the Republic of China government; (3) the Qing Emperor temporarily resides in the palace and later moves to the Summer Palace, and the guards are retained as usual; (4) the Tomb of the Qing Emperor Zongmiao is always enshrined, and the Republic of China government sets up guards to protect it; (5) if the Guangxu Mausoleum is properly repaired, the Republic of China government pays practical funds; (6) the deacons in the palace can stay as usual, but they can no longer recruit eunuchs ;(7) The private property of the Qing Emperor was specially protected by the Government of the Republic of China; (8) the former Janissaries were organized by the War Department of the Republic of China, and the amount and salary remained the same. The second item is "Conditions on the Treatment of the Qing Imperial Family". There are 4 articles in total: (1) the princes and princes are still in their old ways; (2) the royal family has the same rights as the people; (3) the royal family has the same protection of private property; (4) the royal family is exempt from military service. The third item is "Conditions for the Treatment of All Ethnic Groups In Manchuria, Mongolia and Tibet". There are 7 articles in total: (1) equality with the Han Chinese; (2) protection of their private property; (3) the princely lords are still in their old ways; (4) the government of the Republic of China raises the livelihood of the princes who have lived in difficulty; (5) the livelihood of the Eight Banners is raised first, and before the preparation is made, their salaries will still be distributed; (6) the restrictions on business and residence in the past will be removed, and the states and counties will listen to their free naturalization; (7) listen to their free belief in the original religion.
And the Qing court itself still had illusions. In 1917, Zhang Xun led 5,000 braided soldiers into Beijing to launch the farce of Zhang Xun's restoration, and the Qing chamber itself actively participated, which fully exposed the contemptuous restoration ambitions and also violated the "Preferential Conditions for the Qing Room" signed with the Beiyang government.
Zhang Xun
The "Preferential Conditions for the Qing Dynasty" itself is due to the lack of strength of the Southern Revolutionary Party, coupled with the compromise with the Qing Imperial Family under the struggle of the Qing court and the young. The Beiyang government gave the Qing court the privilege of retaining the imperial title, which in itself was contrary to democracy and republicanism.
Although Feng Yuxiang's reputation evaluation was not very good, and he had nicknames such as General Renegade, Feng Yuxiang's behavior of expelling the Qing chamber and modifying the preferential treatment conditions of the Qing chamber was very just and correct.
Feng Yuxiang
The revised preferential conditions for the Qing Dynasty: Now that the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty wants to implement the spirit of the Republic of the Five Nationalities and does not want to violate the various systems of the Republic of China, the conditions for preferential treatment of the Qing Dynasty are hereby amended as follows: The first is that the Emperor Xuantong of the Great Qing Dynasty will permanently abolish the title of Emperor from October 1924 and enjoy all the same rights as the people of the Republic of China in law; Article 2 Since the amendment of these conditions, the government of the Republic of China has subsidized the Qing family with 500,000 yuan per year, and has specially spent 2 million yuan to open a factory for the poor people in Beijing, and to take in the poor people of the flag first Article 3 The Qing Dynasty shall be removed from the palace on the same day in accordance with the original preferential conditions, Article 3, and may freely choose to live thereafter, but the Government of the Republic of China shall still bear the responsibility of protection; Article 4 The temple and mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty shall always be enshrined and properly protected by the Republic of China at its discretion; Article 5 The private property of the Qing Chamber shall be fully enjoyed by the Qing Chamber, and the Government of the Republic of China shall be specially protected, and all its public property shall belong to the Government of the Republic of China.
If we compare the preferential conditions for the Qing dynasty before and after the revision, we can see that the "Preferential Conditions for the Qing Chamber" before the revision and the various privileges granted to the Qing Chamber not only contradicted the democratic republic, but also left the bane of the restoration of the feudal imperial system.