On December 31, 1924, the last day of the solar year, in the howling cold wind, tens of thousands of citizens gathered at the Qianmen Railway Station in Beijing, waiting for Sun Yat-sen who traveled north from Guangzhou to see this great man.
Soon, a special train slowly approached, and Sun Yat-sen, who appeared in front of people, had a haggard face and completely lost his former style. Arriving at the Qianmen railway station, Sun Yat-sen was already weak and had no strength to stand. Originally, Sun Yat-sen intended to give a speech at the train station, but the disease took away almost all his strength,
So much so that Sun Yat-sen was almost carried before he got off the train.
In the face of the warm welcoming crowd, the seriously ill Sun Yat-sen did not say a single word, which was later widely known
Sun Yat-sen's Declaration on Entering Beijing
It was printed as a leaflet and distributed to the public. At this moment, the fighter's life has entered the countdown.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital was founded in 1921 by the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States. At the time, the Rockefeller Foundation's goal was clear: to make Union Hospital the best medical center in Asia.
In January 1925, after Sun Yat-sen arrived in Beijing, he first stayed at the Beijing Hotel in Wangfujing, but after resting and treating at the Beijing Hotel for a period of time, Sun Yat-sen's physical condition did not improve at all, and his condition worsened. Therefore, on January 26, 1925, Sun Yat-sen was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
Why did Sun Yat-sen, who was far away in Guangzhou, drag his sick body thousands of miles to Beijing? As the premier of the Kuomintang, did Sun Yat-sen come to Beijing this time just to see a doctor?
On September 18, 1924, war broke out between the warlords Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, who were directly in control of the Beijing government at the time, and Zhang Zuolin, a warlord of the Feng clan who was entrenched outside guanxi, according to history
The Second Direct War
。
Just when the two armies of Zhifeng were at Shanhaiguan and Beijing's defenses were empty, on the night of October 22, Feng Yuxiang, who represented the main force of his immediate family in Gubeikou to meet the Feng's army, suddenly led his troops back to Beijing, surrounded the presidential palace, put Cao Kun, the leader of the warlords directly under house arrest at that time, who was the president of the Republic of China at the time, forced him to order an armistice, and relieved Wu Peifu of his post, who was still fighting on the front line.
This event is the famous Beijing coup d'état. The Second Battle of Zhifeng came to an end.
Sun Yat-sen, who was far away in Guangzhou at the time, was very encouraged to hear this news, and he immediately sent a telegram to Feng Yuxiang expressing support for Feng Yuxiang's military operations. After the Beijing Incident, General Feng Yuxiang announced his support for Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles, broke away from the Beiyang military system, and renamed his army the Nationalist Army.
On the third day of the incident, Feng Yuxiang sent a telegram inviting Sun Yat-sen to go north, and after that, Feng Yuxiang joined forces with Duan Qirui, the leader of the Anhui clan, and Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Feng clan, to send a telegram again to sun Yat-sen to go north to Beijing at an early date.
Should I go to Beijing? Feng Yuxiang's telegram within the Kuomintang can be described as a stone stirring up thousands of waves, and the opinions of the two factions are extremely disputed. Prior to this, Sun Yat-sen had a secret military alliance with the Anhui and Feng clans against the direct lineage, and after the fall of the direct lineage, the political situation in the north underwent great changes, and if Sun Yat-sen rushed to go at this time, it would be a bit dangerous. But on the other hand,
At this time, China did indeed have the opportunity for peaceful reunification that Sun Yat-sen had always dreamed of
After much thought, he decided to accept the invitation to go north to discuss state affairs.
Feng Yuxiang wanted to form a committee in Beijing, and the committee would hold a round table with the purpose of unifying China, which made Sun Yat-sen, who was far away in Guangzhou at the time, very happy.
If the negotiations between the North and the South can be successful, the Chinese people will henceforth be free from swords and soldiers, and the devastated China will be able to repair and rebuild.
On October 27, Sun Yat-sen sent a series of telegrams expressing his consent to go north. On November 10, Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech to the north, in which Sun Yat-sen said that it is necessary to eliminate imperialist forces in China externally and make the country independent and free; internally, it is necessary to eliminate warlord forces. The foundation of the rule of the people cannot be shaken. It is required that a national assembly be convened to seek the reunification and construction of China.
On the morning of November 13, Sun Yat-sen set off from Guangzhou on the Yongfeng ship to the north, accompanied by his wife Song Qingling, his son Sun Ke, and more than 20 other people, including Wang Jingwei, Li Liejun, and Shao Yuanchong, who were important members of the Kuomintang. On November 14, the Yongfeng passed by the Whampoa Military Academy, and Sun Yat-sen disembarked, accompanied by Chiang Kai-shek, the president of the Whampoa Military Academy at the time, to review the exercises of the Whampoa teachers and students and bid farewell to them.
At the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen spoke to the cadets of the military academy, and in private, he also confessed some heartfelt words to Chiang Kai-shek. In this conversation, Sun Yat-sen said
"Whether I can come back from the north this time, I am not sure." ”
Hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly asked:
"Prime Minister, why did you say that?"
It turned out that just a few months ago, in May 1924, Sun Yat-sen had a serious illness, what kind of disease it was, no one can say clearly now, but one thing is certain, Sun Yat-sen's condition was very dangerous at that time, and even newspapers reported that Sun Yat-sen had died.
Although after a period of time, his body has temporarily improved, but he is a doctor Sun Yat-sen, after this disease, he also has some speculations about his physical condition.
Just as Sun Yat-sen was on the road, on November 15, in order to prevent the direct forces in the Yangtze River region from moving north, Feng Yuxiang had to join forces with Zhang Zuolin, Lu Yongxiang, Hu Jingyi, and Sun Yue to put Duan Qirui in the position of provisional governor. The new situation that was originally opened by Feng Yuxiang became a draw that drove tigers for wolves. Feng Yuxiang himself was ostracized, his nationalist name was revoked by the War Department, and soon after, he was transferred out of Beijing and sent to Zhangjiakou as the northwest border inspector.
When Sun Yat-sen arrived in Beijing, he would see Duan Qirui instead of Feng Yuxiang.
At this time, Sun Yat-sen had not yet arrived in Beijing, and the favorable situation opened by Feng Yuxiang's coup in Beijing suddenly became complicated again, and sun Yat-sen could not predict the outcome of continuing to go north.
On the way north of Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen and his wife Soong Ching-ling walked slowly, the young and beautiful Soong Ching-ling, looking a little shy, at this moment, probably no one expected that this trip to the north turned out to be Sun Yat-sen's death journey.
At 11:45 on December 4, 1924, Sun Yat-sen and his party arrived in Tianjin on the Beiling Pill steamship, the journey was rushing, and they were still on the boat for so long, not to mention the elderly people like Sun Yat-sen, even if they were a stick boy, it was estimated that they had to be tired enough.
But after arriving in Tianjin, Sun Yat-sen could not rest, because he made an appointment with someone, a very important person. The person Sun Yat-sen wanted to meet was the actual leader of Tianjin City at this time, Zhang Zuolin, the head of the warlords.
Long before Sun Yat-sen arrived in Tianjin, he asked Wang Jingwei to write a letter to Zhang Zuolin and agreed on a time to meet. In order to attend the appointment, he took a short rest at the Zhang Garden Pavilion, and in the afternoon of the same day, Sun Yat-sen went to the Cao Family Garden to meet Zhang Zuolin.
But the process of this meeting, it can be said, made Sun Yat-sen very unhappy.
The story is slightly longer, written in two chapters, and if you like this article, look forward to your attention.
@South Window Fun Talk
#博书文化 #