In China's modern history, various interest groups have fought fiercely, but there are always people who can go with the tide of history and make the most correct choice we now see. But at the time, it seemed like a lot of people scoffed at their choices. The most famous of these is probably Feng Chin-jae. As a military general, Feng Qinzha did not want to be driven by others in the chaotic world; although he was a general under Yang Hucheng, he refused to "xi'an incident" and took the initiative to defect to old Chiang; after becoming a general of the nationalist army, his relationship with Chiang Kai-shek deteriorated day by day and he became a famous anti-Japanese general; after the outbreak of the Liberation War, he tried his best to persuade Fu Zuoyi to peacefully liberate Peiping; but after the founding of New China, he refused to become an official on the grounds that "he has no two masters and cannot be sorry for old Chiang", and finally chose to live in a cave and raise chickens for a living. On what basis was Feng Qinya able to make a choice that conformed to the trend of history? His friends in the same window described him as "a rough man with a simple mind", is the truth really as he said?
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And Yang Hucheng became a life-and-death friend
Feng Qinzha was born in Wanrong County, Shanxi in 1890, when the Qing Dynasty was poor and weak, and was oppressed by imperialism. Because of the unequal treaties signed with imperialism, the lives of the people of the whole country have been made worse. Feng Qinya's family has been poor for generations and has lived a precarious life, but it is worth mentioning that even after becoming an important military general, he still maintained a life of rough tea and light food. It seems that this style has been carved into his bones.
However, Feng Qinya did not develop an inferior personality because of his family's poverty, on the contrary, his temper was as fiery as Zhang Fei's, and he would lose his temper at every turn.
Feng Qinya
When Feng Qinya was a teenager, the whole family saved money and sent him to a new-style school to study, and he could come into contact with the revolutionary ideas and benevolent people who were very advanced at that time. Under the guidance of his friends, Feng Qinya's thought gradually became enlightened, and after three years he joined the League and began to participate in some preparations for the democratic revolution. Eventually, he was admitted to the Shanxi Normal School to continue his studies.
In this school, he was able to reach more revolutionary volunteers, and he often participated in the student progress movement. After the founding of the Republic of China, he always hoped to join the army, and finally chose to join Yan Xishan's army, relying on his academic qualifications to serve as the "fat difference" of supply and demand. However, these could not tempt Feng Qinyao, and after learning that Yan Xishan and Yuan Shikai were secretly colluding with each other, Feng Qinzai immediately broke away from the Jin army.
New style of school
After breaking away from the Jin army, he and his comrades in arms of the Alliance launched an uprising in Baotou and prepared to attack Yuan Shikai. However, Feng Qinzhao's army was forced to retreat back to Shanxi due to the lack of numbers and weapons and equipment.
However, after returning to Shanxi, Feng Qinzha became a wanted criminal in Yan Xishan's reward and could only be exiled to Shaanxi again.
However, soon after, Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor caused dissatisfaction among the revolutionary volunteers throughout the country, and Feng Qinya again contacted the members of the League to raise an army against Yuan Shikai, and the ranks continued to grow, although Feng Qinzai's rebel army lianke several cities and returned to Shanxi. However, due to Yan Xishan's night attack on the rebel army, Feng Qinzha failed again.
However, these failures seemed to him to be a common thing, and after the failure, Feng Qinya traveled from place to place and continued to contact other revolutionary volunteers to organize anti-Yuan troops.
Yuan Shikai
However, Feng Qinzha believed that his appeal was simply not enough to form a large-scale team, so he went to Shanghai in the name of the representative of Yuan Jun in Shanxi to pay respects to Dr. Sun Yat-sen. After that, he returned to Xi'an and Geng Zhi to launch the Xi'an Uprising and established the Six-Way Jingguo Army.
After that, Feng Qinzha got to know Yang Hucheng, and Yang Hucheng and he saw each other as they were, and the two talked happily, so they became battalion commanders under Yang Hucheng's promotion, after which the two joined hands and embarked on revolutionary careers.
Although Feng Qinya did not go to military school, he led the troops to fight almost without defeat during this period, and even often had the situation of winning more with less, and during this period, he made up his mind to follow General Yang Hucheng with a dead heart.
Because of their outstanding record and loyalty to Yang Hucheng in the most difficult years, the two gradually became friends of life and death.
Yang Hucheng
However, at this time, China was still divided by warlords, and there were years of chaotic wars, resulting in people's livelihood. So Dr. Sun Yat-sen formed the Northern Expeditionary Army to prepare for the rebellion against warlords everywhere, and soon after the Northern Expedition War broke out. Feng Qinya, as the vanguard of Yang Hucheng, also participated in this great battle, but Feng Qinzha was as brave as ever, causing a large number of casualties among the enemy troops. In 1927, he was promoted to division commander.
In 1929, a great war broke out between Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang, Feng Qinzha followed Yang Hucheng to support Chiang Kai-shek, and after Chiang Kai-shek repelled Feng Yuxiang's main army, Chiang Kai-shek's main general Tang Shengzhi suddenly defected and expressed his intention to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek. This caught Chiang Kai-shek off guard, so he ordered Yang Hucheng and others to help eliminate Tang Shengzhi's troops. Although Chiang Kai-shek did not have much hope for Yang Hucheng's troops, Feng Qinzha, as the vanguard of Yang Hucheng, took Tang Shengzhi's army in one fell swoop.
Chiang Kai-shek
And Feng Qinya was personally praised by Chiang Kai-shek for his outstanding military achievements in this great war, and Chiang Kai-shek praised Feng Qinya in front of everyone as a fierce general, and his words were full of praise.
However, after Chiang Kai-shek praised Feng Qinya, Feng Qinzha was momentarily overwhelmed, and when everyone said to the face that Yan Xishan in Shanxi would rely on him to solve it. But at that time, Chiang Kai-shek did not tear his face with Yan Xishan, and Feng Qinya's remarks made Chiang Kai-shek very embarrassed, and he was speechless for a while. This was also the first time that Chiang Kai-shek had learned Feng Qinya's "mouth without covering".
Gradually, the Xi'an Incident rebelled against Yang and surrendered to Jiang
Although Yang Hucheng and Feng Qinya are friends of life and death, but as the two gradually deepen their contacts, the ideological difference between the two is getting bigger and bigger, although Feng Qinya accepted some democratic revolutionary ideas, but in the final analysis, he still sticks to stereotypes, and because of his hot temper, it is difficult for people to get along, and he always has no way to start when dealing with some complicated military affairs.
However, Yang Hucheng has always pursued democracy and progress, and he is very fond of reusing new people, which has led Feng Qinzai to be very dissatisfied with many of Yang Hucheng's practices.
In 1930, Feng Qinzha led the army to garrison Zhumadian, but Yang Hucheng invited many readers who pursued democracy and progress to Zhumadian to help improve their work. These democratic progressives include many members of our Party, but these people are useless students in Feng Chin-za's view.
At a conference held by Yang Hucheng, Feng Qinzha suddenly asked for a speech at the end of the meeting, and scolded the so-called "readers" present, believing that they had come here to make money. The words revealed their dissatisfaction with Yang Hucheng's appointment of them. This made Yang Hucheng very angry, which also led to the meeting finally breaking up. But the two did not tear their faces in the end.
Central Plains War
After the outbreak of the Central Plains War, Feng Qinzha followed Yang Hucheng to support Chiang Kai-shek, and made great achievements in this great war, which ended with Chiang Kai-shek's final victory. Feng Qinzai, who had performed very well in this war, once again attracted Chiang Kai-shek's attention, so Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to persuade Feng Qinya to serve him.
After revealing their identity, the visitor promised the military and political power of Henan and Hubei provinces, and explained that if he did not want to be a military minister, he expanded the division headquarters under his jurisdiction into a military department, and then stationed in Yan'an. but
It was the cunning Feng Qinya who resolutely refused Chiang Kai-shek's kindness, because he knew that the most important thing in the chaotic world was the military power, he did not want to lose the original military power, as for the expansion of other troops into the army, Feng Qinya was worried that the army would be out of control. After that, Chen Lifu and others tried to lure them with money, but they were again rejected by Feng Qinya.
After Feng Qinya entered Shaanxi in 1932, the situation in Shaanxi gradually stabilized, but Shaanxi was overwhelmed by years of drought, and a large number of refugees appeared, but this also led to the extremely cheap land price. So in order to improve the lives of soldiers, Feng Qinya bought a lot of land to start a school and a favorite troupe. This period was nothing for Feng Qinya to fight, but it was also the fastest rising year for Feng Qinya in his economic career.
He used a large amount of cheap land to run a variety of businesses such as real estate and grocery stores, and used local banks to do lending business. This also allows Feng Qinya to make a lot of money.
Just when Feng Qinya was dreaming of making a fortune in Shaanxi, the situation in the whole country changed again, and shortly after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance measures against Japan led to the fall of all three northeastern provinces. However, Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang were refused to advise Chiang Kai-shek, so they opened the prelude to the Xi'an Incident, and the two planned to attack Chiang Kai-shek and force him to resist Japan.
The Japanese invaded China
In order to be able to carry out this military advice smoothly, it did not consult with Feng Qinzha in advance, and after Yang Hucheng finalized it, he urgently sent a telegram to Feng Qinzai, asking him to immediately lead his troops into Tongguan to prevent Chiang Kai-shek's army from entering the customs.
However, after receiving the order, Feng Qinzha was very confused, although he had always supported the anti-Japanese resistance, after understanding the origin of the matter, he decided that it was not feasible to detain Chiang Kai-shek, and this move was to betray Chiang Kai-shek!
After Yang Hucheng learned about Feng Qinya's attitude, he felt that the situation was very serious. So he sent several people to Feng Qinya's parents to persuade him, but Feng Qinzha believed that Yang Hucheng did not trust him and showed that the situation was irreparable.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek's close associate He Yingqin and others also came to persuade Feng Qinya after learning of his attitude and sent him millions of silver dollars.
Xi'an Incident
Just when Feng Qinya was hesitating, He Yingqin sent a large army to take the lead in occupying Tongguan, which made the teeth of Feng Qinya's army intertwined and overlapped. So Feng Qinya finally made up his mind to refuse Yang Hucheng's orders and made it clear that he had followed Chiang Kai-shek for many years and would not betray him.
Therefore, at the request of He Yingqin and others, a statement telegram was forwarded to Yang Hucheng, clearly expressing opposition to Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang.
Northwest Army
As a result, after the Xi'an Incident, Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang lost reliable military support. Since then, Yang Hucheng and Feng Qinya have completely severed contact, and the two have parted ways. After this incident, Feng Qinzha completely broke away from Yang Hucheng's Northwest Army system.
After breaking away from the Northwest Army, Feng Qinya's army was expanded into the Twenty-seventh Route Army, and the soldiers' food and salaries were also greatly supplemented. After that, Feng Qinzha went to Shanghai to meet Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek was very satisfied with Feng Qinya's performance in the Xi'an Incident, and he also met his requirements as much as possible, and personally rewarded all the officers and men of Feng Qinya.
Loss of Military Power Increasingly dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek
Although Feng Qinya chose to defect to Chiang Kai-shek after the Xi'an Incident, making others think that their relationship was very close, Chiang Kai-shek was very disgusted by Feng Qinya's unbridled temper and believed that this person was not completely credible. In addition, the two were more and more at odds over the attitude of the anti-Japanese resistance, so in the torrent of historical progress, Feng Qinya once again made a new choice.
In fact, as early as 1931, when the Japanese invaders began to invade northeast China, Feng Qinya advocated sending troops to resist the Japanese. And organized a fundraising conference for anti-Japanese funds in the local area. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was bent on pacifying Wu Peifu's army stationed in Gansu, and had no intention of resisting the Japanese army.
Feng Qinzha was very dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's move, believing that the Chinese soldiers should defend their homeland and drive out the Japanese invaders.
Fight against the Japanese army
In the winter of that year, Because of military affairs, Feng Qinzha rushed to Nanjing and met Chiang Kai-shek. After Chiang Kai-shek saw Feng Qinya, he asked him about the situation in pacifying Gansu, but Feng Qinya did not stop his mouth, publicly pointed out that "it is also a shame to fight down," and said that other military generals did not dare to mention in front of Chiang Kai-shek, the Japanese occupied the northeast, did not order the japanese to fight, but led troops to fight the people of Gansu.
Although Chiang Kai-shek felt that this remark was very harsh, he had always been patient and did not have a seizure. This also allowed Chiang Kai-shek to see Feng Qinya's "straight-talking and fast-talking" again, although it did not have a seizure, but it made Chiang Kai-shek deeply remember it in his mind.
Soon after, because of Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance, the unscrupulous Japanese army continued to invade. Feng Qinya, who was bent on resisting Japan, once again asked Miao to fight, and eventually went to the Huairou area to resist the Japanese army.
In the same year, Feng Yuxiang had already pulled up an anti-Japanese army and won many major victories, but because Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yu had already broken up before this, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Feng Qinzhao and others to attack Feng Yuxiang's anti-Japanese army.
This put Feng Yuxiang's anti-Japanese armed forces into a critical situation of fighting on three sides, so Feng Yuxiang sent a tight telegram to Feng Qinya, hoping to put the country's national righteousness first. Shortly after receiving Feng Yuxiang's urgent telegram, Feng Qinzhao personally met with Feng Yuxiang, and after this meeting, Feng Qinzhao made clear his attitude to Chiang Kai-shek that Feng Yuxiang's team was an anti-Japanese force, and that he had been Feng Yuxiang's old subordinate, and it was reasonable to attack Feng Yuxiang's team.
This was met with Chiang Kai-shek's great annoyance with Feng Qinya, who was unreliable.
Feng Yuxiang anti-Japanese team
Before the Xi'an Incident, it can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek did not fully trust Feng Qinya, and he was unguarded and tolerated him many times. In order to support the anti-Japanese resistance, Feng Qinya did not fully obey Chiang Kai-shek's orders, but the two did not tear their faces.
After the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek rewarded all the officers and men of Feng Qinya because he was very satisfied with his performance in this incident, so did Feng Qinya really completely defect to Chiang Kai-shek?
After the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, Feng Qinya once again led his troops to resist Japan and showed his determination to die to resist Japan. In August, Feng Qinzha led his troops to the Baoding area in an attempt to fight a decisive battle with the Japanese army here. However, after the battle began, Feng Qinya found that the Japanese firepower was strong, so he retreated south, and sent sniper troops to snipe along the way during the retreat, so that the 100,000 troops could be saved.
However, in the ensuing war, because of the encirclement of the Japanese army, Feng Qinya's troops were divided and the losses were very heavy, but Feng Qinya still insisted on leading the troops to resist the Japanese Kou, due to the serious attrition of soldiers, part of Feng Qinya's army retreated to the southeast mountains of Shanxi to continue fighting the Japanese army, and part of it was led by Feng Qinya himself, returned to his hometown to replenish the troops, and waited for orders.
Anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare
In 1938, Feng Qinzha led his army to fight a guerrilla war with the Japanese army in the Jinnan region, and defeated the Japanese Kobayashi Wing and recovered many county towns. However, at this time, the attrition of Feng Qinya's troops was already very serious, so Chiang Kai-shek ordered him to disband the original headquarters and serve as the second in command of the Fourteenth Army, so Feng Qinya lost the command of the original army. This made feng Qinya, who had a hot temper, very angry, and scolded the people who came to him that he would resign.
Feng Qinya, at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, took over the post of acting commander of the 14th Army and continued to resist the Japanese army in the southeastern Jin Dynasty.
During this period, Feng Qinzha cooperated closely with the army of our party, and repeatedly repelled the Japanese army at a very small cost. As a result, Feng Qinya also got to know many members of our party, and their relations became closer and closer, and the cooperation between the two armies became more and more harmonious, and even Feng Qinya personally studied our party's guerrilla tactics.
Chinese Army
Because Feng Qinya's relations with our party are getting better and better, this has aroused Chiang Kai-shek's strong dissatisfaction and increasing distrust of Feng Qinya. So he ordered him to be transferred to Luoyang to garrison. This led to Feng Qinya completely losing control of the old department and losing his military power.
However, Feng Qinzha did not give up the anti-Japanese resistance because of this, but in his spare time, he would go to Chongqing to meet Chiang Kai-shek and complain, hoping to return to the Shanxi front to participate in the anti-Japanese resistance, but because of his long-term dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek's seizure of his military power and his fiery temper, his anger toward Chiang Kai-shek was overflowing with words. Chiang Kai-shek was aware of Feng Qinya's anger, but still did not have a seizure as usual, but reassured Feng Qinya, saying that he would study and study his return to Shanxi to resist the war.
Feng Qinya waited in Chongqing for a whole year with the hopes thrown by Chiang Kai-shek, but in the end it was only a matter of "research and study".
Battle of Mt. Nakajō
In 1941, Feng Qinzai's old army in Shanxi was completely destroyed because of his participation in the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain.
At this point, Feng Qinzha was completely lost in Chiang Kai-shek's military camp, dismissed from all military posts, and appointed by Chiang Kai-shek to some insignificant idle posts, until the successful conclusion of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and after the outbreak of the War of Liberation, he was appointed as the second in command of the "Suppression General" in North China.
The rebellion against Chiang Kai-shek promoted the liberation of Peiping and refused to take office
After the outbreak of the War of Liberation, although Feng Qinzha was once again "cared for" by Chiang Kai-shek, he now understood that the position he held was nothing more than a superficial one, but only a false post.
Coupled with the growing enthusiasm of the people in the Kuomintang areas for rebellion against Chiang Kai-shek's rule and the pursuit of democracy and freedom, as well as the frequent defeats of the well-equipped Kuomintang on the battlefield, this led him to believe that Chiang Kai-shek was doomed to failure, and coupled with years of dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai-shek, he became even more passive of Chiang Kai-shek's orders. At the moment he was more focused on his silver trumpet business.
Liberation
In 1948, with the victory of the War of Liberation, Peiping was already surrounded by our regiments, and Fu Zuoyi was planning the peaceful liberation of Peiping, but he was suffering from the fact that there was no contact with our party before, so it was urgent for a democrat to get in touch as an intermediary.
At this time, Feng Qinzha had already rejected Chiang Kai-shek's plane to take him south, and he was determined to work with Fu Zuoyi to promote the peaceful liberation of Peiping.
After Feng Qinzha learned of Fu Zuoyi's distress, he proposed to Fu Zuoyi that Deng Baoshan could definitely act as an intermediary between the two sides, and because Feng Qinzha and Deng Baoshan were both generals in the Northwest Army before, the two had a good relationship.
So Fu Zuoyi hoped that Feng Qinya would go to Xi'an and invite him back to Beiping, and Feng Qinzai gladly accepted. In the end, Feng Qinya invited Deng Baoshan back, and finally promoted the peaceful liberation of Peiping, and Deng Baoshan and Feng Qinzai both became heroes of the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
Fu Zuoyi
After the liberation of Peiping, in view of Feng Qinya's promotion of peaceful liberation and the performance of the Anti-Japanese Resistance, our Party did not blame him for the mistakes he had made in the past, and sent people to seek his opinion on many occasions to arrange suitable work for him.
However, he was rejected by Feng Qinya, who said that he hoped to be an ordinary citizen and never an official. When our party saw the situation, it sent Deng Baoshan and others to persuade him, and Feng Qinzha said that he should not do anything to the two masters, and that he should learn from Fu Shan of the Ming Dynasty and could not be sorry for Old Jiang.
Liberation of Peiping
The persuasion of the people was fruitless, but they did not believe his statement of "not doing anything to the two masters", and everyone believed that after the situation in the founding of New China was stable, he would certainly be able to return to work. After that, Feng Qinya raised chickens at home and fed them in the chicken pen all day, so Feng Qinya lived an ordinary life.
Sure enough, as everyone expected, after 1956, as New China became more and more prosperous and powerful, under the persuasion of our party, he gave up the life of "Fu Shan" and threw himself into the work of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee and took the initiative to join the economic construction of New China. He eventually died of illness in 1963.
Author comments
Feng Qinya's life was changeable, once rebelling against Yang Hucheng and defecting to Chiang Kai-shek in order to satisfy his ambitions and power; once rebelling against Chiang Kai-shek, promoting the liberation of Peiping, and willing to become an ordinary ordinary person, although he was forced by a boulder, he could also see his disappointment and chilling heart for Chiang Kai-shek. But all in all, he was able to grasp the trend of history and make the right choice!
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The general of the Nationalist Army refused to flee to Taiwan and became a hero of the liberation of Peiping, so why did he end up raising chickens for a living?