The origin of surnames can be traced back to the period of the matrilineal clan system in primitive society. With the development of society, the origin of patrilineal society, it has also been further improved, and has the role of distinguishing regions, clans, etc. And the naming of surnames, either because of the mountains and waters, or because of the tribes, just like the eight surnames of the ancients: Ji, Yao, Concubine, Concubine, Jiang, 嬴, 姞, 妘 are mostly derived from this.
According to the "Dictionary of Chinese Surnames", after thousands of years of development, China currently has nearly 12,000 surnames. Among these many surnames, the Yellow Emperor's Ji surname evolved into more than 400 surnames, which led to the saying that the Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of the Chinese nation; there is also a surname that can be described as extremely powerful, although the current population of the country is only more than 28,000 people, but since ancient times, there have been 15 emperors. You know, china's more than two thousand years of feudal history is only about 490 emperors.
This surname is Sima Shi. Sima Shi's origin is an official position from ancient times. In the "Tongzhi Clan Luo Yiguan As a Clan" Yun: "After Chongli, Tang Yu Xia Shang took charge of heaven and earth on his behalf. King Xuan of Zhou's descendant Sun Cheng Boxiu's father was Sima (司馬), Keping Xufang (克平徐方), and Xi (西以官氏) was sima (司馬氏). Its later generations were either in Wei, or in Zhao, or in Qin. That is to say, according to legend, during the Shaohao period, there was a position of Sima Yi; and after development, Cheng Boxiu, a descendant of King Xuan of Zhou, was given the surname Sima because he defeated Xu Rong and made great military achievements. From this, the surname of Sima has continued to this day.
At the end of the Three Kingdoms period, the Sima clan, which lived in Hanoi County, rose rapidly with the help of Sima Yi's strength within the clan. While Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and others were passing through the world, Sima Yi also gradually went from the post of literary servant to the position of Yellow Gate Attendant and Minister of The Prime Minister. Although Cao Cao was later jealous, Cao Pi relied heavily on him.
After Cao Pi ascended the throne, Sima Yi's position was further consolidated. When he held the post of Shangshu, he led the army to quell the rebellion, so he was given the title of Marquis. Just when Cao Pi was dying, he was entrusted with him, and after the young Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui ascended the throne, the power of state affairs was in the hands of Sima Yi and Cao Zhen, and after Emperor Ming's death, he followed the old practice of entrusting Sima Yi and Cao Shuang. Seeing that Sima Yi was powerful, Cao Shuang was squeezed out in every way, but unfortunately, at this time, the Cao clan, especially Cao Shuang, was only a strong outsider and had no plan.
Finally, in the first year of the first year (249), Sima Yi took advantage of Cao Shuang's departure from the capital with Cao Fang to launch the Gaopingling Incident. This also meant that the Sima clan completely controlled the Cao Wei regime. In 266 AD, Sima Yi's grandson Sima Yan finally took wei and replaced him and established the Jin Dynasty, known as the Western Jin Dynasty. After that, the Jin Dynasty destroyed Sun Wu, ending the situation of the Three Kingdoms and achieving unification. The Western Jin Dynasty, on the other hand, has been passed down for four generations, with a history of 51 years. Later, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Xiongnu because of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings and the Five Hu Chaos. Sima Shi established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 317 AD after Sima Rui crossed the southern border, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty lasted 104 years and passed through the Eleventh Emperor.
At this point, the Sima clan also had 15 emperors. The emperor can be described as extremely noble, the number 95, but for the Western Jin and Eastern Jin dynasties established by the Sima clan, for the 15 Sima clans as emperors, the ancients even today our views can be said to be almost the same, mostly derogatory. Whether it was Sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, as the founding prince of the country, or the Emperor Hui of Jin, who said why not eat meat, as the king of the dynastic state at that time, they were powerless against the situation of the five chaos, the mighty and powerful, and the constant struggle for power, and they could not give a solution, and even some were the initiators of the war. In the midst of these wars, people in the northern region were slaughtered, and a set of comparative data shows the extent of the tragedy. In the first year of emperor Taikang of the Jin Dynasty (280), the population was 2,495,804 households and 16,163,863 people; but by the time of Liu Cong of Han Zhao, the total population of the country was 2,480,000 households, about 12,400,000 people; by the time of the fall of Later Zhao, there were fewer than 3 million Han people in the northern region. The number of deaths and injuries is heinous, but as the ruler of the Sima Clan Court, there are many people who do nothing and only know how to enjoy themselves.