As we all know, Sima Yi was a negative character in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a conspirator, who survived Zhuge Liang, and at the age of 70, he pretended to be stupid, and launched the Gaolingping coup d'état in one fell swoop to seize the world of Cao Wei. So where is Sima Yi? A native of Xiaojingli, Wen County, Hanoi County, he was a native of Zhaoxian Town, Wen County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province.
What is Hanoi? Hanoi refers to the vast area south of the Taihang Mountains and within the Yellow River, that is, parts of the present-day Jiaozuo area, Xinxiang and Anyang in Henan. During the Two Han Dynasties, the Yellow River traveled north along Xinxiang and Anyang, forming an inner angle with the Taihang Mountains. It was a direct subordinate of Gyeonggi during the Two Han Dynasties, one of the famous "Three Rivers County" (Hanoi County, Ha Dong County, Henan County).
Hanoi County was very important during the Two Han Dynasties, during the Western Han Dynasty it was the Great County of Gongwei Chang'an and Luoyang, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was the direct subordinate territory of Luoyang Sizhou in Kyoto, equivalent to the current Tianjin City. "Three Rivers County" formed a whole with the Guanzhong at that time, that is, the direct subordinate to the central government. The eastern lands of the Western Han Dynasty were all sealed outside sanhe county, and the Han Jing Emperor quelled the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms and sat in Luoyang, relying on Sanhe County. Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, started with Hanoi County, and from Hanoi County to Luoyang, achieving the great cause of restoring the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Hanoi County was very important during the Qin and Han dynasties, and later wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties were the important places of the imperial court.
Sima Yi's family was a family clan in Hanoi County, and Sima Yi's thirteenth ancestor, Sima Yi, was one of the Eighteen Princes of the Eighteen Roads that Xiang Yu had enfeoffed. Sima Wei was originally a Zhao general, and because of his bravery in the anti-Qin war, he pacified the lands of Hanoi, and was made the King of Yin by Xiang Yu and sealed in Chaoge. Later, Sima Wei first surrendered to Han, but after the Han army Xingyang was defeated by Xiang Yu, he surrendered to Chu, and finally was captured by Liu Bang and beheaded.
Sima Wei was born in Xiaojing Village, Xiaojing Town, Boai County, and the queen built the Inner Capital City in Neidu Village, not far from Xiaojing Village, and placed the Sima family in it, and passed on the family with loyalty and filial piety to rule the army with filial piety. By the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Sima family had become the largest prominent clan in Hanoi County, with descendants all over the counties of Jiaozuo and Xinxiang areas. Sima Yi's hometown was Xiaojingli in Wen County, and Xiaojing Village in Bo'ai County was originally a place, Wen County and Bo'ai County originally belonged to a large county, and Xiaojing Village became Xiaojingli as the population grew and expanded. Xiaojing Village was originally all on the south bank of the Qin River, but later due to the diversion of the Qin River, part of the Xiaojing Village was changed to the north bank of the Qin River, so xiaojing Village became Bo'ai County.
Sima Yi's great-grandfather was the general Zhengxi, his great-grandfather was Yuzhang Taishou of Jiangxi, his grandfather was Taishou of Yingchuan, Henan, and his father Sima Fang was Luoyang Ling and Jing Zhaoyin, and he had eight sons, because he had a "Da" character in it, and was known as Sima "Bada". During the Cao Wei period, Sima Yi successfully controlled the Cao Wei regime by relying on his outstanding political and military talents, and finally his grandson Sima Yan seized the world, all of which was related to the support of the Sima family in Hanoi behind him. Why there were so many Sima princes during the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" later, that is, the Sima family was a powerful family.
Jiaozuo's "coke" is therefore called poetic coke, "zuo" refers to the workshop, and Jiaozuo is the workshop of burning charcoal. Coal charcoal has been found in the Jiaozuo area more than 2,000 years ago, and there are records of coal ironmaking in Jiaozuo during the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, and iron smelting plants were set up in the Shanyang area (now the suburbs of Jiaozuo) during the Western Han Dynasty, and by the Eastern Han Dynasty, it had become a large iron smelting base in the country. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Jiaozuo had already begun to excavate coal kilns, and archaeology found many Ruins of Coal Kilns of the Tang Dynasty. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Jiaozuo's coal kilns have been widely developed, and archaeology has found many traces of coal burning in iron-making furnaces and porcelain kilns, as evidenced by "Huaiqingzhi", which records that Jiaozuo's coal was transported to Tokyo and Western Beijing through the Yubei Official Road.
By the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Jiaozuo area had opened coal kilns widely, there were dozens of large and small coal kilns, and the merchants from all over the world went to this place to pull coal, and there were local folk songs that sang: "Nine Yu Eighteen Ditches, Caves Like Star Buckets, Thousands of Roads of Large and Small, And Thick Of Carriages and Horses", describing the situation of coal and carbon transportation at that time.
In 1898, the British Shangfu Company obtained the privilege of "mining and iron making in the mountains north of the Yellow River left and right in Huaiqing" in Henan, and they surveyed this rich coal mine in Jiaozuo Xiuwu County, opened the Ze Coal Sheng Factory here, and began to produce coal in 1908. Henan's first modern coal mine, Jiaozuo Coal Mine, began. The British built the Daoqing Railway to transport coal, transporting coal to Xinxiang, loading it onto the trains of the Beijing-Hankou Railway, transporting it south to Wuhan and north to Kaijin. The original construction of the Biluo Railway was also to facilitate jiaozuo to transport coal to the outside world.
The British opened coal mines in Jiaozuo mainly for colonial plunder, but also promoted the development of Jiaozuo City. The modernization of the British Commercial Fu Company had a great impact on thousands of small coal kilns in the local area, and the locals had to join forces to open large companies. In 1914, the Zhongzhou Company, Yutai Company and Mingde Company jointly established the Henan Zhongyuan Coal Mine Company, which broke the monopoly situation of the British Shangfu Company and opened a new chapter in the opening of the Henan Coal Mine.
Coal mines flourished, but coal miners had a miserable life, working more than 12 hours a day. At that time, the coal kiln laneways were very low, all relying on manual back baskets to transport coal, and the back of the back often touched the rocks on the top of the kiln and the arms were ground red and swollen, and the body was strangled with blood marks, which is the so-called "eighteen layers of hell on earth, and the bottom of the eighteen layers is the miner." But the British capitalists paid the workers only meager wages and provided extremely poor food and shelter. In 1925, in response to the May Thirtieth Movement in Shanghai, the coal miners of the British Shangfu Company launched a strike, and finally forced the coal mine to agree to the conditions for the workers to resume work, and won the victory of the struggle, so Mao Zedong praised the Jiaozuo workers in "Analysis of the Classes in China" for their special ability to fight.
After the Japanese army invaded northern Henan, it carried out a frenzied plunder of the Jiaozuo coal mine, plundering nearly five million tons in seven years. In order to meet the needs of the war, the policy of "exchanging blood for coal" was promoted, and more than 10,000 workers with bayonets and leather whips were used to drive more than 10,000 workers who were inferior to cattle and horses to dig coal for them. In order to prevent the Japanese army from transporting coal, the Eighth Route Army in the Jinji-Hebei Yu Anti-Japanese Base Area repeatedly destroyed the Daoqing Railway, and even completely destroyed it at the end, so that the Japanese army could not transport coal.
After the liberation, the establishment of state-owned coal mines, the coking coal industry entered a period of development and prosperity, ushered in a large number of coal miners, the annual output of coal and carbon is more than a few million tons, urban construction has also developed rapidly, and gradually become a modern city.
Jiaozuo is one of the six anthracite coal bases in China (Beijing Jingmei Group, Jincheng Coal Industry Group, Jiaozuo Coal Industry Group, Yongcheng Coal Mining District, Shenhua ning Coal Group, Yangquan Coal Industry Group). Anthracite coal, commonly known as white or red coal, is the most coalized coal. Its fixed carbon content is high, the volatile yield is low, the density is large, the hardness is large, the ignition point is high, there is no smoke when burning, the calorific value is about 6000-6500 kcal / kg, the main applications are fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, synthetic ammonia), ceramics, manufacturing and forging and other industries. Jiaozuo coal is medium ash, low sulfur, high calorific, high fixed carbon, mechanical strength, good thermal stability of high quality anthracite coal, in the early years by the British Royal Palace to enjoy, known as "ballast".
Jiaozuo was originally a natural village, which belonged to Shanyang County during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and Xiuwu County during the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. After the establishment of the British Shangfu Company in 1898, a large number of industrial workers gathered here to form a life service area, which became the wrinkle of Jiaozuo City, and in 1910, the Qing government set up Jiaozuo Town.
Jiaozuo City was established in 1945, changed to Jiaozuo County in 1948, and reverted to Jiaozuo City in 1956, under the direct leadership of the Henan Provincial Government. In 1959, the counties of Bo'ai and Xiuwu were transferred to the leadership of Jiaozuo, in 1960 the county system was abolished and merged into Jiaozuo, and in 1961 it was restored to Xinxiang Special District. In 1982, Jiaozuo City was changed to a provincial municipality, in 1983, Bo'ai and Xiuwu were assigned to the leadership of Jiaozuo, in 1986 the five counties of Wenxian, Wuzhi, Mengxian, Jiyuan and Qinyang were assigned to the leadership of Jiaozuo City, and in 1997, Jiyuan City was directly under the leadership of the Henan Provincial Government.
Jiaozuo City now administers 4 counties and 2 cities (Qinyang City, Mengzhou City), with a population of 3.8 million people, is one of the core cities of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, and the pearl of the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains. Jiaozuo is a heavy industrial city, many mineral resources, energy, machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy, raw materials and other industrial status is outstanding, the installed capacity of electric power ranks in the forefront of Henan Province, the chemical industry is one of the 44 key chemical cities in the country, there are alumina, electrolytic aluminum and other products, the production capacity of 850,000 tons, 250,000 tons respectively.
Jiaozuo City belonged to Hanoi County during the Han and Wei Dynasties, Huaizhou and Mengzhou during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Huaiqing Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jiaozuo City is very rich in tourism resources, and the famous attractions are Yuntai Mountain 5a Scenic Area, Shennong Mountain 5a Scenic Area, and Qingtianhe 5a Scenic Area. Jiaozuo Film and Television City and Harmony Zen City 4a Scenic Area, the birthplace of Taijiquan Chenjiagou is in Chenjiagou, Wen County, Jiaozuo City.
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