Favoring the south of the Yangtze River is a shame for the Central Plains Dynasty. The Northern Expedition to the Central Plains and the return to the old capital, this is the dream of many heroes and heroes, but unfortunately few people can do it.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Ming Dynasty, the three dynasties that favored the south of the Yangtze River, each had its own characteristics. Among them, the Southern Song Dynasty was very negative about the Northern Expedition, and Zhao Gou had no intention of recovering Kaifeng and welcoming Huizong and Qinzong. Nanming, from the beginning, was infighting, and the Northern Expedition ended before it ended.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty, on the contrary, had a lot of Northern Expeditions, and the progress was not bad. For example, Zu Ti's Northern Expedition, Yin Hao's Northern Expedition, Chu Li's Northern Expedition, Huanwen's Third Northern Expedition, Xie Xuan's Northern Expedition, and Liu Yu's Second Northern Expedition are all quite exciting.
Looking at the military struggle alone, the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has a significant feature, that is, it went smoothly at first, but the results all ended in failure, or the results of the Northern Expedition were lost, and they were used as wedding dresses for others.
In 354, Huan Wen sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and Sima Xun sent troops from Yizhou and Hanzhong to attack Former Qin. In the first battle of Bailuyuan, Huan Wen defeated the main force of the Qin army, and Fu Jian retreated to Chang'an, not daring to attack easily.
The Northern Expedition was victorious, but Huan Wen did not further expand the results of the battle, nor did he cross the Weishui. In this way, Guanzhong Haoqiang didn't know what Huan Wen was going to do, and he didn't express his support for the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Huan Wen was alone.
As the grain and grass ran out, the morale of the Jin army was low, Huan Wen was counter-killed by the Qin army, and the Jin army lost more than 10,000 people. Huan Wen took thousands of households from Guanzhong and withdrew to the south of the Yangtze River to end the First Northern Expedition.
In 356, Huan Wen made the second Northern Expedition and fought a decisive battle with Yao Xiang, known as the little overlord Sun Ce. In this battle, Huan Wen won, Yao Xiang gave up Henan, fled to Guanzhong, was killed by Fu Huangmei and Fu Jian, and Yao Chang surrendered.
In the second Northern Expedition, Huan Wen recovered Luoyang, Xuchang and other vast areas of Henan. However, Huan Wen did not think about how to run the Central Plains and build an advance base to continue the Northern Expedition, but moved the people of Luoyang to Jingzhou.
With Huan Wen's move, the Jin Dynasty nominally recovered Henan, but its actual control was very weak. Soon, Murong Xianbei counterattacked, and the results of Huanwen's second Northern Expedition turned to ashes, and Henan and Hebei became the world of Xianbei people.
In 369, Huan Wen's third northern expedition once reached Yecheng. Who knows, Huan Wen hesitated, and was defeated by Murong Chui at Fangtou, almost the entire army was wiped out, and his prestige was seriously damaged.
In 383, after the Battle of Weishui, Xie An and Xie Xuan went on a northern expedition to recover Huaibei and Qingzhou. At this time, the former Qin had fallen apart, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty could have expanded its gains and captured Henan and Hebei.
However, the Eastern Jin Dynasty did not seriously manage the land it had laid, but moved the people to Jiangnan. In this way, almost all the results of Xie Xuan's Northern Expedition were "given" to Murong Chui and captured by "Hou Yan". Later, Tuoba destroyed the "Later Yan", and these areas fell into the hands of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
In 416, Liu Yu planned the Northern Expedition, with the goal of Later Qin, which was bound to take Guanzhong. In this Northern Expedition, Liu Yu made a careful choice of offensive routes, how to fight at every step, and what opponents he needed to guard against, Liu Yu did it.
After the Northern Expedition to Qin, it was necessary to pass through the territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Liu Yu also considered the attack of the Xianbei cavalry, and his grain route was in danger of being cut off. However, Liu Yu solved the problem, he counterattacked the Northern Wei Dynasty with the "Moon Formation", 3,000 infantry defeated 40,000 cavalry, and the Northern Wei Dynasty did not dare to stop the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
After Liu Yu defeated the Northern Wei Dynasty, the grain and grass of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were unimpeded, and the Northern Expedition achieved the expected goal. In this battle, Liu Yu not only destroyed Hou Qin, but also captured Guanzhong and Henan, and recovered the two capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang, which can be called a huge victory.
If you count the previous victories of the Western Expedition to Shu and the Northern Expedition to Southern Yan, the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty reached the extreme at this time. According to the Yangtze River, it controlled the south and occupied Shandong, Henan, and Guanzhong, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty already owned seven-tenths of the country's land.
Hexi "Zhuliang", Shuofang Helian is vigorous, and his strength is average. The Northern Wei Dynasty owned Shanxi and Hebei, but it was not enough to compete with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It can be said that the Eastern Jin Dynasty is very close to "Liuhe to one", but Liu Yu is too poor in "defense".
In 417, Liu Muzhi died of illness, and Liu Yu needed to return to Jiangnan to plan for the emperor. At this time, Liu Yu let his 12-year-old son Liu Yizhen sit in Guanzhong, and Wang Xiu, Wang Zhenxi, Shen Tianzi, Fu Hongzhi, Kuai En, Mao Xiuzhi and other generals were full of contradictions, which was a failure.
Liu Yizhen was young and greedy, not enough to control Guanzhong, nor could he coordinate the contradictions between the Guanzhong faction represented by Wang Zhenwei and the Beifu faction represented by Shen Tianzi. As a result, the Jin army fought with each other, and was taken advantage of by Helian Bobo, and Guanzhong fell into the hands of Hu Xia.
Guanzhong was chaotic, Liu Yu transferred Zhu Chaoshi and Zhu Lingshi brothers to Chang'an, and Luoyang, Xuchang, Huatai, Hujiao and other areas in Henan fell into the hands of the Northern Wei Dynasty. At this point, Liu Yu's achievements in the Northern Expedition "Later Qin" were lost, and he made wedding dresses for Hu Xia and the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with Huan Wen and Liu Yu's Northern Expedition being the most exciting, but the results were not preserved. How to plan the march was considered by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but how to keep the fruit, the Eastern Jin Dynasty did not think about it, or it was not well considered.
So, why is this happening? The Northern Expedition could defeat the enemy army, but could not hold the land, which was related to the special political environment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Including Huan Wen and Liu Yu, the main purpose of the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was not to regain lost territory, but to expand personal influence and then compete for the throne.
When Huan Wen and Liu Yu went on the Northern Expedition, there were too many things to consider. First of all, the gate valve does not support it, and it is impossible to preserve its strength, and it is impossible to leave the lost territory recovered by the heavy guards. Secondly, I want to be the emperor, but I am not a loyal minister, how can I believe that the guards are loyal to me?
In this way, after Huan Wen and Liu Yu won, they did not trust the guards, so they could only create contradictions between them and maintain balance, so as not to suffer themselves. For example, Liu Yu asked Shen Tianzi and Wang Zhenwei to guard Guanzhong, which is what it means. Liu Yu told Shen Tianzi: Wang Zhen is evil when Zhonghui, you are Wei Xuan.
Huan Wen and Liu Yu were courtiers, and the Northern Expedition was to change the dynasty. Once the military is going well, it will be good
Just accept it, and then go back to Jiangnan to prepare to be the emperor. Once the Northern Expedition departed, the recovered land quickly fell into the hands of others.
It can be said that the failure of the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was not a military defeat, not that the Jin army could not fight, but a power game. The weak imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the strong gate valve were the key to the failure to hold the results of the Northern Expedition. Imagine, if the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the same power as Zhu Yuanzhang, and Huan Wen and Liu Yu were ordered to go out on the expedition and concentrate on fighting, the Central Plains would have been recovered long ago.