The earliest of the Three Masters of the Han Dynasty was Zhang Liang, but he was not famous for the schemes he excelled at, but for planning the assassination of Qin Shi Huang in Bolangsha in the twenty-ninth year of the First Emperor (218 BC). The assassination failed because he did not understand Qin Shi Huang's car, and Zhang Liang was later found to be the mastermind, so he was wanted by the Qin Dynasty and made him famous all over the world.
Why did Zhang Liang assassinate Qin Shi Huang?
Patriot Zhang Liang
Zhang Liang was born in the Zhang family, a great nobleman in Korea, and his father and grandfather were the Xiangguo of the Five Dynasties Han King, so Zhang Liang had a vendetta against Qin Shi Huang to destroy the country. Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and unified the world, and the descendants of the Six Kingdoms had many enemies of the Qin State, but they were intimidated by Qin's power to sweep away the homeland like a whirlwind of clouds, and they did not dare to make any rash moves, and those who actively restored the country, such as Xiang Liang, only dared to carry out some activities in secret.
During the lifetime of Qin Shi Huang, only Zhang Liang dared to take action to avenge the country among the descendants of the Six Kingdoms, which shows how deep his feelings for his homeland are. However, it was Zhang Liang, who loved his motherland, who 'betrayed' his homeland when Xiang Chu was three years old.
Li Shi zhi
The third year of Xiang Chu is also called the third year of Han, and the Qin calendar begins with October as the beginning and September as the end of the year, so this period is a period of one year between 205 BC and 204 BC. Since the Chronicle of History does not indicate the specific month in which the event occurred, we do not know what year it occurred.
At that time, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu confronted each other in Xingyang, and Xiang Yu was worthy of being a god of war, and he led the Chu army to repeatedly defeat the Han army, which made the Han army suffer heavy losses. Although the Han army had such a logistical genius as Xiao He in the back, the huge war consumption also made Liu Bang feel breathless.
No, Liu Bang was defeated by Xiang Yu again and was besieged in Xingyang City. Just when Liu Bang was frowning, Gao Yang's drunkard Li Shiqi came to Liu Bang, and he offered a plan to Liu Bang, who was troubled.
"The soup was cut down, and then it was sealed." King Wu (武王) cut down the silk and sealed him later in the Song Dynasty. Now Qin lost virtue and abandoned righteousness, invaded the princes, and destroyed the Six Kingdoms, leaving no place to stand. His Majesty is sincerely able to restore the Six Kingdoms in the afterlife, and bi has been sealed, so that his monarchs and people will wear the virtues of His Majesty, and they will not be the same as concubines. Virtue and righteousness have been carried out, His Majesty Nanxiang is hegemonic, and Chu will be in a downward spiral. ”
This sentence is simply that Li Shiqi assured Liu Bang that as long as you divide the six kingdoms as kings, they will definitely rise up and attack Xiang Yu's rear, and then Xiang Chu will help you destroy it without you having one soldier and one soldier.
Liu Bang, who felt helpless, listened to Li Shiqi's words like catching a life-saving straw, so he did not have time to think about it and immediately ordered the engraving, and after carving it, he sent it down to divide the descendants of the six kingdoms as kings.
Liu Bang, who was intimidated
After Li Shiqi left, Liu Bang's mind calmed down a little, he pondered Li Shiqi's strategy, and he always felt that something was not quite right, but he was exhausted and could not think for a moment what was wrong. Just at this time, Zhang Liang reported something to Liu Bang, so Liu Bang relayed to Zhang Liang li about Li Zhiqi's plan, and he wanted to understand Zhang Liang's views.
Zhang Liang was shocked and unceremoniously asserted: "Who gave you this idea!" If you do, then the trend is over! ”
Liu Bang was anxious when he heard this, and quickly asked Zhang Liang what was wrong with this plan.
When Liu Bang asked this question, he left a famous piece of shocking cannon in the "Records of History".
Shang Tang dared to seal Xia Jie's descendant Yu Qidi because he was sure that he could defeat Xia Jie, Liu Bang, are you sure that you can defeat Xiang Yu?
No.
King Wu of Zhou divided the descendants of Shang Yi in Song Land because he was able to take down Shang's head, Liu Bang, can you take Xiang Yu's head?
After King Wu of Zhou entered the song, he praised the sages of the Shang Dynasty, erected a monument in the alley where Shang Rong lived to honor his loyalty, and released the Jizi imprisoned by the King of Shang, and sacrificed him to the tomb of Bigan Xiuyao. Liu Bang, can you now draw gourds like this and do the same thing in Pengcheng, the capital of Xiangchu?
King Wu of Zhou could take out the grain that the King of Shang had hoarded in Juqiao and the money hidden in Lutaili to help the poor, and Liu Bang could you take out the money and grain in the Treasury of Pengcheng Province to help the poor?
King Wu of Zhou dared to put all the soldiers' weapons into the arsenal, Liu Bang, can you do this?
King Wu of Zhou sent the horses towing chariots to the south of Mount Hua to recuperate, can Liu Bang do the same?
King Wu of Zhou could put the cattle transporting grain and grass into the peach forest to eat grass, and they no longer needed to transport grain and grass to the front line, Liu Bang, could you give such an order?
Many of these people who followed Liu Bang to fight in the world were people from the Six Kingdoms, and they left their hometowns to follow you in order to establish meritorious deeds and obtain fiefdoms to protect their descendants. Once the six kingdoms were restored, the monarchs of these six countries would directly distribute their land to them and let them return to serve in the country. If they all leave you, how can you fight for the world? If you really use this strategy, Xiang Yu will certainly be finished, but aren't you Liu Bang also finished?
Zhang Liang finally made a summary after shaking Liu Bang seven times.
Liu Bang was a very clever man, and after hearing the scolding of Li Shiqi, he quickly ordered someone to destroy all the six king seals that were still being engraved.
The harm of sub-sealing
Li Shiqi's idea for Liu Bang was simply to divide the seals, divide the harm of a bunch of kings, and the closest example to us is the Balance of Heaven. After Hong Xiuquan's civil unrest in Tianjing, in order to avoid his generals sitting on the throne, he divided up a bunch of kings, and the number of kings who were sealed was so many that they had to check the history books to find strange characters later. As a result, because the taiping army was a king, no one was willing to listen to anyone's dispatches, but it led to the accelerated decline of the Taiping Heavenly Civil Strife.
Moreover, the matter of crowning the king had already been done by Xiang Yu when he was in Xianyang two years ago. As a result, the kings he had divided into followed Liu Bang into Pengcheng. Li Shiqi will revisit the old matter, and the consequences will be Xiang Yu has already demonstrated very clearly. However, Xiang Yu would also be crowned king because of his lack of strength, and he had to admit the territory of these earth snakes.
Zhang Liang analyzed the harm of Li Shiqi's strategy for Liu Bang, so the fate of Li Shiqi who proposed this strategy was doomed.
When Han Xin attacked qi and the two sides were deadlocked, Li Yiqi offered to persuade qi to surrender, and Liu Bang ostensibly agreed, but he did not inform Han Xin of this matter. Han Xin did not know until he received a letter from Li Shiqi that Li Shiqi had been sent by Liu Bang to persuade the State of Qi to surrender. Han Xin understood Liu Bang's intentions under the reminder of Qu Tong, and he took advantage of the opportunity of the Qi army to relax its vigilance after learning that Han Qi had reached a peace agreement, and in one fell swoop defeated the main force of the Qi army that was unguarded!
Receiving the news, the King of Qi, who felt that he had been deceived by Li Shiqi, angrily cooked Li Zhiqi. Li Zhiqi is smart, but unfortunately he does not understand the general trend. Once the State of Qi was taken down by Han Xin, the general trend of the world was determined.
So what does Liu Bang want you to eat with this mouth?
Cunning rabbit dead lackey cooking.
Hidden history
Looking through the "Records of History", you will find a very interesting thing, whether it is Li Shiqi or Zhang Liang, they all have a common feature under Liu Bang's account. That is, they don't have any specific positions, what does this mean?
This shows that they are all Keqing, not Liu Bang's subordinates. This is most evident to Zhang Liang, who did not hold any official positions in the Han Dynasty even after the establishment of the Han Dynasty.
The history books say that Zhang Liang loves Huang Laozhi and does not want to be an official, in fact, this is all a cover-up. The fundamental reason why Zhang Liang did not come out was to avoid suspicion, Zhang Liang did not serve as an official of the Han Dynasty, and behind Li Zhiqi's death, there was a political group that was deliberately erased by the official files of the Han Dynasty.
This is the Group of Sons of the Six Kingdoms, the descendants of nobles of the Six Kingdoms such as Zhang Liang, a political group they formed in the early Han Dynasty.
For this group, the Han Dynasty officials were very taboo. Therefore, Sima Qian's "Records of History" basically did not explicitly mention the actions of the sons of the Six Kingdoms in the Han Dynasty except for this time when Li Shiqi proposed to become king after dividing the Six Kingdoms. However, from the process of Li Shiqi's defection to Liu Bang, we can generally deduce the important role of this clique in the establishment of the Han Dynasty.
Liu Bang sealed the chu yi emperor's order to march west to Xianyang, at first he wanted to enter Xianyang from Hangu Pass (actually Tong Pass), so he went north to collect Zhang Chu's defeated troops and captured many strongholds outside Luoyang, judging from Liu Bang's actions that he wanted to capture Luoyang as a base for attacking Hangu Pass. However, in a battle outside Luoyang, he was defeated and lost, and the defeated soldiers of Zhang Chu were basically scattered.
At this moment, Li Shiqi came to the door, and the "Records of History" said that under the encouragement of his three-inch tongue, the counties and counties of the Qin State fell without a fight, which made Liu Bang's strength soar. However, it is not difficult to infer from Han San's move to divide the sons of the Six Kingdoms, in fact, the reason why Liu Bang suddenly became so smooth must have reached an alliance agreement with the children of the Six Kingdoms through Li Shiqi's matchmaking, so the counties around Wuguan controlled by the children of the Six Kingdoms were all thrown to Liu Bang.
It was with the help of the sons of the Six Kingdoms that Liu Bang was able to successfully break through the Qin army's defensive line from the direction of Wuguan in the south of Xianyang and preemptively enter Guanzhong. It can be said that the Han Dynasty was able to be established precisely by relying on the support of these children of the Six Kingdoms. However, these children of the Six Kingdoms are very unreliable, especially Liu Bang's humble origins, which makes the children of the Six Kingdoms look down on Liu Bang in their hearts.
The reason why Liu Bang did not dare to fight Xiang Yu in Guanzhong was because he was afraid that once the war began, these children of the Six Kingdoms would rebel against the water. And Liu Bang's opponent Xiang Yu also knew the nature of these wall-headed grasses, most of his coalition forces were also these Six Kingdoms disciples, and the reason why he would let Liu Bang leave at the Hongmen Banquet was also because he had no bottom in his mind about which side these Six Kingdoms disciples would choose.
In fact, the Hongmen Banquet was that Liu Bang and Xiang Yu tacitly performed a play for these children of the Six Kingdoms. They understood that if they fought in Guanzhong, they would only cheapen these children of the Six Kingdoms.
Later facts also proved that their choice was correct.
For example, after Xiang Yu was divided, the sons of the Six Kingdoms who originally relied on Liu Bang went back to their homes to find their mothers, and when Liu Bang went to Hanzhong, the original 100,000 troops were only accompanied by 20,000 people. When Liu Bang went to dig xiang Yu's nest in Pengcheng, these children of the Six Kingdoms all followed Liu Bang to fight the water dogs.
These children of the Six Kingdoms have made great contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, such as Han Xin and Zhang Liang in the Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty, who are all children of the Six Kingdoms, but these Children of the Six Kingdoms are also hidden dangers of the Han Dynasty.
For example, the above-mentioned Han Sannian Li Shiqi offered advice, and Li Shiqi said that he was giving Advice to Liu Bang, but combined with the background at that time, it was more like the Six Kingdoms disciples group taking advantage of Liu Bang's dangerous situation to blackmail Liu Bang into submission and force him to agree to the restoration of the Six Kingdoms!
I'm afraid that this incident is not as simple as recorded in the "Records of History", and it is likely that this is a persecution of Liu Bang by the children of the Six Kingdoms!
Li Shiqi, as a representative of the sons of the Six Kingdoms, went to talk to Liu Bang about the conditions, and in doing so, he put himself on the opposite side of the Han Dynasty regime that inherited the great unification system of the Qin Dynasty.
Self-inflicted wounds
Zhang Liang, as a vassal of Liu Bang, explained to Liu Bang in this incident that the harm of the division of the seal was his due righteousness. But it was Li Shiqi who proposed this strategy, the sons of the Six Kingdoms like Zhang Liang, who supposedly belonged to the same political group.
Therefore, Zhang Liang explained to Liu Bang the disadvantages of lishiqi's strategy for the Han Dynasty, which was undoubtedly to declare that he had drawn a clear line with the sons of the Six Kingdoms, officially betrayed his identity as a Korean disciple, and positioned himself as a han dynasty citizen.
It is probably not a coincidence that Li Shiqi walked on his front foot, and Zhang Liang ran to Liu Bang on the back foot.
This incident of dividing the Six Kingdoms was a watershed in the lives of Zhang Liang and Li Shi, after which Zhang Liang was regarded as a confidant by Liu Bang, and the Zhang family was later favored in the Han Dynasty. Since Li Zhiqi insisted on being the representative of the sons of the Six Kingdoms, he had already stood against Liu Bang's plan for unification, and naturally Liu Bang wanted to use him to kill a hundred people.
However, Li Shiqi did not seem to perceive the change in Liu Bang's attitude towards him, or because he was too crazy, so even if he was aware of it, he did not take it seriously. Therefore, when Han Xin attacked the State of Qi, he jumped out again and proposed that he should go to persuade the State of Qi to surrender.
Why was Li Shiqi so active in persuading the State of Qi to surrender?
Negotiations are to ensure strength, but the BUG of Bing Xian Han Xin is too cattle, and within a year, Zhao, Wei, Han, and Yan have all been cleaned up. Although the State of Qi was strong, but Han Xin was even more demon, if the State of Qi was taken down by Han Xin again, then Xiang Chu would not have a few days to jump. If the world is unified, what else will the children of the Six Kingdoms have to do to negotiate with Liu Bang?
At this time, Li Yiqi was busy jumping out, saying that he was taking the State of Qi without bloodshed for Liu Bangbing, but in fact he was worried that the State of Qi would be destroyed again, and the sons of the Six Kingdoms would have no chips to negotiate with Liu Bang. Seeing that Li Shiqi was against himself, Liu Bang did not take the opportunity to borrow Han Xin's hand to get rid of Li Shiqi, then he would not be called Liu Bang.
Li Shiqi went to the State of Qi to say that he was persuaded to surrender, in fact, he went to contact the State of Qi to support the sons of the Six Kingdoms. Li Zhiqi's own people came to 'persuade them to surrender', and of course Qi Guo would agree.
But how could Liu Bang not see Li Shiqi's careful thinking?
Didn't this make Han Xin boil Qi Guo and Li Yi in one pot?
Li Shiqi is looking for his own death, and he can't blame anyone.
The battle continues
However, the contest between the sons of the Six Kingdoms and Liu Bang did not end because of Li Zhiqi's death. Before the Battle of Xiaxia, Liu Bang had another contest with the sons of the Six Kingdoms, and this contest was based on Liu Bang's compromise and sealing Han Xin and others as kings, in exchange for the sons of the Six Kingdoms cooperating with him to destroy Xiang Chu.
With Xiang Chu destroyed, the enemy's enemy disappeared, then the enemy was the enemy. Liu Bang immediately attacked the sons of the Six Kingdoms and directly seized the military power of Han Xin, the king of Qi. However, the forces of the sons of the Six Kingdoms were very strong, and liu Bang, who was so clever, naturally would not immediately poke this honeycomb, so he turned Han Xin into the King of Chu and waited for the opportunity.
Liu Bang called the emperor's series of wars to eliminate kings with different surnames the third war to unify the world after Qin Shi Huang and Han Xin, and Liu Bang's opponents in this war were the sons of the Six Kingdoms. Of those kings with different surnames that Liu Bang had divided, only one of the changsha kings, Wu Rui, was not expelled. And this Wu Rui is from Baiyue, obviously he can escape Liu Bang's purge, and his origin is an important factor.
Because Liu Bang's series of conquests after the establishment of the Han Dynasty were all aimed at the sons of the Six Kingdoms, this made Zhang Liang, who was also a disciple of the Six Kingdoms, in an embarrassing situation. To help Liu Bang make a plan is to kill his own worldly friends, so he simply does not come out to help each other.
After a series of hot-handed suppressions by Liu Bang, the forces of the Sons of the Six Kingdoms were completely suppressed and could no longer turn over the big waves.
Why did Zhang Liang rebel
So why did Zhang Liang have such a huge change in concept?
Qin Shi Huang single-handedly created an unprecedented empire, allowing the ancestors of the Chinese nation to see a magnificent picture that had never been seen before. However, the greatest achievement of Qin Shi Huang's unification was not to create an unprecedented empire, but to show the Chinese nation a heavenly avenue standing tall among the nations of the world.
The impact on the outstanding literati of the Chinese nation was enormous, and their ideological concepts also underwent earth-shaking changes. Although Zhang Liang single-handedly planned Bolangsha to stab Qin Shi Huang, he became a firm supporter of the great unification theory pioneered by Qin Shi Huang. This made him betray his origin without hesitation and throw himself into the great cause of the reunification of the Chinese nation.
And stubborn conservative elements like Li Shiqi, who are desperately defending the interests of the nobles of the old six countries and constantly challenging the process of great unification, no matter how they are calculated, will eventually be crushed by the giant wheel of the times.