In 1928, the Japanese Kwantung Army created the Huanggutun Incident that shocked the world, and the warlord Zhang Zuolin was killed. Zhang Xueliang, who bore the hatred of the country and the family, knew that the strength of the Northeast Army alone could not compete with the Japanese Kou, so he chose the Northeast YiZhi and attached himself to Chiang Kai-shek.
After Zhang Xueliang chose to defect to Chiang Kai-shek, he has always been loyal and full of hopes that Chiang Kai-shek can help him recover the northeast and avenge his father.
After the September 18 Incident in 1931, Chiang Kai-shek ordered him not to resist and withdraw to Guannei. Zhang Xue's conscience was dissatisfied, but for the sake of the overall situation, he chose to be patient for the time being.
In the autumn of 1935, after a strategic shift of 25,000 miles, the Central Red Army arrived at the revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi and gradually created the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
On October 2, 1935, Chiang Kai-shek set up a special headquarters for the suppression of bandits in Xi'an, and ordered Zhang Xueliang to be the deputy commander of the bandits, commanding 200,000 northeast troops to encircle and suppress the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region.
At this time, Zhang Xueliang only wanted to fight back to the northeast, and the snow country was humiliated and revenge. The 200,000 soldiers of the Northeast Army who followed him out of the customs also missed their hometown and were reluctant to fight a civil war.
However, the Northeast Army, which had lost its territory, was completely paid by the Nanjing government, and if it did not follow Chiang Kai-shek's orders, the result would inevitably be to cut off pay and grain, and Zhang Xueliang had no choice but to send his troops to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region.
The Northeast Army was defeated in three wars and three battles, and the Northeast Army, which had no intention of fighting again, simply confronted the Red Army in an armistice, and later the Red Army signed the "Anti-Japanese National Salvation Agreement" with the Northeast Army.
This greatly annoyed Chiang Kai-shek, who dismissed the two divisions of the Northeast Army as a punishment and personally went to Xi'an to take command.
On October 22, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek's special plane arrived in Xi'an, and he immediately asked Zhang Xueliang to attack the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. Zhang Xueliang did not listen, but instead advised Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war, abandon the policy that foreign countries must first be at home, and unanimously actively resist Japan externally. The two were not happy with each other, and they had a very unpleasant quarrel.
Not long after, the anti-Japanese movement broke out throughout the country, and public opinion throughout the country entered the climax of the anti-Japanese resistance. The call of the soldiers of the Northeast Army who lost their homes to return to their hometowns has become louder and louder, which has made Zhang Xueliang even more firm in his belief in the imminent need to resist Japan.
Zhang Xueliang constantly submitted anti-Japanese petitions to Chiang Kai-shek to show his heart, but chiang kai-shek refused. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was busy formulating the sixth "encirclement and suppression" plan, and decided to announce the battle order on December 12, 1936.
Hundreds of thousands of elite Kuomintang troops have already assembled at Tongguan, a large number of fighters and bombers have also been deployed to xi'an airfield, and the clouds of war have hung over northern Shaanxi.
On December 11, Zhang Xueliang once again took the anti-Japanese petition to Huaqingchi to meet Chiang Kai-shek. Please weep blood in the words of the battle book, and the sincerity of the attitude and the urgency of the mood jump on the paper. The reply that can be obtained is still that the time is not yet ripe, and it is time to encircle and suppress the Red Army with all our might.
Zhang Xueliang was filled with grief and indignation, and said indignantly:
"After the fall of the northeast, north China has ceased to exist in name only. Recently, Suiyuan has returned to the emergency, and the survival of the country and the nation has reached the final critical juncture of life and death. The non-war of resistance is not enough to save the dead, not to stop the civil war, and the unity of the whole country is not enough to resist Japan. Continuing to suppress the Communist Party is by no means the way out. At present, the war of resistance against Japan is the first major issue, and the problem of the Red Army can be solved by political methods, and only by uniting with the outside world can we be at home, and once we resist Japan, we can be unified. The Northeast Army is a man who has lost his homeland and lost his family, and the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of the officers and men can no longer be suppressed; I have always been loyal to the chairman of the committee; at the time of the life and death of the country and the nation, I cannot but argue on the basis of reason, and I hope that the chairman of the committee will carefully consider it. ”
When Chiang Kai-shek heard this, he was furious and reprimanded him in a loud voice:
"Nonsense, suppression of bandits' is a national policy! What do you know? Resist Japan, resist Japan, when I die, you will go to Japan again! ”
Chiang Kai-shek's attitude made Zhang Xueliang very disappointed, full of resentment and nowhere to vent, and could only "bang" the door and leave.
That night, Zhang Xueliang and the like-minded Yang Hucheng discussed countermeasures together, and the two agreed that only "military advice" could force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, although it was a dangerous move, it was also the last resort. The two discussed until late at night, and a detailed and thoughtful plan was formed.
Chiang Kai-shek lived in Huaqingchi's brigade that day, and the guards in the row were all close associates brought by Chiang Kai-shek from Nanjing, about 30 people. The sentry posts outside Huaqing Pond were guarded by gendarmes, and the number of people was only a few dozen.
The outskirts of Huaqingchi were garrisoned by Zhang Xueliang's first battalion of guards, and the battalion commander was Zhang Xueliang's beloved general Wang Yuzhen. Zhang Xueliang's residence in Xi'an was garrisoned by the second battalion of the guards, and the battalion commander was Sun Mingjiu. The two key figures who carried out the task of "catching Chiang Kai-shek" were these two.
Born in 1896 in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, Wang Yuzhan joined the Northeast Army at the age of 18, and was later selected to study in the 9th phase of the Northeast Martial Arts Academy. Because of his strong physique and bravery in battle, he was taken by Zhang Xueliang and transferred to his side to serve as a guard.
Wang Yuzhen served in the army during Zhang Zuolin's reign in the Northeast Army, and Zhang Xueliang was naturally very important to such a loyal battlefield veteran, and later gradually became one of Zhang Xueliang's confidants, often accompanying him.
Born in 1909 to an ordinary family in Xinmin County, Liaoning Province, Sun Mingjiu joined the Northeast Army in 1927.
After returning from his studies, Sun Mingjiu served as an instructor in Tianjin and trained the army. In 1931, he was favored by Zhang Xueliang, who was passing through Tianjin, and transferred him to work next to him, successively serving as a confidential retinue, a military staff officer, and a guard battalion commander.
In July 1936, in order to cultivate anti-Japanese forces, Zhang Xueliang established the "Anti-Japanese Comrades Association" in the Northeast Army, whose members were mainly young officers, and Sun Mingjiu was one of the backbones.
Sun Mingjiu had strong military ability, a tenacious personality, a strong flesh and blood, and was very hostile to Japanese imperialism, and had always supported Zhang Xueliang's anti-Japanese ideas, was loyal to him, and was one of Zhang Xueliang's confidants.
Late at night, Zhang Xueliang summoned the two to the study, assigned them specific tasks, and ordered them to cooperate closely and invite Chairman Jiang into the city, and he must live and must not harm him.
The two looked at Zhang Xueliang's firm eyes and immediately replied to ensure the completion of the task. Zhang Xueliang looked at the two of them and said deeply, "Tomorrow, I don't know if you die or I die, so we must be mentally prepared." ”
Since ancient times, it is difficult for those who "advise soldiers" to have a good end, and Chiang Kai-shek is definitely the last helpless move. It can be seen that Zhang Xueliang has a cognition of this, and he also holds the mentality of death and finally fights.
The two beloved generals did not hesitate at all about Zhang Xueliang's order to make a dangerous move, and they also put life and death aside without hesitation.
At about 2:00 a.m. on the 12th, Wang Yuzhan arrived at the outskirts of Huaqingchi by car and deployed the task to his company platoon commander. Some people stayed on the outskirts of Huaqing Pond, forbidding anyone to enter or leave, and arresting anyone who escaped from inside, while some people followed them on the task of "catching Jiang.". They were ordered to carry out the operation simultaneously with the sound of three gunshots.
Sun Mingjiu also returned to the second battalion of the guard, selected 50 commandos, took on key assault tasks, and quietly rushed to Huaqingchi with him.
At 5:00 a.m., Wang Yuzhan fired the gunfire of the action, and led more than 300 people from the infantry company and the cavalry company to attack the Five Halls of Huaqingchi, and it took little effort to solve the gendarmes on the periphery.
However, at the place of the second gate of Huaqingchi, it encountered a fierce counterattack from Chiang Kai-shek's personal bodyguards, and at this time, the commando team led by Sun Mingjiu also rushed to the battlefield and joined the battle.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was awakened by the sound of gunfire outside the gate, and he knew that the big thing was not good, and he did not even have time to change his clothes, so he jumped off the wall with his nephew Jiang Xiaozhen and ran towards Lishan Mountain with his pajamas.
Not long after, Wang Yuzan and Sun Mingjiu rushed into the five halls with people, but they did not find any trace of Chiang Kai-shek, saw that their clothes and clothes were still in the bedroom, and concluded that Chiang Kai-shek did not run far.
After a brief discussion between the two, Wang Yuzan led people to search from the left side to Lishan Mountain, and Sun Mingjiu led people to search from the right side.
At 6 a.m., at the foot of the left side of Mount Li, about 500 meters from the Five Halls, a battalion of fighters spotted Chiang Kai-shek huddled in the weeds. The two teams immediately converged and escorted Chiang Kai-shek to Xi'an.
The Xi'an Incident caught all parties unprepared, and with the active mediation of Premier Zhou, the Xi'an Incident was finally resolved peacefully, and Chiang Kai-shek left Xi'an unharmed after agreeing to stop the civil war and prepare for the War of Resistance.
However, Chiang Kai-shek hated Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to the bone, and it was not long before he detained Zhang Xueliang in Nanjing and secretly arrested Yang Hucheng in Nanchang.
After learning that Zhang Xueliang was under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, the generals of the Northeast Army divided into two factions, one led by Wang Yizhe, a senior general of the Northeast Army, who advocated the rescue of Zhang Xueliang through political negotiation, and the other, a young officer with Sun Mingjiu as the mainstay, who advocated saving Zhang by force.
Sun Mingjiu believes that political negotiation is submission, and only by using force can Zhang Xueliang be rescued. In the leaderless Northeast Army, the two factions could not reach an agreement on political views, and the situation was like water and fire.
On February 2, 1937, the generals of the two sides clashed again, and the impulsive Sun Mingjiu shot and killed Wang Yizhe, a senior general of the Northeast Army, in anger, resulting in the "Two-Two Incident" in which relatives and enemies were happy.
In this incident, it was difficult for young officers to gain command of the army, and they were defeated in just one day, and Sun Mingjiu also became the focus of punishment, and many senior generals of the Northeast Army unanimously demanded that Sun Mingjiu be the king to pay for his life.
Sun Mingjiu, who had calmed down, also realized his mistake, but it was too late to say anything.
On February 4, under the mediation of Zhou Enlai, Sun Mingjiu and other young Zhuang sent officers into the Soviet zone to temporarily take shelter. After Wang Yizhe's death, no one in the Northeast Army was able to preside over the overall situation, and many army division commanders fell to the Nanjing government, and with Chiang Kai-shek's suppression, the Northeast Army quickly disintegrated.
Under the pressure of all parties, Sun Mingjiu could not stay in the Soviet area for a long time, and it was not long before he began his own exile again.
After the July 7 Incident, the War of Resistance broke out in an all-round way, and Sun Mingjiu, a meritorious person who contributed to the establishment of the united front, ended up in a situation where he had nowhere to go.
Sun Mingjiu first defected to his friends in the Tianjin Concession, and then took refuge in the Shanghai Concession. Nowadays, the Soviet district cannot stay, and the Nanjing government will not let him go, and for a time, Sun Mingjiu has reached the point of being cornered.
In 1943, in order to survive, Sun Mingjiu, penniless, defected to the Wang Jingwei government, and successively served as a military attaché of the Wang government and a special commissioner of Fu'an in northern Henan, becoming a traitor hated by everyone.
After the victory of the War of Resistance, Sun Mingjiu once again reached a cornered situation, and had no choice but to turn to the Kuomintang again, and was later captured in the campaign to liberate Harbin, and finally ended his life of exile and escape.
After the founding of New China, the question of Sun Mingjiu's line was also put on the table, and after examination, Sun Mingjiu did not do anything to betray the country and seek glory or massacre compatriots during the Wang puppet government.
During the review period, Sun Mingjiu also actively cooperated and sincerely admitted his mistakes. The people's government did not deny Sun Mingjiu's contribution, and after careful consideration, the government concluded to him: "After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, due to special historical conditions, I was forced to take a detour in my livelihood. ”
Sun Mingjiu, who was demobilized and returned to the field, did not idle at home, but held a series of positions in Shanghai, and was also elected as a member of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, shining for the construction of new China.
Sun Mingjiu and Zhang Xueliang's relationship is very close, and the two have not seen each other since the Xi'an Incident. 55 years later, in 1991, Zhang Xueliang was asked in an interview with reporters who he most wanted to see now. Zhang Xueliang replied without hesitation: "Sun Mingjiu." ”
And Sun Mingjiu also missed the young marshal Zhang Xueliang all the time, and when he saw Zhang Xueliang's image on TV, he unconsciously recalled the history of the ups and downs, and the tears could not stop flowing down.
In the early morning of April 8, 2000, Sun Mingjiu died of illness at the age of 92. Looking back at the life of this hero who "caught Chiang Kai-shek", from a bloody general who was bent on resisting Japan to a homeless person who was cornered, from acting as a traitor for his livelihood, to admitting mistakes and correcting mistakes after his new life, his life was tortuous and bumpy, with ups and downs.
Three more dreams in life, a thousand miles of west wind and a goose mourning. A grain of dust of the times, falling on a person is a big mountain.