"Monument to the Anti-Japanese Soldiers of the Sichuan Army". On July 7, 1944, it was erected inside the gate of the old East Gate of Chengdu
One
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, more than 3.5 million Sichuan troops were present in the Sichuan War of Resistance
More than 640,000 casualties were inflicted
（
263991 killed, 356267 wounded and 26,025 missing
）。 The number of sichuan troops participating in the battle and the tragic sacrifices ranked first in the country.
The Sichuan Army here refers to the Sichuan generals in the entire National Revolutionary Army, not just the original warlord armed Sichuan Army.
Why did the Sichuan army sacrifice so much?
Three reasons:
1. The number of soldiers is large
According to the figures released by He Yingqin, minister of military affairs of the National Government, the conscription of a province in Sichuan, regardless of the quota and the amount of actual conscription, accounts for about 1/5 of the total amount of the country.
Ranked first in the country
; There are about 150,000 young intellectuals registered in the military, and there are more than 40,000 people in Sichuan Province.
。 Less than 10 people in the national anti-Japanese army were Sichuanese, so the Chinese army had a saying called
"No river, no army"
。
Due to the large number of soldiers, the number of sacrifices is also large.
2. The fiery impulsive personality created by the regional characteristics of Sichuan
A large number of soldiers does not necessarily mean that they are not afraid of death. During the liberation war, a large number of Sichuan soldiers quickly laid down their weapons to become liberation fighters, and during the civil war, Sichuan soldiers could not be said to be afraid of death. At that time, the Sichuan Army did not perform well in fighting the Red Army, that is
"Civil War Layman"
History.
However, once they encountered a national war and a foreign war, the Sichuan soldiers were brave and fearless of death, exposing the fiery and impulsive side of the Sichuan people's personality.
Most people think of Sichuan, that is, the land of the Chengdu Plain is rich in fertility and rich in products, and it has been called the country of Tianfu since ancient times. The people who lived there, mainly peasants, should enjoy the agricultural life of sunrise and sunset like the people of the northern plains.
But don't forget that Sichuan is a basin, and the Chengdu Plain is surrounded by lofty mountains. Moreover, Sichuan, also known as Bashu, is composed of the state of Ba and the state of Shu. Historically, the Cuban state believes in divination, advocates witchcraft, the folk customs are simple and natural, and the expression of emotions is straightforward.
It has a bold and straightforward cultural personality
From ancient times until the 1980s, from Yibin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to Yichang in Hubei Province called the Chuan River, there was no road and railway along the river. The cargo flows through the Sichuan River into the River and out of the river all by wooden boats. By 1899, the number of wooden boats on the Chuanjiang River was as high as 2,900, totaling 100,000 tons, and there were tens of thousands of shipwrights and sailors.
Although Li Bai's poem is very comfortable, "Between the clouds of the White Emperor, a thousand miles of Jiangling returns one day." The apes on both sides of the strait could not stop crying, and the light boat had already passed through the Ten Thousand Heavy Mountains.
But before there was no Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River, it was extremely dangerous to sail in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. If you had visited the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River before the Three Gorges Dam was built, you should have known that the pile in front of the bellows gorge did not know how many wooden boats that fell down the river were smashed. The gorge is full of whirlpools and flows at a very fast speed, and the danger of these male sailors driving wooden boats is no less than that of sailors at sea.
It is impossible for a wooden boat to return from downstream to upstream to count on the sails, and it must be pulled up step by step by the porter. The personality of the Chuandong people created by this difficult living environment is naturally very different from the personality of the people who are safe and stable.
The western part of Sichuan is called Chuanxi, which previously existed as a provincial administrative region of Xikang for 16 years, where the Yi, Tibetan, Qiang, and Han ethnic groups are mixed, and the Sichuan people living in these places are different from those in the Chengdu Plain and the Mountains of Chongqing.
To put it simply, the personality of Chengdu people may be more peaceful, and the personality of people in Chongqing and the original Eastern Sichuan area is much more straightforward and fiery, and a sentence of folk style in western Sichuan is enough.
In fact, there are many places in China that have their own humble attributes, such as Gansu, which is mixed with the northern nomads, and the people of Guangxi Hunan and Yiwu, Zhejiang during the Ming Dynasty, also produced people who were not afraid of death.
Therefore, Sichuan people have the characteristics of optimism and hard-working in their personalities on the one hand, and if they stimulate the bloodiness hidden in their bones on the other hand, then Sichuan soldiers and enemy soldiers in foreign wars are really immortal.
3. The culture of the robe brother and the culture of the pier also have an impact
In 1947, Li Mufeng published in the previous article of the 12th issue of "Tea Talk", "A Brief Discussion on sichuan's "Brother Robe"", which recorded that
During the Republic of China period, almost two-thirds of Sichuan's population joined the PaoGe organization
。 In many places, some families even drag their families to join the Pao Brothers organization.
The Brotherhood organization has a unique gang culture, one of which is to pay attention to righteousness.
The most famous sentence is called
"Brother Robs never pull thin ribbons"
The meaning of this sentence is that the temperament of the Sichuan-Chongqing people is straight, and it is not two to say one thing.
When this is placed in a war, it is to rush and rush, to kill the ball, to be afraid of a hammer!
With the above three reasons, in the face of national righteousness, Sichuan soldiers naturally dare to charge and kill the enemy without fear of sacrifice!
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wang Zhicheng, the father of Wang Jiantang, a young man in Qushan Town, An County, sent a flag for the expedition, which was the famous "Dead Character Banner"!
When the father only wants his son to be loyal to the "national division"! How can a son be greedy for life and afraid of death?
Two
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, it was still Sichuan soldiers who sacrificed the most!
A total of 171669 volunteer soldiers were killed in China, and the following are the places of origin:
Sichuan 30,789
Shandong 19685
Jilin 18260
Liaoning 13374
Hunan 10687
Henan 10673
Hebei 10,155
Heilongjiang 8222
Jiangsu 7268 people
Shanxi 5835
Hubei 5167
Anhui 4151
3732 in Zhejiang
Guangdong 3186
Guangxi 2915
Shaanxi 2802
Guizhou 2799
Jiangxi 2162
1683 in Inner Mongolia
Shanghai 1634
Yunnan 1482
Beijing 1438
Gansu 1041
Fujian 982
Tianjin 461
61 in Xinjiang
Qinghai 48
Tibet had not yet been liberated and there was no record of participating in the war.
This figure is based on statistics that have been repeatedly proofread by the Civil Affairs Department, including the number of deaths of former migrant workers/railway employees and various support forces in North Korea, as well as the losses of air forces in China.
We know that an important reason why Sichuan soldiers sacrificed the most during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was that Sichuan, as the rear area of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, recruited the most troops, and the proportion of Sichuan soldiers in the Nationalist army was also the highest.
So why did the Sichuan soldiers in the volunteer army sacrifice the most?
Or because the volunteer army has the most Sichuan soldiers.
On July 6, 1949, Zhou Enlai pointed out in his political report at the All-China Congress of Scholars and Artists: "Of the 5.69 million people lost by the enemy, the number of people captured by us reached 70 percent, that is, 4.15 million, and another 2.8 million of the prisoners became the People's Liberation Army. ”
In 1950, the total strength of our People's Liberation Army was 5.13 million, that is, the proportion of liberation fighters reached 53%. Because the Nationalist army has the largest number of Sichuan soldiers, and it is the happiest to refuse to fight a civil war and pay guns, naturally the Sichuan soldiers in the People's Liberation Army have become the largest.
Qiu Shaoyun, a famous hero who was personally instructed by Peng Dehuai, commander of the Volunteer Army, to "please award special merits" was a liberation fighter. In 1948, Qiu Shaoyun was captured and became a brother-in-law in Liu Yi's 18th regiment of the Sichuan Army. In December 1949, Qiu Shaoyun's Sichuan Army surrendered to the People's Liberation Army. At the grievance meeting, he chose to join the People's Liberation Army and officially became a soldier of the 9th Company of the 87th Regiment of the 29th Division of the 10th Army.
Because the Sichuan soldiers in the volunteer army have the most, and the Sichuan soldiers who fight in the war because of their personality, they are brave and not afraid of death in foreign wars, so they still sacrifice the most.
The number of sacrifices of Sichuan volunteers accounted for nearly 18% of the total number of volunteers, but the proportion of meritorious service awards exceeded this proportion.
The author made a brief statistic:
There are two special combat heroes of the Volunteer Army: Yang Gensi and Huang Jiguang.
Huang Jiguang is a native of Zhongjiang County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province. Percentage of Grand Heroes
50%
There are 12 heroes of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, of whom Peng Dehuai is the commander.
The remaining 11 people: Yang Gensi, Huang Jiguang, Wu Xianhua, Xu Jiapeng, Sun Zhanyuan, Qiu Shaoyun, Li Jiafa, Yang Liandi, Yang Chunzeng, Yang Yucai, Hu Xiudao.
Huang Jiguang, Wu Xianhua, Qiu Shaoyun and Hu Xiudao are Sichuan nationals, accounting for 11 people
36%
Of the 50 first-class heroes of the Volunteer Army, 6 were air force pilots, and the remaining 44 were infantrymen.
Among them, there are 1 battalion commander, 11 company commanders and 11 deputy company commanders, and there is no Sichuan nationality among the battalion commanders and company commanders.
There are 16 deputy platoon leaders in the platoon leader, and there are no Sichuan nationals in the main platoon leader. Among them, there are 5 deputy platoon leaders, including 2 from Sichuan, Tan Bingyun and Huang Jiafu. The proportion of deputy platoon leaders is
40%。
There are 11 deputy squad leaders, Wu Xianhua and Chai Yunzhen from Sichuan. The proportion of deputy squad leaders is
18%
There are 5 warriors, Qiu Shaoyun from Sichuan, and Hu Xiudao. The proportion of heroes at the warrior level is
The author again consulted the 12 battalion and company-level cadre heroes among the first-class heroes and found that most of them enlisted during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the early days of the War of Liberation.
In fact, among these 50 first-class heroes, Shandong is the most national, with 13 (1 battalion commander, 3 pilots, 1 stretcher bearer, 2 squad leaders, and the remaining 6 are all company commanders and platoon commanders), indicating that Shandong, the old base area of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, has sent more troops, and the number of sacrifices is also the second in the provinces.
This shows that among the cadres at the company platoon level, there are more Shandong and Hebei nationals, and from the deputy platoon commander below, the proportion of Sichuan nationals receiving meritorious service awards has gone up.
Three
The Chinese border troops killed 722 people, including 82 officers and 640 soldiers, in the self-defense counterattack against India. The border defense forces of the People's Liberation Army completely annihilated 3 brigades of the Indian Army, basically annihilated 3 brigades of the Indian Army, partially annihilated 4 brigades of the Indian Army, killed and wounded 4885 people below the commander of the 62nd Brigade of the Indian Army, and captured 3968 people below the commander of the 7th Brigade of the Indian Army, for a total of 8853 enemy casualties.
From this ratio of casualties among officers and men, it can be seen that the officers of our People's Liberation Army are really charging ahead. However, the author did not find the number of sacrifices in various provinces, but there is another data worth mentioning.
In 1963, the Ministry of National Defense awarded the whole army 11 exemplary titles, of which 10 were officers and soldiers in the Indian self-defense counterattack, and the other was Yue Zhenhua, who shot down the U-2. Seven of the 10 were Sichuan soldiers from various participating units on the Eastern and Western Fronts.
Battle hero Luo Guangxie, Sichuan Lezhiren; "Model Soldier Love" Zhang Dairong, Sichuan Guang'an people; combat hero Wu Yuanming, Sichuan Jiangjin people; combat heroes Zhang Yingxin, Sichuan Luxian people; combat heroes Xiao Mingsheng, Sichuan Dazuren; combat heroes Chen Daifu, Sichuan Anyue people; combat heroes Zhou Tianxi, Sichuan Anyue people.
Here I would like to explain that Zhang Dairong, a "model of loving soldiers", is a deputy instructor, who was attacked by artillery fire while bandaging the wounded, and was killed on the wounded, and is also a hero, but the title is different.
10 combat heroes, 7 are Sichuan nationals, Indian soldiers are also unlucky, and fighting mountain warfare with Sichuan soldiers is not looking for death?
Four
In the counterattack against vietnamese self-defense, Sichuan sacrificed 1,025 soldiers! Sichuan ranked sixth after Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou.
Why did the number of people sacrificed in Sichuan in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam drop sharply?
This is another reason.
The year of the self-defense counterattack against India was 1962, the total strength of the Plakmen army was 3.55 million, and by 1979, 6.03 million, an increase of so much, veterans were retired in large numbers, and the proportion of Sichuan soldiers in the PLA began to decline.
In the 1960s and 1970s, there was another upsurge of studying the People's Liberation Army, and young people were proud to join the army, and everyone wanted to "wear a red star on their heads, and the revolutionary red flag hung on both sides." Not only rural youth wanted to join the army, but those knowledgeable young people who went to the mountains and went to the countryside wanted to become soldiers. Although Sichuan is a province with a large population, it cannot account for the recruitment quota of other provinces, so the proportion of Sichuan soldiers has further declined.
In addition, the 1979 self-defense counterattack against Vietnam was mainly based on the Guangzhou Military Region and the Kunming Military Region at that time, so more soldiers were sacrificed in Guangdong and Yunnan, Guangxi.
Five
In the foreign wars after the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and liberation, the Sichuan soldiers were not afraid to sacrifice heroically and well
"Sichuan does not live up to the country"
and
The best interpretation made!