In our nation, which has suffered from the bullying of foreign races and has many difficulties, Wen Tianxiang is an outstanding existence, like the stars in the long night, which makes us feel that although the night is long, there is still light and hope.
Wen Tianxiang, Zi Song Rui, Jiangxi Ji'an people, Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Chancellor, great anti-Mongolian national hero.
In 1256, the 20-year-old Wen Tianxiang was full of vigor and full of economy, and the first time he took the imperial examination, he entered the first place in high school, the first and the first, and became the envy of the world's students and the object of praise of the Manchu Dynasty.
After entering the career path, Wen Tianxiang successively served as Chengshi Lang, The Judge of the Naval Festival of Signing Shuning, the Zhizhou of Ruizhou, the Punishment of Jiangnan West Road, the Officer of Shangshu Zuoshilang, the Inspector of Ordnance, and the Bachelor of Quanzhi Academy.
In 1259, the Mongol army broke through the important town of Xiangyang, tore open a mouth in the western part of Jingxi that entered the Southern Song Dynasty Kyoto Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and then attacked Ezhou (鄂州, in modern Wuchang, Hubei), the gateway to western Beijing.
In a moment of panic, some ministers advised Song Lizong, who was then the emperor, to move the capital, and the so-called capital move was actually an escape. Wen Tianxiang was filled with righteous indignation, and despite being a last official at the time, he boldly wrote a letter denouncing this kind of escape and proposing specific countermeasures to resist the enemy, but Song Lizong ignored it.
Soon, Wen Tianxiang also because in the drafting of the emperor's edict, there was a satire on the lord's surrender of the prime minister, that is, the famous cricket prime minister Jia Xiangdao,Even the emperor was under the influence of Jia Xiangdao, Wen Tianxiang was so powerful that he naturally buried a bright future, Jia Xiangdao made a small wrist and arranged for yushi to impeach Wen Tianxiang.
Wen Tianxiang could not stand this kind of bird spirit, took the initiative to write a letter, and asked for his resignation.
At that time, Wen Tianxiang was only 37 years old, and he resigned from his official post at a young age, which undoubtedly became a great irony in the official field of the Southern Song Dynasty.
However, Wen Tianxiang was after all a champion, and his knowledge and talent were all ironclad there. Therefore, the imperial court later resumed his use as a punishment for Jinghu South Road, and soon transferred to Ganzhou Zhizhou.
In 1275, the Mongol army launched a large-scale attack, along the Yangtze River to the east, Kyoto was in danger, and the imperial court had no choice but to call on the world's soldiers and horses to serve the king. Wen Tianxiang learned that he poured out his family wealth, recruited widely, organized a total of 30,000 soldiers and horses, and entered Hangzhou, and began his career as a horseman.
Later, he was reappointed as the prefect of Pingjiang. But the Mongolian army was too fierce and too fast, Wen Tianxiang was like a firefighting captain, leading troops everywhere to help, but what greeted him was the news that one city after another was falling, Changzhou and Pingjiang were lost successively, and he had to lead the army back to Hangzhou to prepare for a decisive battle with the Mongolian army.
However, when Wen Tianxiang rushed to the city of Hangzhou after many hardships, he found that the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu who were "loyal" to the mouth on weekdays had fled one after another, and the military attaches had fled completely, leaving only 6 civilian officials.
In the first month of 1276, Empress Xie, who was in power, insisted on surrendering, and the commander of the Mongolian army, Boyan, designated that the prime minister must come to the Camp of the Mongolian army for consultation, and the prime minister Chen Yizhong actually escaped overnight and did not know where to go.
Wen Tianxiang was ordered to leave the city as prime minister and negotiate with the Mongolian army camp.
During the negotiations, in the face of the fierce and vicious Mongol soldiers, Wen Tianxiang had no fear, rebuked Boyan in front of his face, said that he would desperately resist to the end, and was detained on the spot.
After Wen Tianxiang was detained, the Mongolian army escorted him to the ship.
Wen Tianxiang began a hunger strike in protest, and later, after the boat arrived in Zhenjiang, he took the opportunity to escape ashore.
At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty had officially surrendered, and the Mongols, like the Jin soldiers who treated the Northern Song Dynasty's Hui and Qin Emperors, took Empress Xie and The Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian and all others captive and sent them to Dadu (present-day Beijing).
Subsequently, the chancellor Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu proclaimed zhao fu, who was only 7 years old, in Fuzhou as emperor for Emperor Duanzong of Song.
Wen Tianxiang rushed to Fuzhou after all kinds of hardships, was appointed as a privy councillor, and supervised all the troops and horses.
Therefore, Wen Tianxiang sent people to various places to raise money and recruit soldiers, calling on troops everywhere to rebel against the Mongolian army.
In 1276, the Mongol army invaded Fujian, and Zhao Yan fled to the sea with Lu Xiufu by boat, all the way to the coast of Guangdong.
Wen Tianxiang, on the other hand, insisted on recruiting troops everywhere to resist the Mongolian army.
In 1277, Wen Tianxiang led an army to move to Longyan and Meizhou, and then advanced into Jiangxi, defeating the Mongolian army at Yandu, and recapturing more than 10 prefectures and counties in succession.
Soon, the Mongolian army gathered superior forces and began to attack Wen Tianxiang's rebel army, which was outnumbered and suffered heavy losses, and was forced to retreat to Changting and Zhangzhou in Fujian. Wu Jun, the general who surrendered to Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty, was ordered by the Mongols to go to Zhangzhou to lobby Wen Tianxiang and persuade him to surrender, and Wen Tianxiang immediately beheaded Wu Jun and showed it to the public.
The Mongol army knew that Wen Tianxiang was a mortal enemy, and if they destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, they would first surrender Wen Tianxiang, and then specially sent people to take Wen Tianxiang's wife Ouyang Shi and two daughters hostage and force him to surrender.
When Wen Tianxiang heard about it, not only was he not threatened, but he hated the Mongol invaders even more and resisted more fiercely.
In 1278, Zhao Yu fell ill and died, and Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu succeeded to the throne at the age of 6, Zhao Fu, as Emperor Xiangxing.
It was the winter of that year, Wen Tianxiang led his army to Haifeng, ready to enter the mountains and hold on to the danger.
When the march reached Wupoling, north of Haifeng, the Mongolian army came from all over the world and surrounded Wen Tianxiang and his men, and after the fierce battle, Wen Tianxiang was captured.
At the beginning of 1279, Wen Tianxiang was transferred to a ship at sea for custody, and when the ship passed through the Zero Ding Yang near the mouth of the Pearl River, he was sad from his heart, angry from his mouth, and casually chanted a poem "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang":
After a hard time, the stars fell around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is fluttering, and the life is floating and raining.
The panic beachhead said trepidation, zero Ding Yang sighed zero Ding.
All men are mortal? Leave Dan in his heart.
In this poem, Wen Tianxiang expressed the sadness and indignation of the broken mountains and rivers, and showed his determination to die unyieldingly, so that he would never sing for thousands of years.
However, at the same time as he recited this sad and indignant poem, on the sixth day of February 1279, the Mongolian army besieged the last imperial court and the last army of the Southern Song Dynasty at sea in a corner of the cliff mountain, just like a ferocious tiger playing with a sheep in its hand, slowly tearing it up and then eating it slowly, forcing the last elite of this once glorious imperial court to the edge of the cliff of death, and finally, the humiliated Lu Xiufu carried the 8-year-old Xiangxing Emperor on his back, led 100,000 Southern Song elites into the turbulent sea, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.
In its place was the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols.
And Wen Tianxiang?
At this time, with the pain of national subjugation, he had already passed zero Ding Yang.
On the first day of October of that year, the Mongols escorted the most famous prisoner of the Southern Song Dynasty to the capital of the Yuan Dynasty: Beijing, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
The reason why he was so solemn about Wen Tianxiang was because Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, was familiar with Wen Tianxiang's courage, ability and deeds, and he was interested in this brave and loyal man who had beaten the Mongols to a great headache, and he was bent on recruiting him and fighting for his own use.
At first, Kublai Khan mobilized the surrendered Song Gong Emperor Zhao Xian to persuade him to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused.
The Yuan Dynasty prime minister and the powerful ministers successively tried in person, patiently induced the surrender, Wen Tianxiang made a generous statement, and the righteousness was thin and cloudy.
Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned for 3 years.
His wife and children were also detained in Dadu.
He knew that as long as he nodded his head and bent his knees, he would be able to reunite his family and soar to the top, but he clenched his teeth and vowed to die.
On January 8, 1282, Kublai Khan personally summoned Wen Tianxiang and made a final exhortation.
To tell the truth, Kublai Khan did have a good feeling for wen Tianxiang, who was iron-boned, and not only had the heart to preserve, but also hoped to use it for himself, so he personally came forward, patiently persuaded, and wanted to impress him.
Unexpectedly, Wen Tianxiang's heart was still as stubborn as a stone, and his will was still as hard as steel, he said: "Tianxiang is the prime minister of the Great Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty is dead, and he can only die, not live."
However, after 3 years of reflection in prison, he still made a flexible request to Kublai Khan, saying: "When the country dies, I will die." If the fate is lenient and can return to his hometown with the yellow crown, he will be able to prepare advisers from the Japanese and Israeli parties, but also "?
This means: The nation is gone, and I deserve to be martyred. But if Kublai Khan lets me go, I am still willing to become a monk and return to my hometown as a Taoist monk, and then I can serve you as an outsider.
Of course, Kublai Khan could have released him according to Wen Tianxiang's request, which could not only win a good reputation for magnanimity, but also reduce the resistance of the Han people, and also allow Wen Tianxiang to contribute to the Yuan Dynasty as a monk.
However, Kublai Khan's sinister eyes saw through Wen Tianxiang's "ruse", and Wen Tianxiang used a strategy to slow down the army. Because, with Wen Tianxiang's fierce performance and consistent stubborn character in the past 3 years, how could he surrender because he sought to survive?
If he really let him go, he would definitely be a brave tiger again when he returned.
It's easy to hunt a tiger, it's hard to catch a tiger!
Therefore, Kublai Khan rejected Wen Tianxiang's proposal and finally made up his mind to kill him.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was beheaded in Chai City, Beijing, at the age of 47.
Shi Zai, after Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground, first asked the executioner for directions, and then, facing south, knelt down and performed a great salute, and Fang calmly went to death. ”
A few days later, Wen Tianxiang's wife, Ouyang Shi, collected her husband's body and found Wen Tianxiang's last words in her pocket: "Kong Yue Chengren, Meng Yue takes righteousness, only its righteousness is exhausted, so RenZhi." What did you learn by reading the books of the sages? And now and then, shu is almost worthy! ”
Zhuge Liang knew that he could not do anything, but he still insisted on the Northern Expedition; Wen Tianxiang knew that the general trend was gone, but he still insisted on resisting Mongolia, which was a kind of great righteousness. Therefore, Cai Dongfan, a famous historian of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, commented in the "Popular Interpretation of the History of song": "The liuhe is completely overthrown and the island is contested, and the island that the city cannot defend and cannot be disputed, knowing that it is useless, is translated as a lover." ”
Knowing that it is a useless thing, but swearing to die, this is the great righteousness of "righteousness and thin cloud heaven", this is the "Dan heart" of "leaving Dan heart to take care of Khan Qing", Mr. Cai Dongfan's words, can be described as an accurate evaluation!
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