In 1985,
Deng Jiaxian
Suffering from advanced rectal cancer, I had to be hospitalized, old friend
Yang Zhenning
After hearing about it, he rushed back from the United States to visit him. In the hospital, Yang Zhenning asked him:
"You made two bullets, how much bonus did you get?"
Deng Jiaxian replied:
"I got 20 bucks, 10 bucks for an atomic bomb, and 10 bucks for a hydrogen bomb."
Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning
Just a few words made Yang Zhenning feel a thousand emotions.
In 1924, Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, to a family of scholars, the father
Deng Yi sting
He successively served as a professor of philosophy at Tsinghua University and Peking University, and his mother
Wang Shuzhen
He also has a high degree of literary attainment, and his parents named him "Jiaxian", which means
"Rooted in the land of China, and early and mature in the land of China, becoming one of the vicissitudes of the sea that benefits the people"
They especially hoped that Deng Jia would study well from an early age and grow up to be a learned person.
Deng yi sting
Deng Jiaxian did not disappoint his father, he was brilliant since he was a child, at the age of three or four, he was already able to recognize many words and recite many classical literary chapters, in 1936, 12-year-old Deng Jiaxian was admitted
Beiping Chongde Middle School
, directly to the second grade of junior high school.
During the three years of Deng Jiaxian's study at Chongde Middle School, he laid a good foundation in English, mathematics and physics, which became an important initial stage for him to become famous at home and abroad.
He also got to know the senior who was two levels higher than him
The friendship between the two continued into the decades that followed.
Yang Zhenning once recalled:
"After a few minutes of talking to him, I can see that he is a loyal and plain man, he is sincere and frank, and he is never arrogant. He did not look carefully, and all his life he liked the character represented by the word 'pure'. Among the intellectuals I know, including Chinese and foreigners, he is the person with the most simple temperament of the Chinese peasant. ”
Young Deng Jiaxian
After the July 7 Incident, Beijing fell, and the Japanese army forced citizens and students to meet and march to celebrate their victory.
Deng Jia, who was still studying, was angry, shredded the flag, threw it on the ground and stepped on it.
In 1941, Deng Jiaxian entered the Physics Department of Southwest Union University to study, coincidentally, he was in the same school as Yang Zhenning here, Yang Zhenning was also studying in the Physics Department, and Gao Deng Jia was the third grade, and the two were still good friends in this school, and they had a good friendship.
During his time at school, Deng Jia first passed through friends
Yang Dexin
Introduced, joined the peripheral organizations of the Communist Party
"Minqing"
And actively participated in the student movement, his thinking gradually became progressive, he deeply realized:
To study for the prosperity of the country, to study science is to contribute to the future of the country's strength.
Deng Jiaxian (center) and Yang Zhenning (left)
In 1945, Deng Jiaxian graduated from the Southwest United University, and he first taught mathematics for a year at Peiwen Middle School and Wenzheng Middle School in Kunming. In the autumn of 1946, he returned to the ancient capital, where he had been away for six years, and was hired as an assistant professor in the Department of Physics at Peking University.
In October 1948, Deng Jia went to Purdue University in the United States to pursue a doctorate.
During his study abroad, he paid keen attention to the situation in the motherland, and after learning the news of the founding of New China, he was very excited, and he completed his doctoral thesis in less than a year in the United States
"The Light Metamorphosis of the Deuterium Nucleus"
。
In June 1950, the Korean War broke out, and the atmosphere of hostility between China and the United States was heightened. The US authorities have obstructed the return of Chinese students, including students majoring in nuclear physics, rocketry and electronic engineering, who are the targets of key interceptions.
But Deng Jiaxian was fortunate to avoid censorship, in fact, his research field belonged to the category of nuclear physics, but because he was only a newly graduated doctoral student at the time, he had not yet made great achievements, so he was not prevented from returning to China.
Deng Jiaxian received his doctorate
On August 29, 1950, the 9th day after Deng Jiaxian received his doctorate, he boarded the "President Wilson" cruise ship and returned to China.
After returning to China, someone asked him what he brought back, and he said:
"I brought my father a couple of pairs of nylon socks that China can't produce yet, and I brought a head of knowledge about atomic nuclei."
This made everyone laugh.
In September of that year, Deng Jiaxian was assigned to the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as an assistant researcher, engaged in nuclear theory research, in which he was always the most diligent person, the first to go to work every day was him, and the last to leave work was also him.
In 1952, Deng Jiaxian was promoted to associate researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics.
At the age of 28, he was already a very young senior researcher in China at that time.
In 1953, Deng Jiaxian and Peking University Medical College students
Xu Luxi
marry
Xu Luxi's father
Xu Deheng
He is a famous patriot and scholar, and the main marriage is Wu Youxun, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In 1956, he joined the Communist Party of China.
Deng Jiaxian and his family
But Deng Jiaxian's peaceful scientific research life did not last long.
In the mid-1950s, Chairman Mao proposed that if China wanted to be free from bullying in the world, it should also do it
Atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs
In October 1957, China and the Soviet Union signed
Agreement on New Technologies for Defence
Su Dang promised to give China some help in nuclear weapons research.
The following year, the Second Aircraft Department set up an agency for the development of atomic bombs -
Nuclear Weapons Agency (later known as the Nine Institutes)
。 One day, he was the deputy director of the Second Aircraft Department
Money three strong
He called Deng Jiaxian to his office and said to him:
"The state wants to put on a cannon battle and transfer you to do this work, how about it?"
Of course, Deng Jiaxian understood what this meant, but he agreed without hesitation. But he was still very young, so why did he choose him? Qian Sanqiang said three reasons:
First, Deng Jia first studied nuclear physics, specialized in counterparts, and was young and strong; second, he had studied abroad, understood English and Russian, and could deal with foreigners; third, he was a party member and had strong organizational discipline.
One night in the middle of the summer of 1958, Deng Jiaxian returned home and said to his wife Xu Luxi:
"I'm going to transfer my work, but I can't say where I'm going or what I'm going to do."
Xu Luxi said:
"Then you give me a mailbox number and I'll correspond with you."
"That doesn't work."
Deng Jiaxian went on to say:
"My life is dedicated to the work of the future. If I do this well, my life will be very meaningful, even if it is worth dying for it. The affairs of the family are entrusted to you. ”
Xu Luxi already knew that her husband was definitely going to do work of great significance to the country, and she said firmly:
"Rest assured, I'm here for you."
Deng Jia first went to a sorghum field on the outskirts of Beijing, hiding his name, and then he went to the Gobi Desert, where he disappeared completely.
In 1958, he was officially appointed head of the atomic bomb theory research.
After Deng Jiaxian took over the work, he quickly selected and organized the first batch of atomic bomb research teams from colleges and universities, and he set up a theoretical research group with more than 20 newly graduated college students, and Soviet experts gave them more than a dozen textbooks, so that they could study Russian well, nibble on textbooks, and never be impatient. But when people have important questions to ask experts, the other side hardly gives them answers.
In 1960, the Soviet Union tore up the agreement and withdrew all experts in China, which put China's atomic bomb research into a dilemma, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to build atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and artificial satellites by itself. Chairman Mao specifically gave instructions:
"We must be determined to engage in cutting-edge technology. Khrushchev does not give us cutting-edge technology, excellent! If given, this account is difficult to repay. ”
Deng Jiaxian knew very well that most of his college students were not studying nuclear physics, and if they studied in complete accordance with the book lists issued by Soviet experts, they would not be able to build an atomic bomb in those decades
Neutron physics, fluid mechanics and the properties of matter at high temperatures and pressures
These three aspects as a breakthrough, the later practice proved that his decision is very correct, avoiding a lot of manpower and material waste.
Even so, the work tasks of Deng Jiaxian's group were still heavy, and in order to calculate a data, they worked three shifts a day.
Counting once, it takes more than a month, counting 9 times, it takes more than a year, often until dawn.
Whenever he was overly tired and his thinking was interrupted, Deng Jiaxian said anxiously:
"Alas, one sun is not enough!"
This means that we are to spend one day as two days.
After unremitting efforts,
In September 1962, Deng Jiaxian's ninth institute submitted a preliminary theoretical design plan for the first atomic bomb, and the Second Machine Department proposed that the first atomic bomb should be detonated on the 15th anniversary of the National Day.
Liu Shaoqi thought that time was too tight, and he proposed:
"We have to work hard, the explosion in 1964 is very good, if it is not enough, it can be done in 1965."
In February 1963, Deng Jiaxian went to a certain place in Northern China to participate in and direct the bombing simulation test before the nuclear test. As other technical difficulties were overcome, the explosion of China's first atomic bomb entered the countdown.
Deng Jiaxian (left)
In August 1963, the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom signed it
Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
, prohibit all nuclear weapons tests except underground, and restrict and prevent other countries from developing nuclear weapons. Chairman Mao was very angry, and he thought that this treaty was complete
on our heads
The Party Central Committee has also issued clear instructions:
Everything was ready to explode the first atomic bomb in 1964.
In the same year, the overall plan for the first atomic bomb was completed, deng Jiaxian solemnly signed his name on it, everyone was excited and nervous, and many people asked Deng Jiaxian:
"Can it work?"
"Everything that should be considered is taken into account."
At 3:00 p.m. on October 16, 1964, a huge mushroom cloud rolled over Lop Nur and China's first atomic bomb test was successful!
The first atomic bomb exploded successfully
On the same day, Premier Zhou solemnly declared to the world:
At 3 p.m. on October 16, 1964, China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb in the Great Western Desert. The history of nuclear monopoly and nuclear blackmail by the nuclear powers on China is over! China tests nuclear weapons in order to eliminate nuclear weapons, and at any time, under any circumstances, China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons...
Xu Luxi also knew this good news, she already vaguely knew what her husband was doing, and at that time she felt even more that all the sacrifices were worth it, and the love and affection between them had long been linked to the fate of the country and the interests of the nation!
Before the atomic bomb exploded, Deng Jiaxian had already received a telegram from his mother who was critically ill, but because the explosion required his command, he could not rush back immediately, and after the successful explosion of the atomic bomb, he immediately rushed back to Beijing, at this time the mother could not speak, she held her son's hand tightly, and left peacefully...
In January 1965, China put the development of hydrogen bombs on the agenda.
Deng Jiaxian began to lead the team to start a new journey, they worked day and night, racing against the clock, and actively exploring the design of hydrogen bomb theory.
In the same year, the central government approved the development plan for the hydrogen bomb. In 1966, the research work of the institute was interfered with and impacted by the "Cultural Revolution", and at that time, France was also working overtime to develop hydrogen bombs, which made Deng Jiaxian very anxious, he was afraid that China was lagging behind, he said:
"We must develop a hydrogen bomb before the French!"
So Deng Jiaxian worked nervously with everyone, often turning the car day and night, sleeping on the floor of the machine room and sleeping with clothes, and he often went to different people to persuade them to put down the contradictions between factions first, so that everyone could focus on the overall situation and seize the time to do the work.
June 17, 1967, this is another day worth remembering in the history of New China, on this day, China's first hydrogen bomb was successfully air-detonated!
The first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully
From making an atomic bomb to making a hydrogen bomb, the Gap between the United States and 4 years and 4 months, the United Kingdom 4 years and 7 months, the Soviet Union 6 years and 3 months, France 8 years and 6 months, and China only 2 years and 8 months, this speed caused a sensation in the world.
In 1971, Yang Zhenning, who had already won the Nobel Prize, was invited by the Chinese government to return from the United States to visit China, and he met Deng Jiaxian, and Yang Zhenning asked:
"In the United States, I have heard that China's atomic bomb was developed with the help of an American. Is this true? ”
Out of secrecy, Deng Jiaxian could only say:
"I don't think so, but I'll confirm the exact situation and tell you."
After sending Yang Zhenning away, Deng Jia first reported the matter to his superiors, and finally Premier Zhou gave instructions:
"We must let Deng Jia first tell Yang Zhenning truthfully that China tested the atomic bomb without a single foreigner participating."
Deng Jiaxian then wrote a letter to Yang Zhenning overnight, and Yang Zhenning later recalled:
"This short letter gave me a great emotional shock. Tears filled her eyes and I had to get up and go to the bathroom for a facelift. ”
After 1972, Deng Jiaxian successively served as vice president and president of the Ninth Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and with the end of the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Jiaxian continued to devote himself to the research of nuclear weapons with a higher fighting spirit.
During a nuclear test in 1979, the hydrogen bomb did not explode, and it was supposed to be the anti-chemical warfare forces going in to investigate, but Deng Jiaxian decided to go in and look for it himself, and the commander of the base tried to dissuade him:
"Old Deng, you can't go, your life is worth more than mine!"
But he said:
"That's what I did, I know. No one should go, and if you go in, you will be polluted in vain. ”
He entered the intended site of the explosion alone and found out the cause of the accident, but he himself was contaminated and began to bleed in the stool.
Years of intense work made Deng Jiaxian's health worse and worse, so that he fainted at the test site many times. However, when the principle of the hydrogen bomb was broken, when a nuclear test was successful, he jumped up like a child.
At the end of 1984, Deng Jiaxian commanded the last nuclear test during China's Sixth Five-Year Plan. Before the test, he often had inexplicable diarrhea and blood. Sometimes, he was so weak that he couldn't even walk, and he had to be carried by others to move forward. But he thought it was a problem such as hemorrhoids and did not attract attention.
Deng Jiaxian and his wife
In July 1985, Deng Jiaxian came to Beijing to pay tribute to the Minister of National Defense
Zhang Aiping
Reporting on the work, Zhang Aiping found that his face was not right, and immediately arranged for him to go to the Platon 301 Hospital for examination, and the doctor asked in surprise after examination:
"Why are you here now?"
The original examination results showed:
Deng Jiaxian already had rectal cancer, and it was already advanced!
After the news spread, everyone was stunned, and the head of the Central Military Commission ordered the 301 Hospital:
At all costs to save Deng Jiaxian's life.
The hospital has performed 3 operations on Deng Jiaxian, but his physical condition continues to deteriorate.
In the spring of 1986, Deng Jiaxian, feeling that his days might be running out, said to his wife:
"We must seize the time and leave this proposal for China's nuclear weapons development."
So he ignored his serious illness, looked through the documents, and discussed the matter with colleagues in the Ninth Yuan, and in April of that year, he and he
Yu Min
The Recommendation was submitted under the joint signature,
For the next 10 years, our nuclear weapons research was carried out in accordance with this Recommendation.
Deng Jiaxian and Yu Min
A month before Deng Jiaxian's death, the Central Military Commission decided to decrypt him, and the whole country began to publicize his deeds publicly, and a report entitled "Deng Jiaxian, the Founder of the "Two Bombs", let the people of the whole country know that deng Jiaxian presided over and designed China's first atomic bomb and the first hydrogen bomb.
At 1:50 p.m. on July 29, 1986, Deng Jiaxian was buried under the protection of his wife and children at the age of 62. His last words were: "Don't let the family leave us too far..."
Deng Jiaxian was at the time of his death
When General Zhang Aiping learned of this bad news, he wrote a message of sorrow:
Stepping through the Gobi grasslands, twenty-five years ago, Keqian Pass, working hard to be the first, and the Czech audio was passed on every year. Contempt for nuclear blackmail, Huaxia innovation. The monarch regards fame and fortune as dung, and the mighty mountains and rivers of the country are allowed to be strong. The mourning king died early, and his merits were in the world.
On July 29, 1996, the Chinese government issued a statement that China had successfully conducted a nuclear test that day, and from the next day, China began to suspend nuclear testing.
This day marks the tenth anniversary of Deng Jiaxian's death.
More than a month later, unrelated members signed it
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China in 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded Deng Jiaxian gold
"Medal of Merit for Two Bombs and One Star".
Elder Deng, this prosperous world, as you wish!