The "Wutai Poetry Case" is a famous case that occurred during the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the case further expanded its popularity in history because its main culprit was the famous literary hero Su Shi. Why Su Shi's several poems can toss out such a big case, we must first understand the background at that time.
After Emperor Shenzong of Song ascended the throne, he felt the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty and wanted to revive the imperial dynasty. So he joined forces with Wang Anshi to launch the "Xining Transformation Method", which is the famous "Wang Anshi Transformation Method" in history. Since the change of law will inevitably touch the interests of some people, this change of law has also encountered fierce opposition.
Because the emperor himself explicitly supported the change and vigorously promoted it, the conservatives could not oppose the change too directly. Therefore, they resisted the promotion of the new law throughout the country through yang and yin violations, and took advantage of some improper measures in the new law and the fallacies arising from its implementation to attack the officials of the reformist faction on the line in order to achieve the purpose of hindering the implementation of the new law.
The reformists and the Song Shenzong faction could not grasp the handle of the conservative faction for a while, and the reform faction was too radical to cause many problems, and the reformists who promoted the reform gradually fell into passivity in the struggle. Before the "Wutai Poetry Case", Wang Anshi had already been deposed for the second time. Therefore, at this time, song Shenzong, who was presiding over the change of law, had an attitude toward the conservative faction that hindered him from changing the law to a new one, and it could be imagined. Naturally, he wanted to use an opportunity to sweep away the old-fashioned faction.
And Su Shi's dissatisfaction with the many abuses in the new law is well known. Before the "Wutai Poetry Case", he was reported by Shen Kuo (the famous Shen Kuo in the history textbook) for deliberately composing poetry to satirize the new law. It may be that Gu Cherished Su Shi's reputation, and the imperial court and the Divine Sect did not pay attention to it.
In the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was transferred from Xuzhou to Zhizhou, Huzhou. Arriving in office on April 20, he was customarily presented to the emperor in the "Huzhou Xie Shang Table", which read:
His Majesty knows that he is stupid and unwell, and it is difficult to accompany the new ones; he is old and does not have trouble, or he can shepherd and support small people.
Description: What exactly does this sentence mean, it is already a thousand-year-old unsolved case. Personally, I think That Su Shi is modest in expressing his lack of ability, but the emperor still gives himself trust and opportunity. It is the usual self-effacing and of the officialdom.
In fact, when Shenzong first saw it, he didn't think too much, and he also admired Su Shi's literary style, admiring his beautiful words and sentences, and Xie Table was catchy to read. However, Yushi He Zhengchen found a rare opportunity from this thank you list.
Under his reinterpretation, the meaning of this sentence became That Su Shi openly expressed his attitude of not cooperating with the new upstarts (Xinjin) of the dynasty, and expressed his dissatisfaction with the "troubles" of the new law. More importantly, He Zhengchen hinted to Emperor Shenzong that Su Shi dared to so openly thank his cousin for carrying "private goods", which was deliberately playing with literature and mocking the emperor.
What exactly does this sentence mean, maybe Su Shi still has a chance to defend. But whether he was mocking the Divine Sect or not, he had no right to explain. Whether it was or not depended entirely on what Song Shenzong thought himself.
Unfortunately, Shenzong most likely made up a picture, Su Shi triumphantly boasted in front of his many old party members how he mocked Shenzong, but Shenzong couldn't see it or couldn't do anything about himself.
The enraged Emperor Shenzong sent a message to take Su Shi back to Beijing and punish him poorly. The curtain of the "Wutai Poetry Case" has officially opened!
The main purpose of He Zhengchen's incitement to Shenzong's great action was not to rectify Su Shi, but to use Su Shi. Su Shi was one of the leading figures in the literary world at that time, and many officials in the imperial court and celebrities in society had close contacts with him. And many of them are members of the old party.
He Zhengchen's real target was them. He Zhengchen's specific way was to take advantage of the habit of the literati at that time to sing harmony and give works to each other. The general process is that Su Shi wrote anti-poems attacking the imperial court and the emperor and gave them to his colleagues or friends, and this person's failure to report to the imperial court must be what Su Shi thought in his heart, and his heart was reprehensible.
So the whole case becomes, first listing the people who want to be hit. Then find the poems that Su Shi sang or gave to him, and let Su Shi admit that the poems were actually mocking the imperial court and the New Deal.
For example:
"Win children's voice well, strong in the city for a year and a half" is a mockery of the YOUNG SEEDLINGs Law;
"Is it to smell Shao to relieve the taste, and to eat without salt in March" is a mockery of the salt method;
"If the East Sea knows the idea, it should be taught to rebuke the halogen change mulberry field" is a satire on the difficulty of water conservancy in the imperial court;
……
For Su Shi, the interrogation was extremely painful. The pain was not only that he was framed and wronged, but also that every time he admitted the irony of a poem, it meant that one of his colleagues or friends was dragged into the water by him. Although he was reluctant in his heart, how could he resist the cruel torture and the threat of harm to his family?
For example, his admission to the satirical new law in "Du Paradise" implicates Sima Guang, because he sent the poem to Sima Guang. He admitted that "He Yun Answer Huang Tingjian's Second Song" was a rebuke to "new advancement", and Huang Tingjian was also guilty. "Tangcun Opens a Canal, Overseers in the Rain" pulls his good friend, Wang Yi, a lieutenant of the horse, down the water...
Description: Xinjin refers to people who have been promoted out of the ordinary because they actively support the New Deal. Because many people deliberately welcome the New Deal and pat the New Deal on the back of the horse for the sake of official positions, these new entries are uneven, and many people are not able to actively promote the New Deal for the sake of officials. Therefore, the "new entrants" are also the focus of attack and criticism by the old party.
He Zhengchen and others used the method of one poem and one person to fabricate charges against thirty-nine people and give the old party an all-round blow, which can be described as a great success.
However, the impact of this case on the Song Dynasty and future generations is far beyond our imagination. When Su Shi wrote those poems, it didn't matter what he meant. Importantly, his guilt has become a formally confessed crime.
After the death of Shenzong, the old party learned to use the "Che Gaiting Poetry Case" to retaliate against the new party, and as for the original intention of the relevant poems, not many people really cared. Since then, partisanship has become more and more intense and unrestrained.
For condemnation becomes the simplest thing – what he thinks in his heart, betraying the country and rebelling against the king, can also be blamed!
In the Southern Song Dynasty, this crooked wind was further upgraded by Qin Ju and Song Gaozong (Zhao Shuo) - directly reduced to "nonsense".
The prison general is also on the top, Han Shizhong is uneven, and he is actually questioned. Juniper: "Although Fei Ziyun and Zhang Xianshu are unknown, their bodies are unwarranted. ”
The Biography of Song Shi Yue Fei
What Qin Ju said was that "although it is not clear, Yue Fei may be guilty." In fact, it is a hint to Han Shizhong, is it important to have a crime? Even if it is really needed, isn't it enough to make up the sin of "his heart is reprehensible"? Qin Ju actually didn't bother to weave a charge against Yue Fei.
Since the Song Dynasty, the literati and scholars have always hated "nonsense", but they actually only hate "half of it". They just hate others for using "nonsense" on them, and when they use it on others, they don't hate it.
For example, Yuan Chonghuan, who is considered by many to be as wronged as Yue Fei and Yu Qian.
Before he left the customs to serve as the governor of Jiliao, he specially played Chongzhen: "There are many suspicious things in the army, so when it comes to the overall situation of the success or failure of the border ministers, we do not have to worry about it, but we are harsh on the slight flaws of every word and deed." In fact, he hoped that Chongzhen would not believe some false accusations and convict him because of some rumors.
Then, after taking office, Yuan Chonghuan was keen to use it falsely with others. There are many opinions about his killing of Mao Wenlong, and the author has no intention of arguing about this topic here. I just want to say that there is no historical data that can support Yuan Chonghuan's evidence that can convict Mao Wenlong before and after killing him.
If it is said that he did not show it before the incident because of a haste or secrecy, and did not show any decent evidence when he reported to the imperial court and Chongzhen afterwards, then it can only be said that he did not. Inspector Yuan simply thought that those crimes were unmistakable.
Isn't Inspector Yuan's undocumented conviction for fear of being framed by others also a frame-up in essence?
It's just that the centuries-long tradition makes many people think that as long as they can draw reasoning conclusions, then no evidence is not a false accusation. It is even reasonable to think that how to prove what is in his mind does not need to be proved. This "strange" cognition is also the source of many contradictions and conflicts today.
Don't think it's a hat for you, because we think that's what you think in your heart. So you are guilty.