From the 1840s onwards
China has entered the most critical and humiliating era in history, the Western guns have opened the door of our country, our favor policy against the former barbarian countries has no longer worked, and the Western countries have violently and arbitrarily poured into China with their advanced weapons and demanded of us
Land-cutting indemnity
。
In the fifties and sixties,
Taiping Rebellion
When it broke out, China fell into a situation where internal and external troubles were intertwined.
It was also at this time that some Han courtiers began to pin their hopes on one kind
Unofficial, informal system
Hope to come through such a system
Recruit talents and develop strategies
In order to calm the internal strife and relieve external worries. This system is famous
Shogunate system
。 Among the shogunates of the late Qing Dynasty, the most famous one is
Li Hongzhang shogunate and Zeng Guofan shogunate.
Shogunate of The Great Chamber of The Crown
The founding of the
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement
At that time, the Qing government had no way to effectively suppress the Taiping Army, so it ordered Zeng Guofan, who was still worried about Ding Mu in his hometown of Hunan, to go out of the mountains
Suppression of the Taiping Army
Thus Zeng Guofan began his own shogunate construction,
Guo Songtao
It was its first watchdog.
Zeng Guofan insisted on recruiting people
"Personal recruitment"
The principle of requiring subordinates must be personally recruited by superiors in order to maintain the centripetal force of their own army, while Zeng Guofan's
Founding of the Xiang Army
The military character of the shogunate was also restored, and one of the criteria for recruiting members of the shogunate became its military talent.
The main personnel of the shogunate of the Zengguo Domain were him
Talented people recommended by friends, family, friends, and some serving officials who were transferred
These people were talented and almost all of them before they became generals
literati
。 Zeng Guofan was very strict with their requirements, but he did not lose his kindness, but with one kind
The gesture of a strict father treats his close friends
。 Although the original reason for the establishment of the Shogunate of Zengguo was to expand the army to suppress the Taiping Army, he was still a man of talent, not only accepting military talents, but also practicing the style of raising soldiers, attracting many like-minded people to join him.
The shogunate of The Great Sagaku had many affairs, not only that
Military missions
And also
Academic tasks
Military tasks include combat, food collection, supplies, military salaries, and other aspects of work, while academic tasks are to distribute official letters, send and receive military intelligence reports, etc. At the same time, Zeng Guofan was also committed to Confucian academic research, compiled many related books, and often held exchange meetings, and also attached great importance to the ideas of his shogunate personnel.
Zeng Guofan himself
Polite and easy-going
As a result, his shogunate was busy but still orderly and peaceful.
Li Hongzhang shogunate
Li
He was a disciple of Zeng Guofan and was from
Zengsang stepped out of the shogunate
A representative figure. During his years in the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang learned the importance of modesty, stability and "sincerity" under the intentional "suppression" of Zeng Guofan, and also learned a lot of military strategic skills.
In 1861, Li Hongzhang was recommended by Zeng Guofan to be the governor of Jiangsu, and on February 22 of the following year, Li Hongzhang led him
Own Huai Army
He returned to Anqing and thus began the construction of his own shogunate.
Li Hongzhang attaches great importance to recruiting friends
Personal talents and ideas
When recruiting behind-the-scenes friends, it is necessary not only to recruit traditional talents, but also to recruit and accept
Western-educated talents
。 Li Hongzhang's shogunate accommodated up to a few hundred people, and although these hundreds of people had different educational backgrounds and different tasks, they all struggled hard to soothe internal and external troubles.
In the construction of Li Hongzhang's shogunate, he not only carried out army building, but also cultivated many talents who mastered Western technology.
"Master Yi Long Skill to Control Yi"
At the same time, there were many talents in Li Hongzhang's shogunate who returned from studying abroad and played an important role in the diplomatic process.
Li Hongzhang in the shogunate
There is not a single useless person
All the friends he recruited came because of his own needs, and each of them performed their duties and contributed ideas to save China.
Comparison of the Shogunate of ZengLi
The shogunate of Zeng Guofan and the shogunate of Li Hongzhang were both from the late Qing Dynasty of China
The two most famous shogunates
The relationship between the two shogunates was also very close, and both made great contributions to the peace and stability of China at that time.
In terms of scale,
The Shogunate of Zeng had recruited many of the time
Officials and people of insight
There are also some literati and diners who are like-minded with Zeng Guofan
The largest shogunate at the time;
The Li Hongzhang shogunate was actually from the Zengguo shogunate
Derived
In order to learn the advanced technology of the West, not only the Chinese students who returned from studying abroad were absorbed, but also many outstanding talents in China were sent to the West to study, and most of these people later joined the Shogunate of Li Hongzhang. When the shogunate of Li Hongzhang was at its largest, it accommodated hundreds of people,
This is incomparable to the shogunate of The Great Saga
However, the Shogunate of The Great Sagaku was also a shogunate of great scale and influence.
In terms of energy,
Both the Shogunate of Zeng Guofan and the Shogunate of Li Hongzhang have strong energy. The Shogunate of The Great Sagami was
It was formed at a time of national crisis, and it was ordered to be in danger and full of difficulties
However, Zeng Guofan's own personal charm and zeng guofan's xiangjun made great achievements added great energy to the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, making it the door of the dream of people of insight at that time, many important courtiers came out from under the door of Zeng Guofan, and Zeng Guofan was also the first person to advocate self-improvement and advocate sending domestic students to the West to learn advanced technology, which also affected the construction of the later Li Hongzhang shogunate.
The Li Hongzhang shogunate is actually counted
A branch of the Shogunate of the Great Kingdom
However, Li Hongzhang's Huai army was also very good, and its cohesion and loyalty were extremely high, and it made great contributions to the pacification of the war whether during or after Zeng Guofan's death. Moreover, Li Hongzhang's shogunate recruited talents who received Chinese and Western cultural education, and his shogunate was at that time
The shogunate had the largest number of shogunates educated in Western culture
It played a large role in the later construction of the Navy and other industries.
In terms of impact,
Zeng Guofan, as Li Hongzhang's teacher,
As the source of Li Hongzhang's shogunate, it deservedly had a huge impact. In the early days of the construction of the Shogunate of Zeng Guofan, he made great contributions to the battle to suppress the Taiping Army, and many subsequent battles were fought by the imperial court to send Zeng Guofan's Xiang army out of the horse, so that later
The Xiang army was too strong and had to be disbanded
。 In the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, many talents and backbone elites of the imperial court were cultivated, such as Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang and others, and also in the construction of the shogunate of Li Hongzhang and others
To a large extent, it followed the practice of Zeng Guofan.
In addition to Li Hongzhang's great role in the war, his most important influence was
Western ideas and some advanced technologies have been introduced
Although it was not able to fundamentally save China, it was also a huge progress, allowing many people to go abroad to learn a lot of advanced knowledge and technology, laying the foundation for the later patriotic movement.
Both the Shogunate of Zeng Guofan and the Shogunate of Li Hongzhang have made contributions to the defense of the country and the protection of the Qing government, and have also promoted the progress of the country to a certain extent, and they are all attempts made by our patriots to save the motherland, even if the final result is not satisfactory, it is also worthy of our respect.