Kangxi's never increasing the endowment is a joke, first of all, it is never increasing the tax; secondly, the name of this policy is "forever for the quota", which has been beautified into never increasing the endowment; and finally and most crucially, the Manchu Qing government can not collect these money at all, so it is simply exempted to whitewash the "benevolent government", according to this statement, Chongzhen reduces the commercial tax by tens of millions of taels a year, Chongzhen is not as shrewd as Kangxi, and should also come to never increase taxes to beautify himself. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty called themselves "never added", Kangxi's "never added" was not to increase the poll tax, but derived from various "consumption" (that is, damage) such as fire consumption and consumption, and later "spread into acres", which ostensibly seemed to fix the land tax, but increased other taxes. For example, other dynasties generally collected land taxes and commercial taxes, and the land taxes of the Qing Dynasty were relatively low, but other taxes were high, and the centi gold in the late Qing Dynasty was also a kind of tax.
Famine occurred every 2.9 years during the Qianlong period, 1.8 years during the Kangxi period, and cannibalism five times. Once every 1.9 years during the Yongzheng period, the folk cannon beam flag is even more numerous. The so-called rebellion, Kangxi 19 years ago, Hongmen found a man surnamed Zhao, said that it was a descendant of the Song Dynasty, rebelled, "anti-Qing restoration" is throughout the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong Ten Complete Martial Arts included the suppression of Taiwan's Lin Shuangwen rebellion, the late Qianlong period used donation of officials, the so-called donation of officials is to spend money to buy officials, people spend money naturally have to return to the capital, on the one hand, the official government over-exploitation, on the other hand, in the face of famine, the peasants can only rebel and revolt.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was definitely a turning point for the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty should not have fought like the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom because of the Opium War. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom led to the rise of local forces and the decline of the central government's control over the localities, and a clear sign was the Southeast Mutual Protection Incident, which was also the biggest main line of the fall of the Qing Dynasty. The Wuchang Uprising, a small Wuhan rebellion, was able to stir up the whole country for no reason. The reason for the outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, similar rebellions are not nothing, the White Lotus Sect, the Heaven and Earth Society, etc., but why can the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period stir up such a big storm? Because the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is well organized? The outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom shows that the Erosion of the Qing Dynasty has been eaten, and this erosion has class contradictions and corpses in the official arena. When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was destroyed, why the localities were allowed to form armies, they should be aware of the consequences, which also reflected a collapse in the Qing Dynasty's finances.
Before the Taiping Rebellion, China's GDP was still the largest in the world, although it had experienced the Opium War with the British, but because the British itself was deeply involved in the Crimean War, the pressure on the Manchu Qing was really not much. Even the results of the Opium War are somewhat drastic, so there will be a series of wars against China after the Crimean War, and it can be clearly known that before the Opium War, land annexation had already made its interior a powder keg, and the Opium War was just a fuse. From the founding of the Manchu Qing dynasty to its demise, the internal peasant revolt was not less than that of other dynasties, considering the crop factors in the Americas at this time, the oppression of the peasants in the Manchu Qing Dynasty was definitely stronger than that of other great unified dynasties, after all, in addition to class oppression, national oppression has always been very normal there.
The Qing Dynasty lasted for more than 200 years, the population grew to 400 million, and foreign crops played a very important role. High-yield crops such as corn and sweet potatoes began to be planted on a large scale in the Qing Dynasty, and because of their advantages of drought tolerance and suitable for mountain cultivation, they quickly replaced grains such as millet and sorghum and became an important crop second only to rice and wheat. Without this factor, I am afraid that at most by the Qianlong period, the Qing rule would have been in trouble. The fundamental problem of the rise and fall of ancient Chinese feudal dynasties was the problem of eating.
At the beginning of the establishment of the dynasty, the war caused a large reduction in population, especially the landlord class that occupied a large amount of land was directly destroyed physically, and there was a relatively large number of people, and the common people had enough land to grow, enough grain production, and naturally multiplied rapidly. With food to eat, daughters-in-law to marry, children to support, who will rebel? In the middle and late period of the dynasty, the population has been increasing, it is inevitable that there will be less and less arable land per capita, and it will be difficult to make ends meet without causing a disaster, and it will inevitably be impossible to eat when there is a disaster, coupled with land annexation, which has aggravated the food crisis, and it is strange that the people do not rebel.
The peasant people in China are actually very simple, and they are not willing to rebel if they can survive for stuttering, but we cannot ignore the cruel oppression and ideological imprisonment imposed by the Manchu Qing on the people of other ethnic groups. It was precisely because of the invasion of foreign forces and support for the Manchu Qing regime that the Manchu Qing were able to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and survive for decades. The last topic before the return, the Taiping Rebellion at the end of the Qing Dynasty itself had little to do with the invasion of foreign forces, but this uprising brought a fatal blow to the Manchu Qing, and the Manchu and Han division policy that the Manchu Qing had always advocated was useless, and from this incident, it could already be predicted that the Manchu Qing had entered the countdown to extinction.