In October 1936, the Red First, Second and Fourth Fronts met in Huining, Gansu, and the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March ended in victory. In order to open up international lines of communication and obtain Soviet assistance, more than 21,800 soldiers of the Red Fourth Front, which had not rested, crossed the Yellow River in the west at the tiger and leopard mouth in Jingyuan, Gansu Province, on the orders of the Central Military Commission. In the case of a shortage of cotton clothing and ammunition, in the ice and snow, they fought a bloody battle with the troops and militia groups of the Northwest Majia Army, which were several times larger than themselves. In just five months, this 21,800-strong unit, after more than eighty battles of all sizes, was almost completely annihilated, writing an extremely tragic and tragic page in the history of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
In this unit, there is one of the largest and most numerous female military formations in the history of the Chinese Red Army, which is a women's vanguard regiment of more than 1,300 female soldiers. At that time, their average age was not yet twenty years old...
In August 2006, under the organization of the Gansu Provincial Women's Federation, a special TV interview was conducted on the surviving female fighters of the Western Route Army in Gansu, and it was learned in the interview that there were more than 10 female soldiers of the Western Route Army surviving in Gansu, and they were the last female soldiers of the Western Route Army in Gansu.
History | the last female soldier of the Red West Road Army in Gansu
This is an old man who loves beauty, and she has a picture of her wearing a Red Army hat, which she specially went to the photo studio to take pictures, and the Red Army hat was sewn by her own hand. In Heping Street, Wuwei City, we met this old man named Li Wenying, who is ninety years old this year. In 1916, Li Wenying was born in a poor peasant family in Langzhong County, Sichuan Province, and in 1933, at the age of seventeen, Li Wenying joined the Red Fourth Front, and followed the Red Fourth Front army through the snowy mountains and meadows, completing the world-renowned 25,000-mile long march.
Li Wenying: "This hat was made by myself, I was a Red Army, and my personality has not changed until now." ”
The days of fighting in the Women's Independent Regiment of the Western Route Army are deeply imprinted in the minds of the old people, especially the battles of Linze and Gaotai, where the battle was the most difficult. Because of the lack of bullets, the rifle almost lost its effectiveness. And these female warriors, whose average age was less than twenty years old, were tasked with holding Linze City.
Li Wenying: "In Gaotai and Linze, alas, the fight is really too bad to eat, in Linze City, our women's ladder." The horse bandits destroyed the city wall with cannons, and at night we took a ladder one by one, put the dirt blocks on the city wall, and then sent the water to the city wall to freeze into ice. I can't finish talking to you, there are so many that I can't finish it in a few days. ”
In the old man's heart, the most painful thing is not the hardship of war and the harsh natural conditions, but the sacrifice and capture experience of comrades-in-arms.
Li Wenying: "Mom, beat me to death and then slow down." Passing out and slowing down again. When they hit me, they scolded me badly, saying: If you want to fight, you can kill, Lao Tzu came from the revolution, not to give you women. ”
Because Li Wenying was famous for her strong personality, no one in Ma Bufang's army dared to take her home, which allowed Li Wenying to temporarily escape the disaster. However, Li Wenying, who could not bear the humiliation, became even more determined to flee in search of the Red Army. During his detention, Li Wenying escaped four times, but was caught each time.
Li Wenying: "I ran four times and stabbed me a few times, here, here (pointing to the legs, to the back). Such a rough horse whip hit me, with a belt. ”
During the Cultural Revolution, Li Wenying was once again subjected to inhuman treatment, and was beaten almost out of breath several times. But with her stubborn strength, she had to survive. For more than seventy years, she has always been such a person. Perhaps because of this personality, after countless changes, she survived strongly. Today, Li Wenying, who is more than ninety years old, still looks like a female soldier when he wears that military hat.
In a remote courtyard on the outskirts of Lanzhou, there lived a lonely old man. She is Wang Xiuzhen, more than seventy years ago, she came out of her hometown in northern Sichuan to follow the Red Army and experienced a long march of nine deaths. After Huining joined the division, she went west with the Women's Independent Regiment of the Western Route Army. In a battle in Wuwei, she was separated from the large army and suffered hardships. The old man's home was poor, with hardly a single piece of decent furniture. In this old wooden box, there is something that the old man regards as a treasure.
During the interview, Wang Xiuzhen opened a cloth bag and told the author: "This is the Red Army card." ”
This red army card old man has been preserved for many years.
Now, the old man's physical condition is deteriorating, and the ears can hardly hear. But she knew we had come to hear her talk about those unforgettable years.
Wang Xiuzhen: We crossed the river in Jingyuan, we walked a mountain, walked a lot of roads, it was very hard, the snow was so thick, we slept in the snow, we walked in the light one night, and we went into the dark one day. Seventy years later, I have not forgotten this process, sleep at night, leaders and comrades, I can't sleep alone, I think, can I forget it? Our comrades-in-arms, who have gone all the way down, who have gone through the Long March, where they have fought wars, where they have captured reactionaries, have always been in my heart.
This Sichuan girl who was a Qingling girl has now fully adapted to the living habits of the Hui people. She had a rough married life, childless and childless. Her treasured Red Army card witnessed that extraordinary experience, and only the experience of being a Red Army was the spiritual sustenance that supported her to live.
Liu Hanrun, an instructor of the three companies of the first battalion of the Women's Independent Regiment of the Western Road Army, now lives in Jingtai County, a 90-year-old man, still cheerful and cheerful, still like a soldier. Responsive, quick thinking, loud and vocal, sonorous and powerful. She joined the Red Army at the age of 16, and the Hexi Corridor left an indelible impression on her.
Liu Hanrun: "The women's engineering battalion and the women's independent regiment guarded Linze and could not hold it. A week opened, a small town, and finally the enemy surrounded us inside, unable to eat or drink. Water is taken from outside, and when you go out to get water, you are knocked out or captured. “
Liu Hanrun: "80 percent of the women's sapper battalions are women, and they (Ma Jiajun) said: Brothers, rush to the sky to fight and catch the living. Caught a man and a wife. So that the gun into the sky will not hurt us, we will run. It's freezing and angry. The gas in his mouth froze into a popsicle stick, and the eyelashes were white. ”
In the Battle of Liyuankou, the Western Route Army was almost completely destroyed. Only 3,000 men remained to break through the siege and retreat to the hinterland of the Qilian Mountains. The days of hiding from the Ma family's army in the Qilian Mountains were equally difficult. The snow-covered Qilian Mountains only have pine and cypress trees, but the pines cannot be eaten, and they can only rely on digging red soil to fill their hunger and eat ice and snow to quench their thirst. However, the harsh natural conditions could not break Liu Hanrun's will.
Liu Hanrun: I also made up a smooth mouth: "I went up the Qilian Mountains, lived in the old forest, roasted and turned the fire, ate the red clay stacks, drank ice and snow water, and came to replenish the army's food." ”
Liu Hanrun: That is the most arduous, that is more arduous than crossing the meadow, crossing the grassland is not able to eat and wear, it is very frozen, the terrain is not good, here you have to fight, you have to run. We still have to sacrifice so many people, and we still have to do a lot of work, especially if we are both a propaganda team and a combat team, and we also have to save the wounded.
In the Qilian Mountains, the remaining troops of the Western Route Army, which were hungry and cold, and lacked weapons, were eventually outnumbered and defeated miserably. After being captured, Liu Hanrun fled twice and was captured twice.
In 1949, Liu Hanrun looked forward to the day of victory. After liberation, Liu Hanrun approached the local government and asked to rejoin the revolutionary work. So she became a cadre of the Women's Federation, from the township, district to the county, she worked for most of her life, until she left at the age of seventy-two
No matter what kind of environment he was in, Liu Hanrun never forgot that he was a Soldier of the Red Army.
When The female Red Army Feng Peizhen was fifteen years old, she joined the Red Army, crossed the snowy mountains and meadows three times, and experienced countless battles in Hexi. At the end of 1936, Feng Peizhen was separated from the large troops in Gaotai.
For the warriors, when the soldiers are born and die, it is a choice without complaint or regret, but when they are fleeing, they are so helpless. Recalling the battle of Gaotai, the old man said: "Gaotai did not eat when eating breakfast, scattered, east and west and left." I was left alone as I walked, and I couldn't get out of the woods (crying)."
An eighteen-year-old girl, in a foreign country with no relatives, does not know how to walk through those days of loneliness, hunger, fatigue, and fear. She could no longer find the troops, could no longer see her comrades-in-arms, and had to avoid the ma family's army. She was like an isolated goose, panicked and helpless.
Feng Peizhen told this writer, "I went to the mountain and met a few old men, who were a Red Army servant, and said where are you going?" I said to go to the Red Army. Not in one mountain, not in one mountain. I went here, and they said, The Red Army is gone, don't go, you take Grandpa with you to find a home. ”
In this way, after several twists and turns, Feng Peizhen became the daughter-in-law of the Hui family. Time passed, and she was fully integrated into this otherwise strange people. Feng Peizhen has lived quietly in this mountain village for decades, but the old man still remembers the Red Army songs he sang in those years.
"The leadership of the Communist Party is really correct, the Red Army is really good at fighting, it has crushed the turtle shell of the Kuomintang, we are really happy, we are really happy, the main Red Army is us..." (tears)
When we left, the old man stood on the hillside for a long time and refused to leave, she said, after I watched this film you made, I never want to think about it again...
The old man of the female Red Army Zhang Shaoqing is a typical Hui grandmother dress, she was a family member of the Red Army, her mother was once the women's minister of the trade union, and she and her sister Zhang Shaoyi were both actors in the new troupe of the Women's Pioneer Troupe of the West Road Army. When Huining was a teacher, she had seen her mother. Many years passed, and her relatives and the Red Army became her eternal thoughts.
Every female Red Army has a bumpy and bitter history!
However, during the interview, we found that although most of them have become ordinary people and their physical appearance and language have changed greatly, their belief in participating in the revolution has not changed, and although many of them have suffered a lot of grievances and injustices, suffering and bitterness in the years to come, their loyalty to the party and the revolution has never changed. The hearts beating in their chests are still the hearts of the Red Army.
Li Wenying: "No regrets, the more this is more sturdy." ”
Pan Zhongmei: "No regrets, happy to join the Red Army." I am willing to join the Red Army. ”
Chen Guixiang: "I don't regret it, I'm still very happy, then we will sing and dance, very happy." ”
Liu Hanrun: "When I watched the feature film of the war, I said, if I am young, let me go to the front line." I have followed the Party all my life, and I have been saved by the Communist Party. ”
Among the surviving female Red Army soldiers were: Wu Qingxiang, Chen Guixiang, Wang Lanying, Chen Huifang, Mou Bingzhen, and Pan Zhongmei