Since ancient times, the way of dealing with generals has been very exquisite, and Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms period faced Zhang Liao in Lü Bu's camp, and he adopted the method of surrender, of course, it was inevitable about the guarantee of Zhang Liao's personality and Zhang Liao's own loyalty.
However, for Lü Bu, who was known as the "first fierce general of the Three Kingdoms", Cao Cao chose to order him to be hanged, and Cao Cao's treatment of the two was so different, the factors were quite complicated.
In the War of Liberation, however, our army showed full humanitarianism to the nationalist troops that had also been the same national united front against Japan, not only giving preferential treatment to prisoners, but also treating them differently according to the three different subjective behaviors of the opposing generals: "uprising," "surrender," and "surrender."
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the people of the whole country were in a boiling situation, but Chiang Kai-shek did not let the people fully enjoy this joyful mood and openly launched a civil war, which not only lost the hearts of the people, but even made the position of many other Kuomintang generals waver.
Since during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the two parties were on the same front to jointly resist Japan, so they rushed to turn their guns at their compatriots, and many generals of the Nationalist army were full of contradictions and complicated contradictions in their hearts, so during this period, there were many troops and generals who revolted, surrendered, and surrendered, and made great contributions to the final victory of our party.
But their performance in wartime, as well as their subjective will, were different, and their treatment after the victory of the War of Liberation was different. At that time, our army not only gave preferential treatment to prisoners, but also had special rules and criteria for judging the definitions of insurrection, surrender, and surrender.
The highest-paid "uprising"
Among them, the initiative of the "uprising" is the highest, because the "uprising" is a military operation based on ideals and beliefs, which is not affected by the external environment and has nothing to do with the situation on the battlefield.
Because of the positive significance of the uprising, the generals of the uprising of our army generally have a very high treatment, and usually our army will retain the establishment of the "uprising" troops in the original organizational system, and the generals of the uprising will also retain the rank and command right in the troops because they have become "their own members" of our army.
The generals and troops who actively "revolted" are of great significance to speeding up the process of victory in the war and reducing the casualties of the two armies, so it is reasonable to give them preferential treatment.
For example, in the Changsha Uprising in 1949, Chen Mingren's original army, the First Corps of the Kuomintang, remained unchanged, but changed its name to the Twenty-first Corps of the People's Liberation Army, and Chen Mingren's original command and position remained unchanged. He was awarded the rank of general in 1955, and the other two rebel generals who were awarded the rank of general were Tao Zhiyue and Dong Qiwu.
Relatively passive "surrender"
Although "surrender" is also from the enemy camp to our camp, "surrender" has a certain degree of passivity relative to "uprising" and is lower in subjective will, so the treatment of "surrender" is lower than that of "uprising".
"Surrender" is usually when encountering unfavorable conditions on the battlefield and unable to take the initiative to break through, in order not to make unnecessary sacrifices and resistance, choose to go to the enemy camp to surrender, it can be seen from the description that although "surrender" has some positive factors, it is basically a passive choice based on objective conditions.
"Uprisings" generally occur before war, while "surrender" occurs after the two armies have fought, one is based on their own position, the other is based on objective unfavorable conditions and the helpless choice is made, and there is a big difference between the two. Therefore, compared with the rebel generals, their treatment is also worse.
In addition to military generals, their troops will also be treated completely differently from the "insurrectionary" troops, first of all, the original regimental system cannot be retained, and officers and soldiers need to be re-educated, after the completion of education, some soldiers will be dispersed to various combat units, other parts will be scattered in situ, and only a few officers can stay in the original unit to assist the commander.
Although the treatment is not as good as that of the rebel generals, the surrendered generals are worthy of recognition in terms of patriotic thinking, and they can also be promoted through the subsequent combat performance, and the highest can also be achieved at the vice-national level, although their thinking is relatively backward, they will definitely not be treated as war criminals.
Subjective will to passively "surrender"
"Surrender" is similar to "surrender", but one is to actively lay down weapons, the other is to passively lay down weapons, surrender basically has no initiative at all, so it is also the lowest treatment among the three methods. In general, "surrender" usually occurs when the troops run out of ammunition and lose their combat effectiveness completely.
In fact, "surrender" and "surrender" are sometimes difficult to judge; theoretically speaking, "surrender" is generally the initiative to lay down weapons under the military pressure of our army, while "surrender" means to passively lay down weapons when the battle is exhausted, but there are indeed some generals and troops who resist stubbornly at first, and later find that they cannot fight and demand "surrender."
In a sense, "surrendering" is no different from being captured in defeat, but the generals who "surrender" are not punished, and generally speaking, they will eventually be given freedom.
However, due to the highest passivity of "surrender", their units will no longer enjoy various preferential treatment, their original structure will be abolished, and soldiers can only be treated as prisoners of war, either disbanded on the spot, or educated and reformed and incorporated into our army.
Among them, Du Yuming, Wen Qiang, Wang Yaowu, Huang Wei, etc., had to be reformed until 1959 at the earliest to return to society, and after being captured, most of the Kuomintang generals cooperated with the reform, had a good attitude, and were released early. But there are exceptions, with relatively stubborn generals such as Huang Wei and Liu Zhenxiang not being released until 1975, but this is still a minority.
brief summary:
The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression against Japanese Aggression against japanese aggression against Japanese aggression was fought against japanese aggression against japanese war and war war against japanese war
The war of liberation launched by Chiang Kai-shek is obviously contrary to the general righteousness, so many generals of the Nationalist army have thrown themselves into the camp of our party and our army regardless of their own positions.
Our party's division of enemy generals who surrender in different ways of behaving is very reasonable; they are compatriots of the motherland, the same anti-Japanese alliance, and the same talent force for building a new China.