Women have a disease that is easy to appear in the third trimester of pregnancy – gestational diabetes.
Pregnant mothers generally perform oral 75g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) around 24-28 weeks of pregnancy: test the amount of blood glucose before taking sugar, 1 hour after taking sugar, and 2 hours after taking sugar. If the three blood glucose values are lower than 5.1mmol/L, 10mmol/L, and 8.5mmol/L, respectively, it is normal.
Gestational diabetes refers to the abnormal amount of glucose metabolism in women during pregnancy, that is to say, if any of the above indicators of blood glucose reach or exceed the standard value, they can be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
At present, in Our country, the incidence of gestational diabetes has reached double digits, between 10% and 20%.
Most doctors and pregnant mothers, the attitude towards gestational diabetes is actually more extreme, one is to say that the consequences are very serious, such as the possibility of giving birth to a huge child, the risk of diabetes in pregnant women will be greater in the future, etc., the other is not very serious, because the level of blood sugar will return to normal after giving birth, and the impact on pregnant women and children will not be apparent after several years, it is long-term, chronic, and some are well controlled, and may not have an impact.
However, for the sake of future health, it is recommended that pregnant mothers should control blood sugar during pregnancy.
Why do you get gestational diabetes?
Insulin resistance
Insulin is the only hormone in the human body that lowers blood sugar. Many people always think that diabetes is because insulin is not secreted, but it is not, and there is another reason why insulin does not work seriously.
In the second and third trimesters, the amount of diabetic hormone secreted by the placenta increases rapidly, and these hormones can fight against the insulin secreted by the mother's pancreas, so that insulin loses its hypoglycemic effect, which is called insulin resistance.
If the function of the pregnant mother's pancreas is not able to overcome insulin resistance, then the metabolism of glucose will have problems, resulting in gestational diabetes.
Congenital inheritance
If a pregnant mother's parents or siblings have diabetes, or if the pregnant mother has a risk factor for gestational diabetes in her genes, the risk of having gestational diabetes rises.
Obesity during pregnancy
Obese people have a higher risk of three highs (high blood pressure, high blood lipids, and high blood sugar) than normal people. Many pregnant mothers increase their nutritional intake during pregnancy and their activity decreases, which can easily lead to obesity and increase the risk of gestational diabetes.
Effects of age and previous fertility history
When the pregnant mother is more than 30 years old, the anti-insulin substances in the body will increase, the blood sugar consumption will be slower, and the chance of having gestational diabetes will also increase;
If you have gestational diabetes at the time of pregnancy, or have given birth to a huge fetus (the birth weight of the fetus ≥ 4 kg), and have a bad birth history (multiple pregnancies, multiple miscarriages, fetal malformations, unexplained stillbirth), etc., it will lead to an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
Lack of trace elements
Although the only hormone that lowers blood sugar is insulin, some trace elements in the body can also indirectly regulate blood sugar levels by participating in the synthesis, secretion, and metabolism of insulin.
Vitamin D deficiency may trigger insulin resistance, and high copper, low calcium, low zinc, low potassium, etc. all increase the risk of gestational diabetes.
How to treat gestational diabetes
Control weight gain during pregnancy
At 25-40 weeks of pregnancy, under normal circumstances, the average weekly growth is 0.5Kg, and it is necessary to avoid excessive weight gain in the short term.
Strictly control diet
Eat less and more meals, control the amount of food eaten at each meal, eat less fine grains, eat more brown rice and coarse grains, such as: oats, buckwheat, barley, millet, corn, etc.;
Supplement with appropriate folic acid and fiber, 0.4-0.8mg of folic acid per day, and about 20g of fiber. In addition to miscellaneous grains, you should also eat more foods containing crude fiber, such as: seaweed, corn bran, wheat bran, peel, etc., and you can also eat more leafy vegetables and fruits, such as: oil wheat, leeks, celery, apples, oranges, etc.;
Edible oil can choose soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, peanut oil, tea oil and so on.
Exercise appropriately
Do not sit for a long time during pregnancy, you can properly open your legs, carry out some gentle exercise, increase the amount of exercise, such as: walking after meals, yoga, etc., do not do strenuous exercise such as fast running. In the process of exercise, it will stimulate insulin to be more sensitive, so that glucose is greatly absorbed and utilized by the body, so as to achieve the purpose of lowering blood sugar.
Necessary medications
If the above three ways can not control blood sugar within the normal level, then it is necessary to take hypoglycemic drugs under the guidance of a doctor or use drugs such as insulin to control.
Although gestational diabetes will have a certain impact on the body of pregnant mothers, pregnant mothers should also pay attention to maintaining a peaceful attitude, optimistic and cheerful, and not to be depressed all the time, affecting the normal development of the fetus.