On February 9, 1936, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army arrived in Bijie, Guizhou, and immediately launched an operation to beat up local tycoons and divide their property, and soon they found an old landlord who was nearly a year old landlord in the compound of a deep house on Cross Street, and arrested him and raided his home.
However, at this time, a strange scene occurred, they found a lot of Marxist-Leninist books from the old landlord's bookshelf, opened it, the book was densely packed, there were many circles and labels, it was obvious that the owner of the book read very seriously.
"The landlord still reads Marxism-Leninism?" Doubtfully, they reported the matter to the head of the Red Sixth Army.
Soon, the mass meeting was convened, and a surprising scene occurred again, when the old landlord stood on the stage to accept criticism, the people on the stage defended him one after another, saying that he was upright, a good man, and did not oppress the common people.
This move of the people made Wang Zhen, then political commissar of the Sixth Army, and Xia Xi, director of the Political Department, realize that they may have arrested the wrong person, so they immediately talked to the landlord, and when asked why the old landlord did not leave before the Red Army came, the old landlord replied: "I think Marx is right, I believe in Marxism, your Communist Party is talking about Marxism, so I don't need to leave!" ”。
These words intrigued Wang Zhen and Xia Xi, and they asked, "Our Communist Party's policy is to oppose Chiang Kai-shek and resist Japan. ”。
The old landlord laughed and said, "Yes, totally yes." ”。
Soon, the old landlord was released home and also distributed family wealth, and from then on, Wang Zhen and Xia Xi often went to his home to explain the party's principles and policies to him.
Who is this old landlord? Why did he become the commander of the Guizhou Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army? Today, I want to tell the story of this old landlord Zhou Suyuan.
Zhou Suyuan, whose real name is Zhou Peiyi, came from a small local landlord family, his father served as a teacher in the Songtao Hall of Guizhou Province, his mother was born in a local rich family, he read and learned since childhood, the couple had 8 children, and Zhou Suyuan ranked seventh.
When he was young, Zhou Suyuan was brilliant and sensitive, and at the age of four or five, he could memorize many Tang poems, and at the age of 16, he passed the examination and became a Gongsheng.
Unfortunately, the Qing government at that time was corrupt and incompetent, and after the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, the "Maguan Treaty" was signed, which stimulated Zhou Suyuan greatly, and also made him realize that the Four Books and Five Classics could no longer cope with the current environment.
In 1897, an official was extremely appreciative of Zhou Suyuan's articles and advised him to specialize in studying scriptures, but Zhou Suyuan rebuffed him: "Now that strong neighbors are around, the country will fall into a situation of being divided up by the great powers at any time. ”。
From this time on, Zhou Suyuan tried to collect new books, learn new knowledge, learn capitalist developed countries and science and culture, and gradually, his ideas tended to be new and reformed.
But soon he discovered that the Qing government's so-called change of law was only to cover up people's eyes and ears and fool the masses, so he predicted that in the near future, a revolutionary wave would break out to overthrow the Qing government, so he began to prepare for the revolution.
In 1907, he founded the "Qianbao" to promote patriotism, and soon after, he established the Guizhou Autonomous Society with Zhang Bailin and others, began to engage in revolutionary movements, and at the end of 1910, he joined the League, followed Sun Yat-sen in making a revolution, and led the Guizhou Uprising.
Unfortunately, the fruits of the Guizhou uprising were eventually stolen by the warlord Tang Jiyao, and Zhou Suyuan began his exile, successively serving as an investigator of the Beijing Inspection Bureau, the secretary of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the secretary of the Northwest Frontier Defense Army's Border Envoy Office.
It was not until 1921 that Zhou Suyuan returned to Guizhou and served as secretary general of the General Headquarters of the Qianjun Army, secretary general of the General Headquarters of the Qianjun Army, director of the Guizhou Government Affairs Department, and secretary general of the provincial government.
Although he was highly powerful, he served the warlords and watched them do something wrong, which made Zhou Suyuan very disdainful, so in 1925, he resigned and returned to his hometown, quit the military and political circles in Guizhou, and began to study behind closed doors, looking for a real way to save the country.
During this period, he extensively dabbled in Darwin's "On the Origin of Species", Adam Smith's "TheOry of Rich Countries", "The State and Revolution" on Marxism-Leninism, "Popular Capital", "New Political Capital", etc., Zhou Suyuan all studied it intensively, and finally came to a conclusion that the only thing that could save China was Marxism-Leninism.
For his own experience, he once told the warlords in Guizhou, but unfortunately, he only played the piano to the cow, and no one paid any attention to him, so Zhou Suyuan thought of the Communist Party.
When the Red Army arrived at Bijie, bureaucrats, landlords, and gentry fled in the wind, but Zhou Suyuan did not leave, he said to these people: "I don't have much family property, I don't have to go!" Thus, there is a scene at the beginning of the article.
From the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War, Zhou Suyuan began to seek a way to save the country, and finally chose Marxism, and he had great appeal in Guizhou, and such a person was naturally the object of organization and struggle, so there was Zhou Suyuan as the commander of the Guizhou National Salvation Army.
Zhou Suyuan, who took office, did not disappoint the Red Army, in just a few days, under his call, the number of Guizhou National Salvation Army grew to 3 detachments, the peasant association also established more than 30, and the expansion of the Red Army was also rapidly launched, absorbing more than 5,000 new recruits at once.
In addition to serving as the commander of the Guizhou National Salvation Army, Zhou Suyuan also began united front work, writing letters to Long Yun, Sun Du, Lu Daoyuan and others, hoping that they would sympathize with the anti-Japanese resistance and act in concert with the Red Army.
Unfortunately, the Red Army at that time was in an extremely difficult situation, and these warlords and bigwigs did not buy it much, and in order to show their loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek, Long Yun directly photographed Zhou Suyuan's letter, submitted it to Chiang Kai-shek, and posted a notice.
Sun Du, on the other hand, still gave face, adopted the method of "passively preserving strength", creating conditions for the Red Second and Red Sixth Armies to cross the Jinsha River through Yunnan.
When the Red Army left Bijie, Zhou Suyuan also left with the Red Army, which was considered to be halfway to participate in the Long March, and in July, the Red Army arrived in Lower Ganzi in Xikang, and Zhou Suyuan exposed Chiang Kai-shek's traitorous behavior of surrendering to Japan through the radio, calling on the provinces to revolt against Japan.
In October, in Minzhou, the Gansu Provincial People's Revolutionary Committee was established, zhou Suyuan served as the minister of education, in December, Zhou Suyuan followed the Red Army through the Long March road, arrived in Shaanxi, followed by the Xi'an Incident broke out, under the instructions of Chairman Mao, Zhou Suyuan wrote letters to He Yingqin, Wang Boqun, Wu Zhongxin, Zhang Xueliang, Zhu Shaoliang and others.
In 1937, when the negotiations came to a standstill, Zhou Suyuan wrote to Zhang Daofan, Zhang Ji, Feng Yuxiang and others, calling on them to promote cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhou Suyuan was appointed as a senior senator of the Eighth Route Army, mainly doing united front work, carrying Chairman Mao's handwritten letter, visiting the Kuomintang authorities in the northwest, trying to rescue political prisoners, and taking the opportunity to publicize the CPC's anti-Japanese stand and expand its influence.
In order to unite against Japan, Zhou Suyuan successively went to Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming and other places, in Kunming, he also successfully called on a group of young people to study in Yan'an, and sent 20,000 boxes of Yunnan Baiyao to Yan'an for emergency transportation.
Later, Zhou Suyuan went to Guiyang again, but here, he was warned: "You had better go back to your hometown to recuperate!" ”。
Under the close supervision of the Kuomintang, Zhou Suyuan returned to Bijie and began a life of "recuperation", which was more than 10 years.
Finally, in November 1949, when the People's Liberation Army advanced westward from Guiyang and Kuomintang officials fled, Zhou Suyuan, who was already 70 years old, stepped forward to organize the Bijie County Branch Committee to maintain local order, and did not advance west to prepare grain.
When the People's Liberation Army arrived, Zhou Suyuan wrote to the Kuomintang Liu Heming, Luo Xiangpei, and others, and under the persuasion of Zhou Suyuan, these people surrendered one after another.
In 1950, the 72-year-old Zhou Suyuan received the notice of the organization and went to Guiyang to serve as vice chairman of Guizhou Province and vice governor of Guizhou Province, adding bricks and tiles to new China.
In 1958, Zhou Suyuan died at the age of 80, and after his death, Zhou Enlai and others sent a telegram of condolence, and the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee also sent a pair of telegrams: "Ten thousand miles of the Long March, the people's cause is supported; one heart obeys the truth, And Marxism-Leninism has a meeting." ”。
In just 4 sentences, it summarizes the friendship between Zhou Suyuan and the people's government.