In the Chinese of the 1960s and 1970s, few people did not know about Liu Wencai's landlord manor, which was located in Anren Town, Dayi County, Sichuan Province, which was once a "big classroom of class education" and left a deep mark on the times.
But when you look back at the 21st century manor, in addition to condensing the blood and sweat of the working people oppressed by the landlord class, it is also a well-preserved national architectural complex that attracts many visitors.
The history behind Liu's manor, and the specific history created by that era, is the history of Liu Xiang. Liu Wencai was a large landowner, and war broke out in the 20th century after Liu Xiang and Liu Wenhui warlords took control of Sichuan and Xikang.
There are many precious cultural relics of great historical significance in the manor, almost all of which are of the highest quality, including the cultural relics of The Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan.
Liu's Manor "Brilliant"
After the fall of the Qing government, the voices of the revolution prevailed, and during the chaotic years, a large number of warlords appeared.
Among them, Liu Xiang and Liu Wenhui became great warlords and controlled Sichuan and Xikang Liu Wencai; Liu Wencai, a large landowner, because of his relationship with Liu Wenhui, soon became rich, and he spent a lot of money to build Liu's manor.
1958 was an extraordinary year.
On a north-winded morning, a group of young workers drove out of a steel factory in Anren Commune, Dayi County, to an open area called "Three More and Four Beams" and launched a "onslaught" on a large luxury cemetery here.
The boys spent the whole day digging a small hole in the back of the grave, and on the third day they finally found a body in the coffin.
At that time, the entire landowner's property belonged to the Chengdu Military Region camp, and the specific authority was the Sichuan Office under the jurisdiction of the Chengdu Military Region.
In order to specify the cruel oppression and exploitation of the peasants by the feudal landlord class in old China for thousands of years, the superiors also decided to keep the manor and turn it into a library.
The manor covers an area of more than 70,000 square meters, with a total construction area of more than 20,000 square meters, a length of more than 300 meters from north to south, and two building complexes, liu Wencai's old mansion in the south, built in 1932, and a new mansion built by Liu Wencai for his younger brother Liu Wenhui in the north, which was not completed until 1942.
To this day, the manor still reveals a luxurious and elegant style, and the four characters of "Pray for the Year of Blessings" on the gate are still very eye-catching.
According to Liu Dayi's estate, the four and a half streets of Anren Town are owned by Dujiangyan, and the town's money houses, theaters and tobacco houses are all Properties of Liu Wencai.
In addition, he owns more than twenty banking establishments, five pawn shops, seven factories and 28 mansions.
The courtyard where Liu Wencai collects rent is the backyard of the old mansion, and the large-scale clay sculpture "Rent Collection Courtyard", which was a sensation in the 1960s and 1970s, is an artistic treasure that many people appreciate.
The manor exhibition hall was officially established in 195811, and after more than two months of intense preparations, the landlord manor exhibition hall officially welcomed the manor exhibition hall.
The 19-room informal exhibition is divided into three main sections: a life of luxury; social relations between bureaucratic bullies, bandit warlords, and feudal guilds; and the most shocking tools for oppressing and exploiting working people.
In the exhibition hall of real estate, the most well-known is the "water prison", which has the greatest impact on the times.
In 1988, the Propaganda Department of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture issued the Reply on restoring the original state of the Opium Warehouse in the Water Prison.
The Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Culture and the Wenjiang District Administration respectively arranged 3,000 yuan and 2,000 yuan for the production of "Rent Collection Institute", and the teachers and students of the Academy of Fine Arts issued the "Rent Seeking Exhibition Hall" according to the standard of 18 yuan / person / month / day, and office expenses, travel expenses, postage, etc. were all reimbursed by the exhibition hall.
"Rent Collection" is not smooth sailing, there are many people dedicated to the fit, accuracy and vividness of personality, many times it is easy to get it, and there are also many farmers who are Liu Wencai's tenants, they always stand aside and take the initiative to ask Miao to be models.
There were a dozen people participating before and after, and none of the statues were done by one person, usually one person on the big mud, one person on the fine mud, and then a third person on the image.
On July 4, 1965, the "Rent Collection" was hastily published, and people from all over the world came to visit, and the literary and art circles wrote: "This is a great beginning." ”
In the spring of 1968, the "Rent Collection Courtyard" was revised, and the sixth part added "Capture Liu Wencai Alive" and "Building the Red Regime",70,70 the "Rent Collection Courtyard" was revised, and the clay sculpture group portraits of the "Rent Collection Courtyard" were copied in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places.
Liu's heritage is of great significance, educational significance, and itself is a "wealth", in addition to a large number of precious cultural relics, the material wealth accumulated by this large landowner is also unimaginable.
A rare treasure of Liu's Manor
Liu Bei's manor is full of mystery.
Above the incense case in the inner courtyard, hangs a golden shrine tablet with the word "Shou" written on it, with different glyphs, a total of nine lines, and 11 characters written on each line, forming a "Hundred Shou Map" with 99 "Shou" characters.
The jewelry room has a beautifully carved 13-storey ivory tower and an exquisite 9-story ivory ball, both of which are First Class artifacts.
The ivory tower and ivory ball are said to have been given to him by Sun Yat-sen in the 1920s by his old league member Yu Qiu, the former commander-in-chief of the Sichuan Army, but how they fell into Liu Wencai's hands is a mystery.
There are also 10 precious pairs of Yang Lian in the calligraphy and painting hall, including Liu Yong, a scholar of Qingdongge University, Weng Fanggang, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty Cabinet, and even Zuo Zongtang, a military minister at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and Kang Youwei, an important leader of the "Penghu Reform Law".
The golden tablets have also been recognized as national third-class cultural relics.
The museum also has a relic of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: Chinese-style rosewood screw and marble furniture.
This set of rosewood seats is placed on a huge pedestal with a beam-column structure, which is divided into two groups and is located on top of 8 large columns, dividing the pedestal into a middle hall, a left hall and a right hall.
The middle hall is a hall with two sets of seats, while the left and right halls are small halls, each with a set of seats.
On the two pillars of the hall hangs a couplet: Wanli River Mountain and the heroic deeds of the Sixth Army.
On this couplet, you can also see the shadow of Hong Xiuquan, which was originally written in the palace: Heavenly Destiny Demon, Thousands of Mountains and Rivers into the Capital; Wang Hesi was furious at the bluff of the Sixth Army.
In Liu's manor, Yang Lian was left behind in the second half, and cut off in the first half, which is more correct, for a mysterious landlord Liu Wencai, the "demon" in the first half seems to be too heavy.
On the central beam hangs a plaque that reads: Taiping Unification.
That is to say, the inscription of the plaque also comes from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the plaque of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom reads "Heaven", the east and west sides write "The World under the Same", and the left side says "The World under the Same".
Equally ironic, these rosewood chairs end up in the middle of Liu's manor.
The 8 seats are 108 cm high, 99 cm wide and 60 cm deep and decorated with 27 precious beads surrounded by floral motifs.
At the end of the 1985 gallery, more than 20 experts and scholars were invited to "diagnose" the value of the heritage.
The audience watched with interest, their eyes falling on the 2742 treasures.
Finally, everyone agreed that this manor is rare in the whole country, that it is a microcosm of the process of the birth, development and demise of the landlord class in modern Chinese history, a typical reflection of the form and style of the landlord class in which I live in Sichuan, and an aspect of historical development.
In 1988, in Liu Wencai's new museum, the Chuanxi Folk Customs Museum was officially opened, and there were more than 1,900 pieces on display, including a wedding dress hall, a folk craft hall, a production and life hall, and a Liu Xiang exhibition room.
Among them, the huge "West Sichuan Style" shows in detail the customs and living conditions of the west Sichuan region with extremely delicate brushstrokes, and is known as the "Qingming River Map" in modern Sichuan West.
In 1993, the exhibition hall took the residence of Liu Wencai,the fourth brother of Liu Wencai, as an opportunity to establish a luxurious architectural treasures museum in the photography room of the Imperial Palace Calligraphy and Painting Hall, which is comparable to the Forbidden City.
In November 1996, with the approval of the State Council, the Landlord Manor Exhibition Hall was identified as a "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" and eventually renamed "Dayi Liu Manor Museum", showing the unique cultural characteristics of the Shu Country, rare treasures and little-known old mansion.
The old mansion is the largest and most impressive, with winding porches and aisles leading to the rent collection yard, the workers' house, the inner garden, the back garden and the Lady's House.
Liu Wencai slept on the golden dragon pillar, only one step away from the 9-square-meter gold flower bed, and the house where the five aunts lived has now been restored to its original position, and all the rooms give people a traditional cultural comfort feeling.
The museum also has a luxury Ford sedan that Liu Wencai bought in the 1920s, which has great historical value.
In the backyard of Liu Wencai's new mansion, there is a house in the East Wing, the interior of which is actually a hidden vault, the vault is inverted "mountain" shape, poured by reinforced concrete, and the outside of the three steel plate doors is camouflaged with wooden walls, which is difficult for people to find.
There is also a sentry room upstairs, which seems to hide a lot of Liu Wencai's previous treasures.
This is enough to show that Liu Wencai is a suspicious person, with the passage of time, everything about him has disappeared, and Liu Wencai's family property still exists, which is enough to explain his story.