Liu Bang had three talents who were highly regarded by later generations, namely Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin, who were known as the "Three Masters of the Early Han Dynasty".
In the process of establishing the Han Dynasty, they all made great achievements, but in the end, the fate of the three people was very different, which is worthy of deep consideration by future generations.
Liu Bang completely relied on his own spelling, relying on the help of Zhang Liang, Xiao He, Han Xin and others, and finally seized the world, Liu Bang's way of employing people, with Zhang Youchi, embodies a very high art.
Compared with Liu Bang, Xiang Yu was quite deficient in employing people. Fan Zeng was Xiang Yu's brainstorm, but his advice was often not taken.
If Xiang Yu had taken Fan Zeng's advice, Liu Bang had already been killed at the Hongmen banquet, where would there be a later Chu-Han struggle for hegemony?
Liu Bang himself had summed up the reasons for Xiang Yu's failure, and not listening to Fan Zeng's opinion was one of them.
(Liu Bang)
Liu Bang is a man who will stop at nothing to achieve his goals. When Han Xin forced Liu Bang to make himself the King of Qi, Liu Bang, in order to take advantage of Han Xin's military talents, although he was very angry in his heart, he still remained silent and met Han Xin's request.
Later it turned out that it was Han Xin's use of troops that Liu Bang eventually occupied Xiang Yu.
Liu Bang once said: "In the midst of strategizing, decisive victory is thousands of miles away, I am not as good as the sub-house; the town and the state, to care for the people, to give the reward, not to stop the grain road, I am not as good as Xiao He; even millions of people, the battle will be won, the attack will be won, I am not as good as Han Xin." All three of them are for my use, so I win. ”
It can be seen that the three masters of the early Han Dynasty performed their duties and were of importance to Liu Bang's seizure of the world.
Liu Bang's reuse of Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin was the driving force of political interests.
With the establishment of the Han Dynasty, these three people became potential opponents of Liu Bang because of their talents, and their relationship with Liu Bang also changed.
In the midst of this kind of stormy meeting, why did Zhang Liang and Xiao He get a good death, but Han Xin died?
(Zhang Liang)
Among the three, Zhang Liang was born into an aristocrat and was a person with ideals. He once cashed qin shi huang unsuccessfully, and became acquainted with Liu Bang while on the run.
The Chronicle of History says, "Good and dead, the inter-line belongs to the king of Han." Often for the painter courtiers, from time to time from the King of Han".
Zhang Liang was well aware of Liu Bang's psychology, and he had been working hard to help Liu Bang establish a unified dynasty and preach the idea of "Pei Gong And Heavenly Endowment".
Opposing some people's suggestion that Liu Bang "restore the Six Kingdoms to the hereafter" is very much in line with Liu Bang's appetite.
Zhang Liang has a clear understanding of the historical development trend, so he can give Advice to Liu Bang at the strategic level, and he is the most important strategic designer of Liu Bang.
Because Chu is strong and Han is weak, on the issue of Han Xin, he suggested that "the monarch can share the world with the whole world, and can be established." ”
Let Liu Bang adopt a pacification strategy against Han Xin in exchange for Han Xin's support. When the Xiang Yu clique collapsed, he urged Liu Bang to "attack the Qi king's army and become the king of Chu" and take away Han Xin's military power.
(Xiao He)
Xiao He was Liu Bang's great housekeeper and had super organizational and management skills, and Liu Bang called him the first hero.
When Liu Bang attacked Xianyang and all the generals were competing for gold and treasures, Xiao He promoted the Qin Dynasty's "Imperial History Law Order" to collect the books, laying a good foundation for Liu Bang to later "know the world's doom, the number of household registrations, the strengths and weaknesses, and the people's suffering".
Xiao He is an excellent HR. It was he who discovered Han Xin's talent, thought that Han Xin was "unparalleled in the country", and clearly told Liu Bang that if he wanted to fight for the world, Han Xin had to do it.
When Han Xin fled, Xiao He staged a great drama of chasing Han Xin on the night of the moon, prompting Liu Bang to set up an altar to worship Han Xin as a general.
In the Battle of Chu and Han, Xiao He helped Liu Bang guard the base camp of Guanzhong, "Transferring to Cao Guanzhong, there is no shortage of food." ”
The task of Liu Bang's logistics minister was perfectly completed.
Liu Bang claimed that the emperor said that Xiao He often had "the merits of the world". "The edict ordered Xiao He to be the first, to carry a sword to the temple, and not to enter the dynasty." Great recognition was given.
(Han Xin)
In the face of liu Bang's favor, Xiao He was very sober-minded, he formulated the laws of the Han Dynasty, suggested "ruling without doing anything", and finally being able to "crown the group of subjects and give to future generations", it can be said that among the founding heroes of the past, Xiao He's fate was one of the best.
Han Xin is a hero whose heart is higher than the sky, whose life is as thin as paper and who is very conceited. Most of his life was unsatisfactory, he did not have to eat when he was young, and he was humiliated; he could not use it after following Xiang Yu, and he was not reused after following Liu Bang, if it were not for Xiao He's recommendation, perhaps he could only live in obscurity for a lifetime.
On the other hand, Han Xin is also an extremely conceited person.
He was always looked down upon throughout his life, so he needed to show his ability with talent and status, and to rely on the name of "King of Qi" to prove his success.
Needless to say, Liu Bang's ability to tolerate Han Xin's extortion in his own critical time also proved that Han Xin was indispensable to Liu Bang.
But Liu Bang needed Han Xin to serve himself, not Han Xin to serve his own personal pursuits.
The relationship between Han Xin and Liu Bang is different from that of Zhang Liang and Xiao He, they are actually a relationship of mutual use, and this relationship is quite unstable compared to Zhang Liang and Xiao He.
After Liu Bang became emperor, the basis for cooperation between Han Xin and Liu Bang was gone, and Han Xin became a dangerous figure that Liu Bang wanted to eradicate.
The political power of the ancient monarchs could not be shared, and if the founding heroes did not recognize this fundamental problem and wanted to struggle against the imperial power in the distribution of political power, the consequences would be very tragic.
The difference in the fate of the three masters of the Han Dynasty was caused by the difference in the three people's understanding of this issue.
After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, those old brothers fought for merit and rewards one by one, but Zhang Liang believed that Liu Bang "was loved by Xiao and Cao's ancestors, and those who were condemned were all hated in their lives."
Now that the military officials have made meritorious contributions, they have been sealed with the lack of the whole world, and this genus is afraid that His Majesty cannot be sealed, and he is afraid that he will see the suspicion of ordinary life's faults and curses", so "I am willing to abandon human affairs and want to swim from Akamatsuko." ”?
(Zhang Lianggui)
Zhang Liang, this person, belongs to the kind of person who has ideals and strives for ideals, and he really does not pay attention to fame and fortune.
His ideal was to overthrow the tyrannical Qin, and if he only wanted to live a superior life, he would not have to risk assassinating Qin Shi Huang.
Zhang Liang is a Korean nobleman, with no worries about food and clothing, not for the ideal, why should he hang his head on his pants to rebel?
So after the establishment of The Surge, Zhang Liang completed his wish, his life has been completed, and he does not want to take on political responsibility anymore.
Especially after Liu Bang was preparing to abolish Prince Hui, Zhang Liang invited Shangshan Sihao to force Liu Bang to issue a sigh of "the wings have been formed, it is difficult to move", Zhang Liang did not want to be "suspected of life's faults and curses" by Liu Bang one day, so he gave up his power and returned to the hidden forest.
Xiao He's personality can be described as an old adulterer. He recommended Han Xin for Liu Bang's cause, but it was also for his own political interests.
Later, in order to protect himself politically, he could betray Han Xin without hesitation, leaving behind the eternal aria of "success is also Xiao He, and defeat is also Xiao He".
As early as when Liu Bang and Xiang Yu exchanged troops, "Xiao He often sent troops from Guanzhong, and was summoned by the edict of the Above. ”
Liu Bang was really so relieved about Xiao He? Non also. Liu Bang sent people to comfort Xiao He many times, which was actually a kind of temptation, a test of loyalty.
Xiao He himself knew that "the King of Han was suspicious", so he sent his sons and nephews to Liu Bang's ranks in exchange for Liu Bang's trust.
When Xiao He first entered Guanzhong, he won the hearts of the people, and all the letters written by the people were with Xiang Guo, and he was also reprimanded by Liu Bang, and Xiao He had to use the method of destroying his reputation through bribery and perverting the law in exchange for Liu Bang's dispelling doubts.
This also shows that Xiao He is a person who can use any means for his own sake, this kind of person has a strong ability to survive, is accustomed to meeting the wind and steering, grasps the intention of leadership, and is a tumbler in the official arena.
(Death of Han Xin)
Han Xin's personality determines that he does not know how to restrain his words and deeds regardless of the occasion. Han Xin proposed to act as the King of Qi, which was politically naïve and the cause of his eventual murder.
Han Xin "has the power of the Lord in the position of a subject, and his name is high in the world", which is what Liu Bang is most afraid of.
After Liu Bang demoted Han Xin to the Marquis of Huaiyin, Han Xin said that he was ill and did not come to express his dissatisfaction, which was even more foolish.
Therefore, Sima Qian said, "If Han Xin learns to be humble and humble, and does not attack himself, and does not respect his ability, then he will be a few." ”
Pu Tong once suggested to Han Xin to support the army and stand on their own, although Han Xin did not adopt it, but this has always been Liu Bang's heart knot.
The degraded Han Xin 'day and night resentment' strengthened Liu Bang's determination to eradicate him.
If Liu Bang wanted to establish a unified state with supreme imperial power, he would certainly not allow the existence of kings with different surnames, and the feudal system of Liu's descendants was parallel to that of counties and counties, which was a political system in line with Liu Bang's wishes.
As the supreme ruler, Liu Bang would not be reluctant to get rid of Han Xin, who "carried me with his car, dressed me with his clothes, and ate me with his food".
(Liu Bang and Xiao He)
The imperial power of feudal society is supreme, and any subordinate must rely on the imperial power to exist, so after Liu Bang completed the unification of the country, he trusted the Confucian students represented by Lu Jia, and liked the Confucian etiquette that the Confucian students formulated for him.
Perhaps Liu Bang looked down on Confucianism, but he also had to admit that Confucian rule had a clever way of controlling the people.
Liu Bang needed Confucian officials who were subject to imperial power, subordinates who had no political ambitions, not dangerous people like Han Xin who had great prestige and energy and wanted to be princes.
Although Xiao He was a chancellor, Xiang Quan had always been suppressed by Liu Bang. Liu Bang later used the excuse of the Shanglin Yuan incident to squeeze Xiang Quan, if it were not for Xiao He's subservience and obedience, it was unknown what fate awaited him.
The relationship between Liu Bang and the Three Jies of the Han Dynasty is to put it bluntly a relationship of use and need, and the three masters can only be tolerated by the imperial power if they play a role within the scope of the norms.
Therefore, it is not at all strange that three people have three personalities and three destinies.
Reference: Chronicle of History