The establishment of the people's army mainly relied on the organization and leadership of the uprising, the famous Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Guangzhou Uprising, the Shonan Uprising, the Pingjiang Uprising, etc., which became the backbone of the development of this contingent in the future, but in the period of the agrarian revolution, there was also an uprising of the Kuomintang army, and 17,000 regular troops joined the Red Army en masse, so that the Red Army ranks grew into a main army, that is, the Ningdu Uprising that broke out on December 14, 1931. Today, we introduce the deeds of Ma Liangjun, a company commander of the Nationalist Army who participated in the Ningdu Uprising.
Ma Liangjun, also known as Jing Rong, a native of Xi'an, was born in 1910. In the winter of 1926, General Feng Yuxiang led the National Revolutionary Army into Xi'an. Ma Liangjun had graduated from junior high school at this time, and because he could not stand the abuse of his stepmother, he resolutely interrupted his studies and entered the Northwest Officers School founded by General Feng Yuxiang and embarked on the road of joining the army.
After graduation, Ma Liangjun was assigned to the headquarters of the Second Front Army and served as a platoon leader in the pistol regiment, which was originally Feng Yuxiang's guard regiment, and later promoted to the pistol brigade, with Feng Yuxiang's close confidant and brother Ji Zhentong as the brigade commander, and Ji Zhentong's pistol brigade was a favored "proud son", "ace", and "the concubine of the concubine family" in Feng Yuxiang's northwest army.
Ji Zhentong's pistol brigade was strong and well-equipped, each with three major pieces: the most advanced infantry submachine guns, barge pistols and sabers at the time, and five grenades. Officers and men are very well paid, their martial arts are outstanding, everyone is very brave in fighting, often goes into battle shirtless, and is a well-known "death squad", which Feng Yuxiang is very partial to. Ma Liangjun was able to enter the pistol brigade, and was appointed to the position of platoon leader just after graduating from the military academy, which shows that he is deeply valued in both ideological quality and military quality.
However, after the defeat of Feng Yuxiang in the Central Plains War, he was forced to go to the field, and Ji Zhentong's unit, led by Sun Lianzhong, was first moved to the Jining area of Shandong Province, and reorganized into the Twenty-sixth Route Army, and the original pistol brigade of which Ji Zhentong was the brigade commander was organized into the 74th Brigade, and Ma Liangjun served as a platoon leader in the cadet company of the brigade. Therefore, at this time, Ma Liangjun, who was 20 years old, was actually equivalent to the position of a company-level officer of the combat unit, that is, a company commander.
In the spring of 1931, the Twenty-sixth Route Army was transferred to Jiangxi to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army, in an attempt to kill two birds with one stone, not only to strike at the growing and victorious Central Red Army, but also to weaken and deplete the forces of the miscellaneous armies of the non-concubine troops in the war.
Finally, on December 14, 1931, under the leadership of Zhao Bosheng, chief of staff of the Twenty-sixth Route Army, and Ji Zhentong, Dong Zhentang, and Huang Zhongyue, the main leaders of the Twenty-Sixth Route Army, the Ningdu Uprising was successfully launched, and more than 17,000 well-trained officers and men of the former Northwest Army joined the Red Army, greatly expanding the strength of the central base areas.
During the Ningdu Uprising, Ma Liangjun's 74th Brigade Cadet Company was ordered to the Su Family Ancestral Hall to deal with some reactionary officers who were unwilling to revolt, they quickly and resolutely eliminated several blockers who dared to resist, successfully completed the task, Ma Liangjun, who was led by the Student Company, led the elite force composed of subordinate non-commissioned officers to participate in this battle, and made a contribution to this, so when this unit was reorganized into the Red Fifth Army after the uprising, after Ma Liangjun entered the Red Army unit, because of his merits, instead of being demoted, he was like a fish. He was promoted from company commander to regimental commander.
The Fifth Red Army went to the front line and threw itself into the anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, and successively participated in important battles such as Ganzhou, Longyan, Zhangzhou, and Shuikou. In particular, in the Battle of Shuikou, the Red Fifth Army fought fiercely with the enemy and showed an extremely heroic and tenacious fighting style. The Fifth Red Army became a strong force in the Central Red Army, and as the regimental commander, Ma Liangjun was outstanding in meritorious service and repeatedly accomplished miraculous feats.
Subsequently, Ma Liangjun's unit was incorporated into the 14th Division directly under the Red Army, and he served as the commander of the 41st Regiment, participated in the fifth "Guangchang Defense Battle" against "encirclement and suppression", fought fiercely with the enemy for 18 days, took the lead as a soldier until he was wounded, and after returning from his wounds, the troops were incorporated into the Red Eighth Army, and he still served as the regimental commander.
At the beginning of the Long March, Ma Liangjun's Eighth Army, together with the 3rd, 5th, and 9th Armies, took on the task of covering the large-scale transfer of the Central First Field Column (i.e., the Central Military Commission Column) and the Central Second Field Column (i.e., the Central Column) from both flanks and rear. In the fierce Battle of Xiangjiang, the Red Eighth Army was cut off and scattered by the enemy, and the personnel losses were serious, after crossing the river, the original 11,000 troops, only more than 600 combatants were left, ma Liangjun was one of the survivors of this brutal battle.
In June 1935, the First and Fourth Fronts were in the MaogongHui Division, and then mixed into the Left and Right Route Army, Ma Liangjun served as the commander of the 38th Regiment directly under the jurisdiction of the Fifth Army directly under the left route army, and later transferred to the higher command section of the Red Army University of the Fourth Front Army (the cadets were cadres at the regimental and battalion levels) as a military instructor.
After the Long March of the Red Fourth Front entered southern Gansu, Gannan was a concentrated area of ethnic Minorities Tibetans and Hui (Huimin Duoma surname), and probably because of his surname Ma, Ma Liangjun was appointed commander of the Huimin Sixth Route Army of the Gansu Provincial Anti-Japanese Salvation Army of the Red Fourth Front. The First, Second, and Fourth Fronts of the Red Army met in Huining Division, Gansu Province, and until the establishment of the Western Route Army, Ma Liangjun was still the commander of the Huimin Sixth Route Army of the Gansu Anti-Japanese Salvation Army.
After the formation of the Red Army's Western Route Army, Ma Liangjun became the commander of the Huimin Detachment of the Red West Road Army, and accompanied the Headquarters of the Fifth Red Army, and successively participated in major battles such as the Battle of Tumen, the Battle of Linze, and the Battle of Liyuankou.
However, after more than half a year of fighting, the Western Route Army was defeated in the Hexi Corridor, and the headquarters held a Shiwozi conference deep in the Qilian Mountains in the retreating Southern Sunan, and decided to disperse the guerrillas and independently seek a survival path to reach Xinjiang in the west or run east back to the central government. Ma Liangjun was left with only more than 10 Red Army soldiers left, and in the Huangfan Mountains of Qilian Mountains, he negotiated with Ma Bufang's Han Qigong troops in the Huangfan Mountains, and in a fierce encounter, Ma Liangjun was unfortunately wounded and arrested.
After that, he was imprisoned in Ma Jiajun Prison for a long time, until September 1937, Ma Liangjun was rescued by the organization, sent to the Xi'an office of the Eighth Route Army, and then returned to his hometown for two months, during which time Ma Liangjun introduced his cousin to Yan'an to participate in the "Kang Da" This cousin later served as the station chief of the Luochuan Military Station of the Eighth Route Army.
At the end of 1937, Ma Liangjun received a notice from the organization and returned to Yan'an to report, but the following year Zhang Guotao fled, and the "old people" of the Red Fourth Front were greatly affected, and Ma Liangjun was no exception, and he was "imprisoned and censored" in March 1938. Of course, this is very common for a cadre who has been imprisoned by the enemy for a year, so Ma Liangjun is not surprised and honestly accepts the organizational review.
However, what Ma Liangjun did not expect was that the people who had returned with him had successively arranged new posts and new jobs, but he did not pass this examination, and an important reason was that a news item published in Ma Bufang's "Hexi Daily of the Republic of China" had a great connection, and finally he was given several major crimes such as "getting preferential treatment from Ma Bufang," "writing about the fighting history of the Western Route Army for the enemy," and "persuading Red Army cadres to surrender," and was defined as a "traitor" by the relevant censors and secretly executed.
Later generations believe that his three charges are debatable, first of all, the reports of the enemy's newspapers are not all believed; secondly, because of the openness of the battle, both sides of the battle are very aware of it, and the combat experience of the Western Route Army does not seem to be a secret; and for the "persuasion of the Red Army cadres", in fact, there is no clear record in the historical data of who the Red Army cadres ma Liangjun persuaded to surrender were, so the death of this senior Red Army general is very controversial.