"Shallow Water Margin" No. 500 (Text/Jiaomu)
There is actually a lot of unpopular knowledge in the Water Margin, and sometimes a word can say a lot of things. Usually, I write two or three long articles a week explaining the unpopular clothes, food, shelter, walks, gods, demons, ghosts, monsters, etc. For example, what is the food "fish" in the Water Margin, why the good men prefer to eat fat meat, the water jacket they wear, the shackles worn by prisoners, what the words on their faces are, and the blue-faced sage, the general of the five paths, and where are the five saints, etc., these are all things that need to be popularized.
Of course, I have already written about these mentioned, and interested friends can flip through them and search for keywords.
In addition to these, some of the place names in the Water Margin are also interesting. For example, Wuwei Army, Huandao Village, Shijie Village, Liangshan Shuipo, Drinking Machuan and so on. Today, let's continue to talk about the place names in the Water Margin, that is, Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing and Beijing. Are these place names still in place today, and are they consistent with those that preceded?
Let's start with Tokyo
In fact, the great unified dynasty of ancient China did not have more than one capital, in addition to the main capital, there was also a capital. The capital is sometimes used as a capital city. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, although the capital was Chang'an, Luoyang was the capital of The Companion, also known as the Shendu and Dongdu, because Luoyang was relatively east.
For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty and other dynasties, their capital was set at Luoyang. Because Luoyang also has the status of Kyoto, Luoyang is also called Tokyo from the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Li Longji declared himself empress dowager, and also changed the eastern capital Luoyang to Tokyo.
However, after the Tang Dynasty, China's economic center of gravity shifted south, Luoyang lost its status as a capital city, and Kaifeng's status rose and replaced Luoyang, so Kaifeng became Tokyo. For example, Kyo is an identity, and whoever is strong is determined by whom. What is the specific name of Beijing, but also depends on the location.
Let's talk about Beijing
Water Margin has mentioned Beijing more than once, and Lu Junyi and Yan Qing are Beijingers. But Beijing at that time was not today's Beijing, but referred to the DamingFu of Hebei. According to the "Geographical Records of the History of the Song Dynasty", in the second year of the Song Renzong Qing calendar, that is, in 1042 AD, the DamingFu officially became Beijing.
It has been almost a hundred years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, so why did the Northern Song Dynasty still get a Beijing out?
Speaking of which, this is related to the relationship between Song and Liao at that time. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong Zhao Heng, Song and Liao had tense relations, swords and guns, ready to fight at any time. Emperor Zhenzong had several imperial conquests, all of which were "stationed" in the Daimyo Province, after all, this was a military town. Because the Daming Palace itself had the foundation of the palace, coupled with the subsequent relaxation of relations between Song and Liao, the two countries reached a reconciliation, so Song Renzong built Beijing in Daming as a capital.
This is followed by Nanjing
Today's Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, was once the capital of the Three Kingdoms sun wu, the southern dynasty Song Qi Liang Chen and other regimes. From the Three Kingdoms to the Republic of China, there are 10 official regimes that have set the capital here, so it is also called the "Ten Dynasties Metropolis". However, Nanjing during the Northern Song Dynasty was not today's Nanjing.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Nanjing referred to The Shangqiu in Henan. In the Water Margin, Nanjing has been mentioned several times. Jin Cuilian's father and daughter went to Tokyo to join their relatives, but the man moved to Nanjing; Chao Gai, in order to save Liu Tang, lied to Lei Heng that Liu Tang was his nephew and that his sister had moved to Nanjing more than a decade ago.
In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, in 1014 AD, Shangqiu in Henan was built as Nanjing. Because Shangqiu is located on the main road and has access in all directions, its status is quite high, and Nanjing Guozijian was also one of the highest schools at that time.
In fact, there are many Nanjing in history. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanjing was the guide yang; during the Tang Dynasty, the capital was Nanjing, but only for a few short years; the Liao Dynasty, with today's Beijing as Nanjing; the Jin Dynasty, with Kaifeng as Nanjing; after the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di moved the capital, the original Kyoto, that is, today's Nanjing, became Nanjing.
Finally, There is Xijing
In the Water Margin, Xijing is mentioned many times, no less than Tokyo, mainly in the story of Wang Qing's origins.
Xijing earliest refers to today's Xi'an, especially during the Han and Tang Dynasties, Xi'an was the most important capital city, and there was a novel in the Han Dynasty, called "Xijing Miscellaneous Records".
By the time of the fifth dynasty, because of the rise of Kaifeng's status, Luoyang was no longer called Tokyo, but its status was still there after all, so it was still the capital, but because it was located in the west of Kaifeng, it was called Xijing.