Recently, I discussed the purchase of electric vehicles with my colleagues, and I said that when the range is 1500 kilometers, I will consider buying an electric car. Why this number? Because according to the electric car winter endurance discount, 750 kilometers of endurance is just enough for me to drive back from Shanghai to my hometown in Shandong, without charging in the middle.
Of course, there is no electric car on the market that can reach 1500 kilometers, and the discount is also a rough judgment I give based on my own test driving experience, and there is no accurate number in my heart.
However, The Emperor of Understanding Cars recently conducted a winter endurance test on 41 popular new energy vehicles on the market, allowing us to see the true performance of new energy vehicles in winter.
Why does winter battery life shrink?
In the power battery, the charged ions charge and discharge by diffusing the movement between the positive and negative electrodes, but the electrolyte is very sensitive to temperature, the activity will be greatly weakened at low temperatures, and the diffusion motion ability of the charged ions will become poor, and it is impossible to freely embed and detach at the positive and negative electrodes. The external performance is that the charging and discharging ability becomes worse, the endurance is reduced, and the charging is slower.
Test conditions
The winter test was carried out at the Hulunbuir Winter Automobile Test Site of China Automobile Center, and the test temperature was minus 20-minus 15 °C. This is a very representative temperature, like Heilongjiang Daxinganling, Heihe, which are the coldest places in the country, and the average winter temperature is exactly in this range. In Shandong, only the coldest days of the whole winter will reach below -10 ° C.
In addition, uniform standards have been used in the use of vehicles in the test. Before the test, the vehicle is fully charged and left in the garage overnight. After the test begins, a driver drives the vehicle to complete the high-speed road conditions, urban road conditions and comprehensive road conditions.
During the test, the driving mode of the vehicle is uniformly set to the most economical driving mode and the kinetic energy recovery is adjusted to the maximum, the tire is the recommended tire pressure, and the air conditioning temperature is set to 24 degrees automatically, and the endurance change during the test process is recorded until the mileage reaches zero.
The image above is the final test score. Generally speaking, the heavier the model, the higher the power consumption, so it is of little significance to compare the power consumption of these models together, here we focus on the actual mileage and achievement rate.
Actual endurance autonomous pressure joint venture
There are 33 pure electric vehicles in the 41 models tested, and we only count the results of these pure electric vehicles here. The 33 models basically cover the camp of major brands, including 11 new forces, 14 independent brands, 3 joint ventures only Volkswagen brands, and 5 luxury brands of Porsche, Audi, Polestar and Tesla.
In general, models with larger battery capacity have a longer range. In this test, the battery capacity of the top ten models with actual mileage is above 70kWh, and 4 models are around 100kWh. thereinto
In terms of actual endurance, of all models, only the WEILAI EC6 and Xiaopeng P7 have a real endurance of more than 300 kilometers. Independent brands (including new forces and traditional independent brands) performed very well, and 7 of the actual endurance TOP10 were shortlisted, all of which exceeded 270 kilometers. According to the average consumer's usage intensity of 1000 km / month. These models can be charged once a week in winter and can be used for an average of 40 kilometers per day.
The achievement rate is still better than joint ventures
In the ranking of achievement rate, 7 independent brand models (including new forces and traditional independent brands) also entered the top ten list, and the achievement rate was above 50%. Leaving aside such an extremely positioned model as the Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, there are still 6 autonomous models.
The most surprising thing here is that the highest achievement rate and the lowest endurance attenuation are not those high-end cars with hundreds of thousands of dollars, but the cheapest Hongguang MINI EV that does not even have a liquid-cooled heating system.
Why would the champion be a Macro MINI EV? I think there are two reasons for this. First of all, the Hongguang MINI EV body is very light, and the motor power is only 20kW, so the power consumption of the Hongguang MINI EV is very low, and the actual test of 100 kilometers of power consumption is only 13.5kWh, which is the most power-saving among the 33 models. This advantage allows the Macronic MINI EV to save more electricity in winter.
Secondly, the power consumption control strategy of Hongguang MINI EV is very aggressive: when the power is less than 50%, the power begins to weaken; when it is less than 40%, the heating effect of the air conditioner weakens; when it is less than 30%, the speed limit is within 60km/h; when it is below 10%, the air conditioner stops working; when the power is 0, it can only creep at low speed. In contrast, other models generally limit speed and air conditioning systems when they are below 20% or even almost exhausted.
Such a power control strategy is not difficult to understand. As a low-end model, the biggest mission of the Hongguang MINI EV is to solve the problem of transportation, not enjoyment. If the owner is allowed to drive unscrupulously in winter, the endurance of the Hongguang MINI EV may only be tens of kilometers, and it is completely impossible to use normally.
Although in the top ten of the endurance achievement rate, independent brands performed well, but in the countdown list, the number of independent brands is more, and there are 8 models in the bottom ten. Among them, the WM W6 battery life discount is the most serious, and the achievement rate is only 35.4%, close to 1/3. At the same time, Aean and Zero Run have two models shortlisted. I have had a test drive of The Ethiopian safety model, and the test results are relatively close to my actual experience, even if the temperature is right, the false standard of the Aeon brand is more serious.
In fact, it is unfair to only look at the number of models shortlisted in each list, after all, the number of models of independent brands in this test far exceeds that of joint ventures and luxury brands, so the average achievement rate will be more representative. Among them, luxury brands have the highest reach rate, which is mainly due to the excellent performance of Audi e-tron and Porsche Taycan, reaching 58.56% and 54.64% respectively. Tesla seriously dragged its feet, Model 3, Model Y 42.78%, 46.80% respectively, it can be said that it is very bad.
The average achievement rate of traditional independent brands is second only to luxury brands, reaching 47.25%, higher than the 45.81% of the new forces and 44.92% of the public. Therefore, although the traditional independent brand electric vehicles are convenient in intelligent technology, although the new forces are cool, the strength of the three electric technologies should not be underestimated. The low public achievement rate is mainly due to the poor score of ID.3, and the score of ID.4 and ID.6 is actually acceptable, 51.73% and 44% respectively. 12%。
Heat pump air conditioning has obvious advantages
Heat pump air conditioning as a new energy-saving technology in recent years in the rapid popularization of new energy vehicles, Extreme Kr 001, Dolphin, Tesla and other models are installed. In this test, the heat pump air conditioning model also showed excellent energy savings. After turning on the air conditioner for half an hour, the endurance of the heat pump model dropped by 15.4 kilometers, which was better than the PTC heating model by 19.5 kilometers, and the energy saving was increased by 21%.
There is a big difference in charging speed
The impact of low temperature on winter cars is not only driving the discharge process, but also charging. In this test, all models increased charging time by an average of 70% at -15°C.
However, it should be noted that the charging speed of different models varies greatly, and the charging speed of some models under low temperature conditions is still faster than the speed of the official label, and the fast charging time of individual models has increased by 257%, which is very obviously affected by temperature. In addition, battery preheating is one of the main factors affecting the charging time, and the charging speed of the vehicle is significantly accelerated after the temperature rises.
Seeing this, I think everyone has a clear idea of how much the winter endurance of electric vehicles will be discounted. The industry generally believes that battery technology is difficult to have a big breakthrough in the next few years, as a consumer, we still have to consider the problem of winter endurance shrinkage when buying electric vehicles.
Finally, it needs to be explained that the test conditions are more extreme, the temperature of minus 20-minus 15 degrees will only appear in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places, and the winter temperature in North China and East China will rarely be so low, and the endurance of electric vehicles will not be as obvious as the shrinkage in the test. Moreover, the test of understanding the car emperor did not indicate whether the driving style was uniform, you know, rough driving will also seriously affect the endurance performance. Therefore, the results of this test can only be used as a reference. In fact, everyone still has to do it because of the place and the person.
AUTHOR RushB
"Don't leverage, the bar is your right"