The reason why Fan Wencheng was able to leap from a down-and-out showman and a slave of the Eight Banners to an important minister in his lifetime lay in the appreciation and trust of Emperor Taiji. It is said that after the death of Emperor Taiji, what will happen to Fan Wencheng?
After the death of Huang Taiji, Fan Wencheng ushered in the darkest day of his life.
Emperor Taiji did not make a prince during his lifetime, nor did he appoint an heir when he died. Who will inherit, everyone stares at the emperor's throne. After some compromise, the six-year-old Fu Lin was put on the throne. However, Adali and ShuoChen still jumped up and down, strewn around. Their actions infuriated Daishan and the others, and in the end, the two were executed for treason. What does this have to do with Fan Wencheng? Originally, Shuo Chen was the owner of the Zhenghong Banner, and Fan Wencheng happened to belong to the ZhenghongQi. The patron died, the flag lord was also killed, and Fan Wencheng, as a prominent civilian minister, was in danger. Fortunately, Dorgon valued him more and thought that he was a useful talent, so he did not kill him, and transferred Fan Wencheng from the positive red flag to the yellow flag. Fan Wencheng is grateful for this.
However, blessings do not fall twice, misfortunes do not go alone, one wave is not flat, one wave rises again. The owner of the yellow flag was Dorgon's brother, Duoduo, the king of Yu County. Dodo is unlearned and in a violent mood. He was very dissatisfied with his eldest brother Emperor Taiji, because when Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne, he ordered his mother Abahai to accompany him to the funeral. Duo Duo saw that Emperor Taiji's cronies had arranged them into his own banner, and he thought about finding some guilt for him, disgusting. He found out that Fan Wencheng's wife was very beautiful, so he sent someone to snatch her to his house. For Duoduo's bullying behavior, Fan Wencheng dared to be angry and did not dare to speak out, after all, he was the banner lord Wang Ye and the master of Fan Wencheng.
After the news spread, Duoduo's approach aroused the disgust of many princes, who accused Duoduo of not being so arrogant. Dorgon was also angry at his brother's approach. Therefore, he ordered Duo Duo to return Fan Wencheng's wife and ordered him to be punished. After some discussion, the princes decided to fine the multi-trodon with a thousand taels of silver and deprive them of the fifteen cattle with yellow flags.
Fan Wencheng's wife was placed under house arrest by Duoduo for three months, and although she was wronged, she was able to overcome the danger and return home safely. This incident hit Fan Wencheng very hard. He was such a big official, but in the eyes of the Manchu relatives, he was still a slave, without the slightest dignity or status.
However, Fan Wencheng was not disgusted or dissatisfied with this. On the contrary, at the critical juncture when the Qing army entered the customs, he still offered suggestions and suggestions for the entry of the Qing Dynasty.
In April of the first year of Shunzhi, Fan Wencheng synthesized the situation in the Ming Dynasty and believed that the Ming Dynasty was on the verge of collapse under the blows of peasant rebels in many places. Therefore, he wrote to Dolgun and sent an army to attack the Ming Dynasty as soon as possible and seize Beijing. He said in the recital that the current situation is exactly like the last year of the Qin Dynasty, "Qin lost its deer, and Chu and Han chased it away." Now that the Ming Dynasty has ceased to exist in name only, we are now entering the army, ostensibly to compete with Zhu Ming for the world, but in fact to compete with Liukou. Now is a good time to "become a great cause to rest in the world", if this opportunity is lost, it is too late to regret it. Dorgon took Fan Wencheng's advice, and five days later, he led a large army to march towards Daming.
Fan Wencheng is familiar with history and has a clear understanding of the establishment of the country by successive dynasties. He was very prescient, believing that the Qing army was going to fight for the right to rule the world, not to plunder property. If you want to sit firmly in the country, you must gain the approval of the people, and only in this way can the regime have legitimacy. Therefore, before sending troops, Fan Wencheng also said that the regent must strictly discipline this time when he enters the army, must not wantonly slaughter, must not rob property, and must "the army and the people have no offense." Dorgon adopted this suggestion and strictly disciplined military discipline, stipulating that "those who resist will be punished, not slaughtered, not burned houses, and not plundered..."
After Wu Sangui surrendered, Dorgon defeated Li Zicheng at Shanhaiguan. At that time, Fan Wencheng followed Dorgon on his own expedition. The war was extremely destructive, and the local peasants were very afraid of the Qing people. At this time, Fan Wencheng vigorously appeased the people after the war. After the war, Fan Wencheng led the civilian officials to issue notices in a timely manner to appease the people. He said in the notice that the Qing Dynasty army was a righteous soldier, Li Zicheng killed your emperor, and we are here to avenge the killing of the king for you. The Qing army was strictly disciplined, committing suicide as a "thief" and not killing the people. He also creatively put forward the slogan of "those who return from officials will return to their officials, and those who return from the people will return to their professions." This trick is really clever, and it has played a great role in calming people's minds. At fan wencheng's call, many people surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.
On the second day of the first month of May, the regent Dorgon strode into the Wuying Hall in the Forbidden City.
The city of Beijing is in, but how to rule next is a big question.
At this time, Fan Wencheng showed his superb ability to govern the country.
First, restore order in the city of Beijing. On the second day after entering Beijing, Fan Wencheng told Dolgun that guards should be set up at various gates of Beijing to protect the safety of the people, prohibit soldiers from robbing the people of their belongings, and restore order in the city of Beijing. He also said that in the Qing Dynasty, "it is obtained from thieves, not from the Ming Kingdom", and in this way, the contradiction is skillfully transferred.
Second, mourn for the Chongzhen Emperor. Fan Wencheng suggested that a beautiful funeral be held for the Chongzhen Emperor as soon as possible, so that the people of the whole city could come to pay their respects, and take this opportunity to publicize the Qing Dynasty's tolerant policy. On may 4, Fan Wencheng drafted an edict in which he said: "Li Zicheng, a common man who originally came to the Ming Dynasty, dared to kill the emperor and expose Chongzhen's corpse to the wilderness. Now, the officials and people of the world mourned Chongzhen for three days, and buried the Chongzhen Emperor according to the emperor's specifications. This move touched many Ming Dynasty veterans, and they came out to support the Qing army.
Third, follow the official system of the Ming Dynasty and formulate the official system of the Great Qing Dynasty. After Fan Wencheng entered Beijing, he recruited officials from various ministries, formulated controls, approved taxes, and collected archives, and he became the actual organizer of the Qing government.
After the implementation of this set of policies, Beijing quickly stabilized, and the people's resentment gradually disappeared. It was thanks to this series of fruitful preparations that the young lord Fu Lin was able to hold an enthronement ceremony in Beijing on the first day of October 1644.
If a country also has face and Lizi, after the death of Emperor Taiji, the face of Daqing is Dolgun, and Lizi is Fan Wencheng. He formulated the policy of entering the army, improved the official system, determined the policy of tolerance, eased contradictions, won the hearts and minds of the people, and improved the system, and his credit for the unification and stability of the Qing Dynasty was not under Dolgun. It is no wonder that the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" commented that he "had the achievements of ignorance, and regarded Xiao, Cao, Fang, and Du as well." ”
Fan Wencheng's second article is written here. Continue with the third part tomorrow. If you have any comments and opinions, you can exchange them in the comments section.