As the seventeenth grandson of Fan Zhongyan, Fan Wencheng was one of the first Han Chinese to defect to the Manchu Qing. In order to help the Manchu Qing defeat the Ming Dynasty, he bowed down all his life. Some people think that he has made outstanding contributions to the reunification of the country, while others think that he is a traitor. Fan Wencheng has been through four generations of emperors of the Qing Dynasty, assisted by three Qing Emperors, and made great contributions to the development of the Qing Dynasty, and is known as one of the "Ten Great Strategists" in Chinese history.
Fan Wencheng was a minister of the Ming Dynasty, and when the Qing army entered the customs, he chose to surrender to the Qing army. This was undoubtedly an act of traitor, followed by Fan Wencheng's advice for the Qing army, after which the Qing army began to use Fan Wencheng's strategy to attack the Ming Dynasty.
Fame and discredit
From the third year of Tiancong to the fifth year of Tiancong, in just two years, Fan Wencheng used his ability to completely conquer Huang Taiji. More importantly, Fan Wencheng defeated the Ming Dynasty step by step with his own ability and became one of the founding heroes of the Qing Dynasty. The "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty" evaluated Fan Wencheng as "Wencheng set a big plan, Zuotai praised Xiang, and Zuo Mingxun was the highest." As for why Fan Wencheng should bear the name of the ancients and serve the Qing Dynasty. I think the reason may be simple, because he has talent, and he is eager to show his talent, and in order to show his talent, he doesn't care who he serves. It's like a sharp sword that doesn't want to decay into the dirt, so don't care who is using it. Perhaps, the reason why Fan Wencheng has become the most successful traitor in history is only because his desire for meritorious service is more than anything.
Governing the world is first and foremost about employing people
Fan Wencheng also boldly proposed that the first thing to govern the world lies in the use of people, and in view of the Qing Dynasty's abuses of emphasizing the Manchus over the Han nationality and engaging in nepotism and sectarianism, he suggested that all the ministers and ministers of the imperial court should recommend talents "regardless of whether the Manchus are old or new, regardless of whether the Manchus are old or new, they are not informal, they do not avoid grievances, and they take the real talents and keepers" to serve as officials at all levels. Fan Wencheng selected and cultivated talents in this way, which won the praise of the Shunzhi Emperor. In 1654 (the eleventh year of Shunzhi), in recognition of Fan Wencheng's merits, the Qing court added Shaobao and Prince Taibao, and later to Taifu and Prince Taishi, and in 1657 (the fourteenth year of Shunzhi), he added a rank of enzhao and collected his portrait in the imperial palace.
How much he contributed to the Qing Dynasty proved how much he owed to the Ming Dynasty, which he himself did not want to mention. Therefore, there are so many reasons why daming has descended to the Qing, and the biggest reason why Fan Wencheng has been criticized by later generations. After entering the Central Plains, Dorgon's power grew, and there were constant disputes inside and outside the imperial court. Fan Wencheng therefore chose to resign, receiving retaliation from Dorgon, and then after Dorgon's death, Shunzhi pro-government gave Fan Wencheng a knighthood. In the 5th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Fan Wencheng died of illness after going through the Four Dynasties, and died at the age of seventy.