The surging news learned that "Shunzhi Qinghua Books and Paintings" was recently exhibited at the China Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing, and the exhibition mainly collected blue and white porcelain from the Shunzhi period, briefly introduced the general situation of porcelain production at that time, and elaborated on the style characteristics of Shunzhi blue and white porcelain from the aspect of ornamentation, so that the audience could appreciate the cultural relics while understanding the social background of blue and white porcelain production at that time.
Qing Shun zhi blue and white autumn leaf pattern plate
Qing Shunzhi (1644-1661 AD, Qing Dynasty Zuai Xinjueluo FuLinnian) dynasty lasted eighteen years, because the new regime was established on the ruins of the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty, social unrest, the economy was seriously damaged, a hundred wastes were waiting to be revived, the political situation had not yet fully settled down, and it was impossible for the Royal Kiln Factory to fully resume large-scale production, so the Jingdezhen porcelain industry was once depressed and the output was very small. The Qing Dynasty Ye Mengzhu's "Reading the World" records: "At the beginning of the Shunzhi Dynasty, Jiang Youfu ping, the soldiers were not stopping, and the ugliness of porcelain was worse than the old, and the price was more than ten times. Jingdezhen still follows the temporary emergency measures taken at the end of the Ming Dynasty, "if there is a life, it will be provided, and if it is not, it will be stopped." The production of official kilns was stopped, so official kiln porcelain was rare, and the civil kiln began to fully resume large-scale production.
Qing Shunzhi blue and white character pattern
According to Lanpu's "Jingdezhen Taolu", the construction of a factory in Shunzhi to burn imperial vessels began in the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1654), and the first time That Raozhou Shoudao Dong Xianzhong, Wang Tianju, Wang Ying and other overseers did not make the dragon cylinder. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Zhang Siming, the governor of the Ministry of Works, Gapa, the governor of the Ministry of Works, and the King of the Ministry of Works Langzhong, etc., supervised the construction of large instruments such as railing plates and dragon cylinders, but although it took a lot of manpower and material resources, they still did not succeed. This shows that although the production of the official kiln in Jingdezhen was in a low tide period at that time, it had never stopped, the number of official kilns was small, the fineness was obviously not high, and some were relatively rough. Shunzhi kiln mainly fired several varieties such as blue and white, multicolored, white glaze, yellow glaze and eggplant purple glaze, of which blue and white dominated.
In addition to the commonly used bowls and plates, the blue and white porcelain type in the Shunzhi period is more common in pen holders, cylinder bottles, incense burners and other furnishings and offerings, and the early ornamentation is mostly travertine autumn leaves, and the later character stories, Bogutu, Rui beast diagram and other subjects with literary interest appear in large quantities, of which the character-themed pictures mostly have storylines, and some also have inscriptions. More influenced by literati painting, the overall imitation of calligraphy and painting composition, poetry and painting printing are sufficient, this type of porcelain is also the most distinctive variety in the Shunzhi period.
Kiyoshiji blue and white flower bird pattern cylinder bottle
The text on Shunzhi blue and white porcelain can be seen in three categories: calligraphy, lishu and cursive, cursive only found in the travertine autumn leaf pattern bowls and plates in the early Shunzhi period, entitled: "Pengzi Spring Moon Zi Xin Xuan Book" "Wutong a leaf falls, the world knows autumn" and so on. Most of the writings on the bottom paragraph are in letters, including "Great Qing Shunzhi Year System" and "Yutang Jia Ware", etc., and the inscriptions on incense burners, flowers, cylinder bottles and plates are mostly found in letters or lishu, of which incense burners, flowers and other offerings are dedicated to prayers, and bottles, pen holders and plates and other furnishings are multi-inscription poems. Shunzhi blue and white porcelain painting still continues the style of the late Ming Dynasty, the quality of the tire glaze is improved and the blue and white water separation technology is more mature, porcelain craftsmen will prints and literati painting into the porcelain painting, the theme of ornamentation is both the yunlong, flowers, baby play popular before the late Ming Dynasty, as well as the character story drawings derived from printmaking and imitation of literati paintings of mountain stone flowers, birds and landscapes.
Qing Shun zhi blue and white travertine poetry pen holder
For example, the Qing Shunzhi Blue and White Travertine Poetry Pen Holder, the pen holder draws two travertines a week, with a rugged shape, showing the sunny side of the stone with the more common sunlight of the Shunzhi Kangxi Dynasty, the dark places are decorated with dark dots, and the ground is painted with coarser dots grass or moss, all of which are common painting techniques at that time. At the opposite place between the two travertines, the poems "Cong Gui Cang Cang, Hibiscus Condensation, Only a Thousand Peaks, Divine Travel" are written in green materials, the falling section is "Jia Wu Spring Day is written as a ten thousand rods and fine houses", and the plutonium is printed "Forest" and "Jing". The ornamentation of this pen holder from the layout, inscription poems, and stamps almost completely imitates the format of the literati painting, the picture is elegant and comfortable, the writing text adopts the form of Yi Kai yi li, which is quite ancient, and after the fall of the model, a circle and a party seal are drawn, just like a blue and white painting of the strange stone map.
(Some of the information in this article comes from the China Three Gorges Museum in Chongqing and Wang Chunjing's related articles.) ）