In the Qing Dynasty, the drums of the two money bureaus of Datong Province and Yanghe Province minted coins
World of Cultural Relics, No. 6, 2002 Wei Wenjiang
In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), the Ministry of Qing households approved the minting of copper coins in Datong Province. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), the general of Datong rebelled against the Qing, and from the sixth year of Shunzhi to the twelfth year of Shunzhi, qianju drumming was cast for six years. In 1655, the Yang and WeiQian Bureau moved back to the Datong Provincial Money Bureau. From 1645 to 1722, the Datong, Yanghe and Qian bureaus cast 77 years of drumming, and minted Shunzhi I-style money, Shunzhi-type money, Shunzhi-type money, Shunzhi five-style money, and Kangxi Tongbao imitation Shunzhi five-style money. Qian Wen wrote in letters and read directly, and the QingHu Department has always used the five kinds of money minting system of Shunzhi. Datong, Yanghe and Qian bureaus have minted a total of 8 varieties of money, and the number of minting is unknown.
1. Shunzhi Tongbao light back money and Shunzhi Tongbao back "same" money
In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), among the two kinds of coins that were drummed and minted at the same time, the Shunzhi yishi money was Shunzhi Tongbao on the front and the light-backed antique money on the back (Fig. 1); the shunzhi er-style money was Shunzhi Tongbao on the front, and the left "tong" character (fig. 2) was worn on the back, which means Datong minted, and this money was imitated by Tang Kaiyuan Tongbao and Ming Hongwu money, and was minted to the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648). The color is 70% red copper, 30% white lead, foot strange 1,000 texts for a string, the money is made of 2 yuan and 2 cents per text, and the Shunzhi one, two and three styles are all made according to this method. The Concise Numismatic Dictionary compiled by Sun Zhonghui and others lists the Shunzhi Tongbao light back as 5, and the Shunzhi Tongbao back as 5. There are many physical coins in existence.
2. Yanghe Qian Bureau cast shunzhi tongbao on the back of the "yang" character and left "yang" character two kinds of Qianqing Shunzhi five years (1648) Datong general soldier Jiang rebellion Qing, Datong Fu moved to Yanghe, six years Yang and Wei promoted to Yanghe Fu, Datong Qian Bureau moved Yang and Qian Bureau, the site of the bureau is in the present-day Yanggao County Southwest Street South Jindao Lane. Continue to mint Shunzhi two-style money; one is the front year number Shunzhi Tongbao, wearing the "Yang" character (Figure 3) on the back, the other is Shunzhi Tongbao, wearing the left "Yang" character (Figure 4), and the Qing Shunzhi Decade (1653) stopped casting. Shunzhi one-type money and two-type money are one cent of silver every ten pieces, and one or two pieces of silver are worth one thousand pieces, but in circulation in the market, it is actually Shunzhi money seven pieces of silver one point, and the old money is fourteen pieces of silver. The Concise Dictionary of Coins edited by Sun Zhonghui and others lists the "yang" on the back of the Shunzhi Tongbao and the left "yang" on the back of the Shunzhi Tongbao as 4, and the physical quantity of the coins is small.
3. Shunzhi Tongbao back "Yang Yi Li" and Shunzhi Tong Bao Back "Same Li"
In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the hubu inscription was quasi-minted money in each province, stipulating that the back minting of "one centimeter" and two Chinese characters, "each adding one word to the bureau", is Shunzhi three-style money. Yang and Qian Bureau drum casting front era number Shunzhi Tongbao, left "Yang" character, right "one cent" two words (Figure 5), Yang and Qian Bureau cast one cent of money for three years. In 1992, through the Yanggao County Cultural Management Office to the original site (Yanggao County Southwest Street South Jindao Lane) investigation and collection, found slag, copper slag and other relics. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), the household department "restored the transfer of Yang and the bureau in Datong". Datong Qianju cast two Chinese characters (Figure 6) on the left "tong" character on the back of shunzhi tongbao on the back, and stopped casting in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660). One percent is a piece of money worth one percent of silver, which refers to the price of silver, which is the right silver money, which means the main currency. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, it was extended for two years, and by the second year of Kangxi (1663), it was recovered and destroyed, and there were 17 money bureaus in the country that made "one cent" money. The Concise Dictionary of Coins lists "same centimeter" as 2 times and "yang one centimeter" as 5 times; existing coins are rare.
4. Shunzhi Tongbao back right Manchu "tong", left Chinese character "tong"
From the seventeenth year of Shunzhi to the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662), Datong drums minted Shunzhi five-style money, and the money weighed one dollar and four cents per text. Shunzhi Tongbao on the front, Manchu "tong" on the back, and "tong" on the left (Figure 7). The Concise Numismatic Dictionary lists the Shunzhi Tongbao back right Manchu character "tong" and the left Chinese character "tong" as 5, and there are more existing objects.
5. Kangxi Tongbao back right Manchu "tong", left Chinese character "tong"
In the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662), the Household Department approved Datong to cast the Kangxi Tongbao. On the front of the Kangxi Tongbao, on the back is the Manchu character "tong", and on the left chinese character "tong" (Fig. 8). The weight of the coins all imitates the Shunzhi Five-Style Coin Method; the Concise Numismatic Dictionary lists the Kangxi Tongbao back with the Manchu character "Tong" on the right and the Chinese character "Tong" on the left, and there are more coins in existence. In the sixty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1722), the household department agreed: "Each province shall set up a bureau, and the rest shall stop casting." The Datong Provincial Money Bureau also stopped drumming.
(Author's work unit: Datong City Center Branch of Chinese Min min bank)