The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Jurchens, so both the emperor and the daughters of the princes were descendants of the Jurchens. But in the history of the Qing Dynasty, there was a Han Chinese princess, and this princess was Kong Sizhen, the daughter of Kong Youde, whom we are familiar with.
The reason why Kong Sizhen became a princess was from the perspective of her father's status as the King of Dingnan by the Shunzhi Emperor, Kong Sizhen was a princess. Kong Sizhen's other identity is more prominent, she is the daughter of Empress Xiaozhuang, that is also the identity of a princess. The reason why Kong Sizhen became the daughter of Empress Xiaozhuang also began with Shunzhi, Kong Sizhen was once favored by Shunzhi, and when Empress Xiaozheng asked her, Kong Sizhen told her about her relationship with the Sun family when she was young, so Empress Xiaozhuang was very sorry and recognized Kong Sizhen as a dry daughter. So what was the end of Kong Sizhen's father, Kong Youde?
The Ming Dynasty surrendered
Kong Sizhen's father, Kong Youde, whose ancestral home was Liaodong, was a Ming dynasty general, and Kong Youde later defected to Mao Wenlong on Shoupi Island and became Mao Wenlong's subordinate. After Mao Wenlong was killed by Yuan Chonghuan, Kong Youde was taken in by Sun Yuanhua, the inspector of Denglai in Shandong, but Kong Youde was dissatisfied with Sun Yuanhua, so he participated in the "Wuqiao Mutiny" at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
Emperor Taiji was very happy about Kong Youde's coming and descending, and immediately issued two imperial decrees, one was to "bring out the horses of the inner stables, and Erzhu Belle each produced one high-class kurama horse and four empty horses, counting about forty horses; Manchurians, Mongols, and Han people prepared one horse for every ten according to their worldly duties, about one hundred horses", so that Zhu Belle was ready to reward Kong Youde's horses. The second was to send the Han official Fan Wencheng to Liaoyang to arrange for Kong Youde's residence, so that Kong Youde would continue to command his old department and be stationed in Liaoyang, where his treatment during the Ming Dynasty was the same as before, "ordering, advocating, and obeying", and only "using torture and sending troops" obeyed the orders of the emperor Taiji. Moreover, the households brought by Kong Youde can also live in Liaoyang. Such a high treatment can not only see the Emperor Taiji's act of buying people's hearts, but also see that the Emperor Taiji is in urgent need of experienced generals to destroy Daming.
Kong Youde had a flattered feeling about The Emperor Taiji's approach, after all, he was a ming general, and his surrender had already made the Ming Dynasty target him among the "rebel thieves", but Kong Youde's rebellion also reflected the stupid policies of the ming dynasty in the last years, especially the manslaughter of Mao Wenlong. Mao Wenlong did not die, and it was difficult for Huang Taiji to develop southward. However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, many things were difficult to harvest and difficult to change.
Be graced
What really made Kong Youde feel the enthusiasm of Huang Taiji was, of course, the day Kong Youde arrived in Shenyang. In June 1633, Kong Youde led his troops to Shengjing, and Huang Taiji led Zhu Belle out of the Desheng Gate to greet Kong Youde on the bank of the Hun River 10 miles away.
Kong Youde did not dare to be sloppy, after getting off the horse to worship the heavens, and then saluted the Emperor Taiji with Han etiquette, and the Emperor Taiji performed the "hug ceremony" of the Jurchen tribe with Kong Youde, Kong Youde offered gold and silver treasures to the Emperor Taiji, and the Emperor Taiji was very happy to accept them all, and gave Kong Youde fine wine. After the banquet, Kong Youde also rewarded the Jurchens with their unique robes, bags, and other items, and sealed Kong Youde as the marshal of the capital, and gave the marshal seal. He expressed to Kong Youde that "there is no righteousness of abandonment, and all transgressions are forgiven." Let Kong Youde be grateful, I am afraid that only Kong Youde knows the excitement.
After the Emperor Taiji sealed Marshal Kong Youde, it was not over, and he personally customized the flag for Kong Youde's troops, and the flag to which Kong Youde belonged was different from the Eight Banners. The silk is mainly white and the soap (black) edge is inlaid", which is the original Tianyou bing of the Qing Dynasty. In 1636, Emperor Taiji decreed that Kong Youde be made King Gongshun. Six years later, Emperor Taiji gave Kong Youde special treatment, and although his subordinates belonged to the Han military banner, they were not subject to the control of the Han military banner, that is to say, the army led by Kong Youde was very independent. Because Kong Youde's army had strong water warfare capabilities, according to records: "proficient in water warfare, accustomed to geographical advantages, equipped with artillery", this army enhanced the military strength of the Qing Dynasty.
Killed on the battlefield
As the saying goes, "to receive favors must be returned", the Qing Emperor gave Kong Youde a high treatment, mainly to make him willing to serve the Qing Dynasty. Practice has proved that Kong Youde was loyal in the process of unification of the Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Kong Youde led the Tianyou army with Dolgun to fight Li Zicheng, and then with Duoduo to capture Xi'an, and then pacified Jiangnan, making countless military achievements. In 1645, the Shunzhi Emperor had Kong Youde still garrisoned Liaoyang.
In 1646, Kong Youde once again put on the battlefield, this time the expedition was different from the previous, he was named the "Pingnan General" by the Qing Dynasty, without the need to fight under the leadership of the Qing Generals, he became the commander of the Eight Banners of the Manchu Andhan Dynasty. At this time, Wu Sangui, Geng Zhongming, and Shang Kexi did not have such treatment, which showed the Qing Dynasty's trust in Kong Youde.
Kong Youde's Xuan army captured Changsha, took Xiangtan and Hengzhou, and by 1648, occupied the whole province of Hunan and captured Quanzhou in Guangxi. After Kong You's Master Durban returned to Beijing, the Shunzhi Emperor personally set up a banquet to reward Gang, two hundred and two gold, five thousand silver, and crown clothes and other items.
In 1649, the Shunzhi Emperor renamed Kong Youde the King of Dingnan, and asked him to lead 20,000 troops to pacify Guangxi, and he could take his family and family to garrison. At this time, Kong Sizhen also followed him to Guangxi.
At this time, Kong Youde had been fighting for many years and was wounded in battle, but Kong Youde understood that the Qing Dynasty trusted him so much that he must be loyal to the Qing Dynasty. However, after Kong Youde was stationed in Guangxi, he encountered resistance, because Yuanzhou was lost, the supply of grain and grass was not available, and Kong Youde's injury recurred, so Kong Youde requested to resign and return to his hometown. How could the Shunzhi Emperor be willing to still let him garrison Guangxi?
When Kong Youde was stationed in Guangxi, Li Dingguo of the Great Western Army led an army to attack him, and Kong Youde had no heavy troops in his hands at this time, so he had to fight. However, Li Dingguo used the elephant army to make it difficult for the Qing army to overwhelm. In July 1652, the two armies fought a major battle, and Li Dingguo's elephant-forming forward "elephant riding clouds and embracing the dragon roared", making Kong Youde's Tianyou army unstoppable, and then suffered a major defeat. After Kong Youde retreated into Guilin, Li Dingguo then sent an army to arrive and set up a ladder to attack Guilin, kong Youde had no troops to resist the attack of the Great Western Army.
Kong Youde was wounded on the battlefield, he saw that Guilin was difficult to defend, and then returned home, "Jubao played in a room, hand blade Aiji", after killing Aiji, he burned his house with a fire, and then drew his sword to commit suicide. Kong Sizhen was rescued by his subordinates and fled Guilin, where more than 120 members of Kong Youde's family were killed by Li Dingguo.
For Kong Youde's loyalty and death, posterity has been commented on continuously, but in general, Kong Youde's reputation is stronger than Wu Sangui's. Because Kong Youde was helpless to oppose the Ming Dynasty, and Wu Sangui was capricious, it caused more disasters to the people.