After Nurhaci successfully unified the Jurchens, he adopted a two-sided policy toward the Ming Dynasty: first, he only called himself a subject, not a male; then, he was called a vassal and secretly called a male; further, he was called a vassal while being a subject; and finally, he was not called a subject, but only a male. Nurhaci was wiped out by the Ming army in order to avoid exposing himself prematurely. During this time, Nurhaci did three particularly important things: the creation of the Manchu language, the creation of the Eight Banners, and the creation of the base.
Today we mainly talk about the Eight Flags, Nurhaci used the Jurchen original hunting organization form - Niulu - to create the Eight Flags system. Each banner is divided into three levels of organization, namely Niulu, Jiala, and Gushan. According to the regulations: every 300 people for a cow record, set up a cow record Erzhen, later called The Collar; 5 cattle recorded as a Jia La, set up a Jia Lama Erzhen, later called the Counselor Leader; 5 Jia La is a GuShan (that is, a flag), set up a GuShan Erzhen, later called Du Tong.
In the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli Calendar (1601), Nurhaci initially set up four flags, marked by yellow, white, red and blue, respectively; in the forty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1615), four flags were added to the original four flags, and the original flag was edged around, and the yellow, white and blue flags were set with red edges, and the red flags were set with white edges. In this way, there are 8 different colors of flags, called the Eight Flags, that is, the Eight Flags of Manchuria.
Subsequently, the Mongolian Eight Banners and the Eight Banners of the Han Army were gradually added, a total of twenty-four banners, but they were collectively called the Eight Banners. The eight-flag system "unites the army with the banner and the people with the banner", and those who go out are soldiers, and those who enter are the people. The Eight Banners Army, commanded by Nurhaci and Huang Taiji, was the most powerful cavalry force in the world at that time. After introducing the Eight Flags, continue to answer why in the Eight Flags of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhengbai Banner can sit on an equal footing with the two yellow flags and become the Upper Three Banners.
Leader of the Eight Banners of the Nurhaci era
When the Four Banners were first established, Nurhaci commanded the Yellow Banner, Shulhaqi commanded the Blue Banner, Chu Ying commanded the White Banner, and Daishan commanded the Red Flag. By the forty-third year of the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou had annexed all Jurchen tribes except Yehe, and many Mongols had also annexed. Nurhaci commanded the yellow flag and the yellow flag, Dai Shan commanded the red flag and the red flag, the Emperor Taiji commanded the white flag, Du Du led the white flag, Mang Gultai commanded the blue flag, and Amin led the blue flag.
After Nurhaci's death, the Khan competed for the throne
Since April of the forty-sixth year of the Wanli Calendar (1618), when Later Jin declared war on the Ming Dynasty, the Eight Banners Army of Later Jin had experienced seven major battles: the battles of Fushun, Qinghe, Kaiyuan, Tieling, Shenyang, Liaoyang, and Salhu, all of which were defeated by the Later Jin Dynasty and the defeat of nurhaci at Ningyuan, suffering the most significant setback since the uprising. On August 11, 1626, the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), the Mandate of Heaven Han nurhaci was on his way back from the Qing River to his death at The Lynx Fort, 40 miles east of Shenyang.
Nurhaci's bones were not cold, and there was a dispute within Houjin for the succession of the Khan, in other words, a struggle between the flag owners, and the flag lords all explained above. Before Nurhaci died, he gave the white flag and the white flag in his hand to the two brothers, Dorgon and Dordor. In fact, a battle for the banner lords of the four great baylors: Daishan, Amin, Mang Gultai, and Huang Taiji was formed; and the four little baylors: Azig, Dolgun, Dodo, and Zilharang were formed.
Amin and Zilharang are Shulhaqizi, who belong to the side branch and cannot compete for the throne. Mang Gultai was reckless, and once killed his mother's stepfather Fucha, and could not compete for the throne. At that time, dorgon and the three brothers Dodo and Azig were young and were cared for by their birth mother, Abbahai. The Northern Journey Chronicle records that the concubine was "ordered to commit suicide by the chancellor of the imperial household." After Abahai's death, Dorgon, Dodo, and Azig lost their dependence on each other and were unable to compete for the Khan's throne.
The Khan's throne was contested between Emperor Taiji and Daishan, and although Daishan was the Great Belle, when Nurhaci was alive, he had fallen out of favor and was stripped of a banner, unable to compete with Emperor Taiji, who also led the second banner, won the hearts of the people, the officers and soldiers were fine, the wisdom and courage were both perfect, and the battle achievements were unique, and they were pushed by the lord of the Zhenghong Banner, Daishan, so the stepfather Khan ascended to the throne. After mixing, Huang Taiji took the yellow flag, the positive yellow flag and the positive blue flag as the upper three flags.
Dorgon and Hauge competed for the Khan's throne
On the ninth day of the eighth month of the eighth year of The Qing Dynasty (September 21, 1643), Emperor Taiji was still handling government affairs during the day, and died at night, leaving no last words before Emperor Taiji died, nor did he explain who would succeed to the throne. At that time, the most promising candidates for the throne were hauge, the 35-year-old Prince of Su, and Dorgon, the 32-year-old Prince of Rui.
The yellow flag, the yellow flag, and the blue flag support Hauge's succession to the throne, especially the two yellow flags baylor ministers swore allegiance to the death. Those who support Dorgon are the white flag and the white flag. At a critical juncture when the hauge and Dorgon factions were at odds with each other, Zilharan proposed a compromise plan: Fu Lin, who was both a prince and not a Hauge, would succeed to the throne, and Dorgon would become the regent. After Dorgon came to power, he used the white flag, the yellow flag, and the white flag as the upper three flags, and Hauge's positive blue flag was kicked to the lower five flags.
Shunzhi fixed the upper three flags in: the positive yellow flag, the yellow flag, and the positive white flag
In the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dorgon died of illness. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), that is, one month and three days after Fu Lin's personal government, the ten major crimes of Dolgun were convicted. Shunzhi ordered Dorgon to strip him of his title, remove his temple, depose his clan, use his property, have no property, no house, and destroy his mausoleum. In addition to the yellow flag and the yellow flag, Shunzhi also took dorgon's white flag as his own. Since then, the Three Banners have not changed until the fall of the Qing Dynasty.