Shanhaiguan at sunset
01
In the twenty-first year of Wanli (1593), on the occasion of the war between the Ming army and the Japanese army in Korea, the Yehe, Hada, Wula, Huifa and other tribes of the Haixi Jurchens united with some tribes of the Mongolian Horqin and Changbai Mountain Jurchens, and combined 30,000 troops to launch a general attack on Gule Village, where Nurhachi was located.
This is the 10th year that Nurhachi has been in the army with 13 suits of armor.
Nurhachi's upward momentum was too rapid: it took only five years to unify the three guards of Jianzhou; he also actively expanded externally, attacking the wild Jurchens near Changbai Mountain in the north to occupy the origin of ginseng; and not only that, he vigorously developed the Fushun horse market, squeezing the Kaiyuan horse market on which Yehe and Hada depended.
It is also reasonable that Yeh wants to attack Nurhachi.
What was the attitude of the Ming Dynasty towards this war?
At this time, the main force of the Ming Dynasty was still fighting against Japan in Korea, and it was powerless to intervene in the Jurchen civil war. In fact, even if the Ming Dynasty had the ability, it would never interfere, because for the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens themselves were the best thing to consume internally.
But the Ming Dynasty also has a bottom line, that is, Nurhachi cannot be completely defeated, at this time the strength of Yehe and Hada is far better than Nurhachi, if Nurhachi is beaten down, the strength of Yehe and Hada will inevitably increase greatly.
But what happened next was something that no one expected!
When Nurhachi sent people to reconnoiter the movements of the Nine Coalition Army, he went to bed, and his concubine Fucha quickly woke him up and said, "Are you confused, or are you afraid?"
Nurhachi smiled and said: When I heard that the Nine Divisions were coming, I was uneasy, but now that the enemy is in front of me, there is nothing to fear.
Obviously, Nurhachi had already prepared a plan to deal with the enemy through the movements of the enemy army.
Nurhachi's method was to hold on to the mountain. When the coalition army advanced to the foot of the Gul Mountain, Nurhachi led his division to take the enemy on the mountain, and the nine-part coalition army first launched a tentative attack, and nine people were killed.
Yehebel Buzhai and the three leaders of Narimbulu's brother Jintaisu and the Mongol Korqin Ming'an joined forces to attack the enemy. Buzhai and Jintai lost their horses and slashed into the Nurhachi army. Buzhai was a fierce general, and he rushed into Nurhachi's position, but he used too much force, and his mount tripped over the wood, and Buzhai was also thrown to the ground. How could the Jianzhou soldiers let go of such a good opportunity and directly hack him to death.
Seeing that his brother was killed, Nalimbulu, the leader of the Nine Coalition Army, fainted directly, and the coalition army was suddenly leaderless.
Nurhachi immediately launched a charge with the whole army, and the coalition forces were in chaos and fled in all directions, and Nurhachi pursued his troops until Hada territory before returning with a complete victory. In this battle, Nurhachi killed more than 4,000 enemy troops, captured the leader of Ula Buzhantai, and captured 3,000 horses and 1,000 pairs of armor.
02
The immediate consequence of the Battle of Gulshan was to completely reverse the situation between the Hercynian and Jurchen, with Nurhachi becoming the stronger side and the Haixi Jurchen on the defensive side.
In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli (1601), 8 years after the Battle of Gule Mountain, Nurhachi destroyed Hada.
In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607), Huifa was annexed by Nurhachi.
In the forty-first year of Wanli (1613), Ula perished.
Twenty years after Gulshan, Nurhachi annexed the three provinces of Hercynian and left only the most powerful Yeh.
Nurhachi is becoming stronger step by step, so what is the Ming Dynasty doing? Why sit back and watch Nurhachi become stronger step by step?
Before Nurhachi's rise, Liaodong was Li Chengliang's world. With the support of Zhang Juzheng, Li Chengliang did a good job in Liaodong and repeatedly broke the enemy army.
In the first year of Wanli (1573), Li Chengliang expanded the six forts of Kuandian after repelling the Mongols.
In the second year of Wanli (1574), Li Chengliang supervised the troops to attack the Gule village where Wang Gao was located, and beheaded more than 1,000 people.
In the third year of Wanli (1575), Li Chengliang defeated the leaders of the five Inner Khalkha tribes, and gathered more than 20,000 horsemen from the Tatar Black Shitan, Huang Taiji, Buyan Taizhou, Yi'er Deng, Nuan Tu, Gong Tu, and Duraer, and killed thousands of enemy troops.
In the first month of the sixth year of Wanli (1578), he quickly entangled the barbarian army and entered the Kou, and Li Chengliang defeated it. In December, more than 30,000 horsemen, including Hai, Fried Flowers, Nuan Rabbit, and Gongtu, joined Huang Taiji, Big and Small Weizheng, Bu Erhai, and Panic Tai camped in Liaohe, attacked Dongchang Fort, and went deep into the border until Yaozhou, where they were repelled by Li Chengliang.
In October of the seventh year of Wanli (1579), the Tuban Department penetrated into the border with 40,000 horsemen from the Jinchuan camp in Qiantun. Li Chengliang ordered the generals to strengthen the city defenses, and personally urged the general Yang Su and others to curb the key points of the Mongols' invasion. When Qi Jiguang came to help, Mongolia quickly retreated.
In February of the 11th year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang sent troops to attack Atai, the son of Wang Gao, and slaughtered the city after breaking through Gule Mountain City.
Li Chengliang has too many military exploits, and the above are only a few.
Before the Battle of Gule Mountain, Nurhachi was still a small character, and Li Chengliang supported him to contain the Haixi Jurchens.
After the battle of Gule Mountain, why did Li Chengliang let Nurhachi continue to sit big?
In fact, Li Chengliang can't be blamed for this, because he himself can't protect himself. After Zhang Juzheng's death, two important generals he reused, Li Chengliang and Qi Jiguang, were attacked, and Li Chengliang was attacked by the officials.
Between 1584 and 1591, Li Chengliang submitted several resignations each year, and according to the practice of the Ming Dynasty, officials were impeached and voluntarily submitted their resignations.
In the end, some people simply said that Li Chengliang's military power was too big, and asked to cut Li Chengliang's military power, although Emperor Wanli repeatedly defended Li Chengliang, but after hearing too many such words, it was inevitable that he would mumble a little, although he did not move Li Chengliang, he still removed his son Li Rubai's official position.
In the sixteenth year of Wanli (1588), the imperial historian Ren Yang said: 'The military power of the Li family is too prosperous. The in-laws Si nutrient manipulating the military handle, thousands of miles around Shenjing, vertical and horizontal, unshakable. Such as cypress greed, especially bare. Don't plan early, endure his changes. 'The emperor is as good as Bai Ren. So Cheng Liang wrote a letter to beg, and asked to dismiss the subordinates, but the emperor did not allow it. History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Li Chengliang
In May of the 19th year of Wanli (1591), Hao Jie, the governor of the Liaodong Metropolitan Procuratorate, and Li Chengliang, the chief soldier, each took the blame and begged to return, and impeached him by the deputy general Li Ning to suppress the Zhenyi Fort, inviting merit and deterring the enemy, causing many injuries. Not allowed. "Records of the Myojin Sect", 236
Li Chengliang submitted several resignations, and Emperor Wanli finally agreed to his request in this year.
Li Chengliang left his post in 1591, and the Battle of Gule Mountain was in 1593, which means that during the period when Nurhachi's strength increased greatly, Li Chengliang was not in Liaodong.
Although Li Chengliang was not there, the Ming Dynasty still newly appointed a general army in Liaodong, so why did they sit back and watch Nurhachi become strong?
What is ridiculous is that in the ten years since Li Chengliang left office, the general army of Liaodong has changed eight times. At this time, the court was divided into the pro-Li Chengliang faction and the anti-Li faction, and the two factions were almost evenly matched, so some of the eight general soldiers were Li Chengliang's people, and some were not. Under such a toss, the general army of Liaodong came and went, went and came, and no one cared about Nurhachi at all.
03
In August of the 29th year of Wanli (1601), Ma Lin, the general soldier of Liaodong, was impeached and convicted because of a dispute with the tax envoy Gao Huai. University scholar Shen has always seen that this situation still needs a veteran to take charge, so he recommended Li Chengliang. So the Ming court ordered Li Chengliang to town Liaodong again, and Li Chengliang was 75 years old at this time.
This time, Li Chengliang chose to have a good relationship with the eunuch Gao Huai, and obeyed his words, the reason is also very simple, Gao Huai is the henchman of Shenzong, and the previous chief soldier Ma Lin was dismissed because he had a bad relationship with Gao Huai.
If you can follow the path of a eunuch, then other things are not so important.
As for the government affairs and military affairs in Liaodong, Li Chengliang adopted a series of means to deceive the imperial court, such as killing good people and risking merit, risking military salaries, selling official positions, etc., in a word: make money hard, regardless of the life or death of soldiers and people, and regardless of the urgency of border affairs.
Needless to say, this is harmful.
Xiong Tingbi said that the situation in Liaodong is:
Half of the town's army was lost. Seeing that although there are more than 80,000 in the army, only 15 have horses, 15 are weak in the army, and only 20,000 are strong. Except for the three battalions, one-third of which has been obtained, the rest are only 10,000 odd. And to guard the border of 2,000 and hundreds of miles, scattered in the two co-guards, seven generals, twelve guerrillas, and twenty-five garrison subordinates, can be divided into geometry. "Seeking to Defend the War and Defend the Strategy"
Li Zhishangshu said:
The whole town has soldiers and horses, the original 100,000, and gradually consumed the number of 780,000 in the second or third near, according to the nationality, there is none. And most of them occupy the service, and most of them are defensive. There are less than 20,000 or 30,000 elite people who can fill the battle array, and they are subordinate to the generals of the road, and there are 1,000 people in the army, and 100 people in the less. Thirty-five officials were prepared. "Urgent Battle"
Even the Ministry of Industry said:
It is also said that today's side salary is burdened, and the family is strong in the giant room, and the water is not early. Therefore, the national tax day is lost to the original amount. The beetles are in the nine-sided generals, and they are not all prosperous with the army. Therefore, the number of years is increasing day by day. At this time, if the source is not cleared and the expenditure is not reduced, the two difficulties will be exhausted and the Ministry of Industry will be empty, and the state affairs will not know the end.
04
The inaction in military affairs and the abandonment of government affairs eventually led Li Chengliang to give up the land of Kuandian Liubao in order to avoid war.
In the first year of Wanli (1573), in order to strengthen the control and defense of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Ming Dynasty adopted Li Chengliang's suggestion and began to build the six forts of Kuandian. Liubao is located to the west of the Yalu River, adjacent to the Jianzhou Jurchen, and is the outpost of the Ming Dynasty's defense of the Jurchen, and its strategic position is very important.
After the completion of the six forts, Li Chengliang opened the market again and did business with ethnic minorities. In doing so, firstly, the contradictions between the Ming Dynasty and the ethnic minorities at that time were eased, and secondly, the considerable income brought by the opening of the market brought great benefits to the soldiers of Liaodong. Li Chengliang's construction of the six forts of Kuandian enabled the Ming Dynasty to open up the territory, and naturally he was rewarded by the imperial court.
But in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606), Li Chengliang abandoned the six forts of Kuandian on the grounds that it was difficult to hold them, and moved more than 64,000 households there to the area controlled by the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong.
By giving up the land, Li Chengliang temporarily eased the conflict with Nurhachi and postponed the time of direct conflict between the Ming Dynasty and Nurhachi. But Nurhachi also got a large area of mature land for nothing, and his strength increased again.
Did Li Chengliang do nothing? No, he thought of a vicious way to deal with Nurhachi. Nurhachi had a younger brother named Shulhachi, who was second only to Nurhachi in the Jianzhou Jurchens. The so-called one mountain does not tolerate two tigers, and there are often disagreements between the two brothers because of disagreements, and Shulhaqi has the meaning of separation.
Li Chengliang saw this opportunity, so he added fuel to the fire, deliberately provoked the contradiction between the two brothers, and he played the imperial court to canonize Shuerhaqi as the head of the right guard of Jianzhou, so as to split Jianzhou. Who knows, Nurhachi is a ruthless character, and he easily subdued this younger brother, and Li Chengliang's plan fell through.
It is not surprising that Li Chengliang's plan will not succeed, and it is purely whimsical to want to use the title of the right guard of Jianzhou to split the Jianzhou Jurchen without a strong military force.
Li Chengliang defended Liao for the second time, for a total of eight years, not only did nothing, but also caused endless harm, and finally stepped down under the impeachment of Xiong Tingbi and others like artillery fire.
Liaodong has also ushered in a new owner with a full personality.
Welcome to the cultural and historical banquet
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