Among the different titles of the Qing Dynasty, the highest rank was a first-class duke. In the Qing Dynasty, the number of dukes with different surnames was not very large, and the total number of first, second, and third class titles and gifts was less than a hundred. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the duke is already a ceiling for nobles with different surnames.
However, there are still cases of kings with different surnames and gifts to kings, and it is not an isolated case, from the Guanwai Chongde period, that is, the emperor Taiji was called the empress, until the Qianlong period, there were 9 people with different surnames who were crowned kings. Curiously, among the 9 kings with different surnames, han Chinese accounted for the majority, a total of 6, and the specific situation was carefully discussed.
Before getting into the main topic, it is still necessary to state that the kings with different surnames mentioned by Yushi do not include The Mongol princes. Because the Mongolian region implements a special administrative system, there is a big difference between the Mongolian prince, the county king and the patriarchal prince, and I will not talk about it carefully here, but there is an opportunity to talk about this topic again.
King Sanshun, King Pingxi, King Yi
King Sanshun specifically refers to Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, and Shang Kexi. They were all generals in the Liaodong region of the Ming Dynasty, and they were all subordinates of Mao Wenlong. After Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao Wenlong, his old department became infighting, and the three of them surrendered to Houjin.
The surrender of Kong, Geng, and Shang was a major event in the history of the early Qing Dynasty. Because they brought tens of thousands of soldiers, warships, and the most scarce firearms technology of Houjin, the eight flags were rapidly improved. After that, Emperor Taiji added wings to the tiger, made his own red-clad cannons, competed with the Ming army in Liaodong, and finally defeated the Ming army.
After the surrender of the Mandate of Heaven and the Tiancong Dynasty, there were many Ming generals and military generals of the Ming Army, but basically they were captured or forced to surrender, and Hong Chengyu and Zu Dashou belonged to this category. The three kongs, Geng, and Shang belong to the initiative to return, and the nature is different.
In the first year of Chongde, Emperor Taiji changed his title to Emperor, fixed the title of Emperor, and made Daishan, Dolgun, and others the Prince of Heshuo. Kong Youde was conferred the title of King gongshun, Geng Zhongming was made the king of Huaishun, and Shang Kexi was named the king of Zhishun, known in history as the "King of Sanshun". In the second year of Chongde, after the formal formation of the Eight Banners Han Army, the Three Shun Kings were all the official flag ministers of the Han Army Banner.
During the Chongde Dynasty, King Sanshun made many military achievements in the Southern Expedition to the North and was the founding father of the early Qing Dynasty. After entering the pass, King Sanshun fought against the Ming army and the peasant rebel army in the Central Plains, and made great achievements for the Qing Dynasty to enter the Central Plains. In the sixth year of Shunzhi, Kong Youde changed his title to Dingnan Wang, Geng Zhongming changed his title to Jingnan Wang, and Shang Kexi changed his title to Pingnan Wang (Kangxi Fourteenth Year Prince of Jin).
Wu Sangui surrendered later, and he led his troops to surrender to Dorgon (Fengpingxi Wang) in the first year of Shunzhi. However, in terms of overall strength, it was stronger than the King of Sanshun, and the tens of thousands of Guanning iron horses under his command became the main force in pacifying Li Zicheng and the Southern Ming army after the Qing army entered the pass. In the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Wu Sangui was made the prince of Jin, and was the most powerful military and economic prince in San Francisco.
Sun Kewang was originally the main general under zhang Xianzhong, the leader of the peasant army, after Zhang Xianzhong's death, the Great Western Army was infighting, Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo were at odds, because the general defected to Li Dingguo, so he surrendered to the Qing court, led the Qing army into Sichuan and Guizhou, so that Li Dingguo and the southwest anti-Qing forces finally lost, and Sun Kewang was crowned king of righteousness for his merits in the fourteenth year of Shunzhi.
The several Han kings with different surnames mentioned above are all famous generals in the early Qing Dynasty, because the Emperor Taiji and Shunzhi dynasties were the key period for the unification of the Central Plains by the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing court also did its best to win over the Han people, so it is reasonable to be crowned king.
King Yanguli of Wuxun
Yangguli was one of the five founding ministers of the early Qing Dynasty, and during the Nurhaci period, he followed his father to the Jianzhou Jurchen and was subordinate to the Manchurian Zhenghuang Banner. In the war to unify the Jurchen tribes, Yanguli and Er yidu and others made great military merits, and the officers were appointed to the first class of general soldiers.
During the Tiancong period, the peak of Yanguli's meritorious career, he participated in many wars against the Mongols, Koreans, and Ming armies, and was promoted to duke of Chaopin in the eighth year of Tiancong. The Duke of Chaopin was awarded by Yanguli alone throughout the Qing Dynasty, and his status at that time was second only to Thate.
In the first year of Chongdeok, Emperor Taiji personally invaded Korea, and Yanguli, as a front-line general, was ambushed by the Korean army in the middle of the following year and was seriously wounded and killed. The next day, Dodo approached the Korean camp with his troops, and the North Korean soldiers and horses had already withdrawn in the night, and Dodo brought Yanguli's body back to the camp. The Emperor Taiji personally came to pay homage to it and gave him a crown dress. After returning to Beijing, he was ordered to accompany fuling.
In November of the same year, Emperor Taiji posthumously made Yang Guli the Prince of Wuxun. During the Shunzhi period, the Shunzhi Emperor ordered it to be equipped with the Taimiao Temple. In the thirty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor toured the Shengjing Gurudwara Mausoleum in the east and personally paid tribute to the tomb of Yang Guli. In the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he built another inscription to commemorate his exploits. In the ninth year of Yongzheng, he was made a first-class Yingcheng Duke.
The three county kings posthumously during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods
The first was the Han Chinese Huang Fangdu, whose father was Huang Wu, a first-class Duke of Haicheng. After Huang Wu's death, Huang Fangdu was hereditary duke of the first rank and stationed in Zhangzhou, Fujian. In May of the fifteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Zheng Jingsuo's troops in Taiwan besieged Zhangzhou, and by October, the city ran out of food, the rebel general Wu Shu led thieves to trap the city, Huang Fangdu was killed in battle, and more than thirty members of the family were executed.
After Hearing the news, Kangxi ordered Huang Fangdu to be given the title of King of Doro County, with the title of "Loyal And courageous", and sent his ministers to pay tribute. This is also the last of the Han Chinese in the Qing Dynasty to be given the title of king.
The other two, which everyone is familiar with, are the famous Father and Son fu Heng of the Qianlong Dynasty. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, Fu Hengzheng returned to the Dynasty, unfortunately contracted an illness, and his condition deteriorated two months later, and he died on July 13 of that year. The Qianlong Emperor was very sad, fully affirmed Fu Heng's life, personally ascended to his house to offer wine in front of the spirit, and instructed that the funeral ceremony should be handled according to the specifications of the Emperor of the Clan Dynasty, and gave him the title of "Wen Zhong". Later, the Qianlong Emperor wrote poems to mourn Fu Heng and praised him as a "Sheji Minister". In the first year of Jiaqing, Tuien was given the title of King of the County, and was entitled to the Taimiao Temple.
Fu Kang'an was the son of Fu Heng and a famous general of the Qianlong Dynasty, and was the commander of major battles such as pacifying Jinchuan, suppressing the Lin Shuangwen Uprising in Taiwan, and quelling the Rebellion in Tibet. In the sixty years of Qianlong, Fu Fu was ordered to lead troops to quell the rebellion in Miaojiang, and was awarded the title of beizi for his merits.
However, Fu Kang'an also unfortunately contracted an illness during this battle, and died of illness in May of the first year of Jiaqing. The Qianlong Emperor was so grief-stricken that he posthumously honored Fu Kang'an as the King of Jiayong County, was entitled to the Taimiao Temple, and established a special shrine for sacrifice. However, the later Jiaqing Emperor did not praise Fu Kang'an as much as his father did, and repeatedly denounced him for profligacy in the army. In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, the Jiaqing Emperor demoted Fu Kang'an's son from hereditary Baylor to Beizi.
Among the kings with different surnames in the Qing Dynasty, there were actually only five kings in Sanshun, Pingxi and Yi, and all of them were Han Chinese. The four kings with different surnames after Kangxi were all posthumous gifts, and the gold content was naturally lower.