As the last unified feudal dynasty in China, the Qing Dynasty ruled for 276 years, after twelve emperors, the most important of which was the Qing Shengzu Ai Xinjue Luo Xuanye, which is what we often call the Kangxi Emperor, the Kangxi Emperor ascended the throne at the age of 8, pro-government at the age of 14, and ruled for up to 61 years, during which he leveled the San Francisco, unified Taiwan, expelled Tsarist Russia, conquered the desert north, maintained the integrity and unification of the land, and was respected by later historians as "the first emperor of the ages"!
The biggest "stain" in the life of the Kangxi Emperor is probably the "nine sons and concubines" in his later years, compared with his sons, the kangxi throne is quite easy! Moreover, he inherited the throne as the third son of the Shunzhi Emperor, and there was an older brother Fuquan on it!
So why was the Kangxi Emperor able to "ignore" the primogeniture system, skip his brother, and directly inherit the throne?
Let's find out!
Qing Dynasty ancestor Ai Xinjue luo Fu Lin had eight sons, four sons died prematurely, including the emperor's eldest son Ai Xin Jue Luo Niu Niu, so the "surviving" emperor's second son Ai Xin Jue Luo Fu Quan became the actual "eldest son", and Fu Quan's birth mother was the Shunzhi Emperor's favorite Concubine Dong E, so it is reasonable that Fu Quan should be the next emperor!
However, according to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the Shunzhi Emperor died, and because he did not establish a crown prince during his lifetime, he accepted Tang Ruowang's suggestion and appointed the emperor's third son Xuan Ye as the crown prince in the form of a testament, that is, the later Kangxi Emperor.
There are two reasons for choosing the third son of the emperor instead of the second son of the emperor:
First, the Shunzhi Emperor was an amorous person, not attached to the throne, he once asked Fu Quan when he was young, Fu Quan replied: "Willing to be a virtuous king", this said to Shunzhi's "heart", he believes that becoming an emperor is not an easy task, since Fu Quan has this ambition, he will naturally be satisfied.
Second, Xuan Ye had "smallpox" when he was young, and survived, leaving only a few small spots on his face, and produced antibodies to "smallpox", so he was regarded as the "son of heavenly choice", when the Shunzhi Emperor died, his sons were still young, in order to avoid the premature death of the crown prince, Fu Lin took Tang Ruowang's advice and made Xuan Ye the crown prince.
So after Kangxi ascended the throne, what happened to Fuquan?
According to the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, "In the first month of the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Fuquan was given the title of Prince of Yu and enjoyed the right to discuss government", Fu Quan's ambition when he was young was to become a generation of sage kings, and it turned out that he did, and the greatest achievement of his life was to defeat the rebel Kaldan!
In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi, the leader of the Dzungar clan, Gardan, colluded with Tsarist Russia, rebelled, and tried to split, at that time, Kangxi was at the peak of the Spring and Autumn Period, and naturally brazenly counterattacked, and in the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, fuquan was crowned as the general of Fuyuan, and ordered him to lead the army to expedition to Kaldan!
In order to wait for reinforcements from various departments, Fu Quan first pretended to appease Kaldan, and after the army was assembled, he launched a surprise attack in August, attacked the "Camel City", defeated the Erut army, and the Dzungars suffered heavy losses, Kaldan lobbied unsuccessfully, and withdrew his troops in early October, Fu Quan saw that Kaldan withdrew his troops and there was not enough food and grass in the army, so he took it upon himself to return to the dynasty, but he did not expect this move to anger Kangxi, Kangxi reprimanded him for "disobeying the holy orders and doing his own thing", according to the law, he should be stripped of his title, but considering that he had military merit, he was fined for three years and withdrew the three zo lords. The parliamentary regime was abolished.
Obviously, if you win a battle but are punished, there is a great meaning in this!
According to the system of primogeniture, Fu Quancai should be the successor of Shunzhi, only because Kangxi had "smallpox" to inherit the throne, many people in the DPRK have a very "view" on this, so the Kangxi Emperor has always been wary of Fu quan, Fu Quan's expedition to Gardan's victory and return, prestige will inevitably go up to another level, then I am afraid that the merit will be high, the Kangxi Emperor has to defend.
Therefore, he was punished with small punishments and big admonitions on the grounds of "disobeying the holy orders and doing his own thing", the so-called punishment of three years is only "pediatrics", and the main play is to abolish the parliamentary power, which is equivalent to expelling him from the "power center".
Fuquan knew this, so he was always careful and vigilant, afraid that Kangxi would kill him, Kangxi forty-two years, fifty-year-old Fuquan was seriously ill, in danger, Kangxi Emperor personally went to visit, looking at his brother lying on the hospital bed, Kangxi Emperor was grief-stricken, and family affection finally triumphed over power.
In fact, Kangxi and Fuquan had served their grandmother Empress Xiaozhuangwen together in their childhood, the brothers were together all day, and their feelings were extremely deep, but they were alienated because of their power when they grew up, and now That Fuquan was in danger, Kangxi naturally could not care about the so-called power struggle, and there was only the affection of the two in his heart!
Looking at the true feelings of Kangxi, Fuquan was greatly relieved, knowing that Kangxi still cared about the brotherhood of the two, so that Kangxi naturally would not kill his descendants after his death, so as soon as the Kangxi Emperor left, Fuquan said to his son, "I can die"!
According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty", after Fuquan's death, the Kangxi Emperor wept incessantly and ordered Yushi Luozhan to build a tomb and a monument for his supervision at Huanghua Mountain, stipulating that in addition to the perennial sacrifice, there would be additional sacrifices.
brief summary:
Since ancient times, "the most ruthless imperial family", even the Kangxi Emperor, who is the "Emperor of thousands of ages", can not be exempt from the vulgarity, because the brother with deep power and feelings is becoming increasingly estranged, fortunately, the Kangxi Emperor finally "woke up", family affection overpowered the power, and Fuquan reconciled, drawing a satisfactory end to the brotherhood of the two!
Life in the world, fame and fortune status are things outside the body, life does not bring death does not bring, only family affection is the most sincere, we must not be alienated because of the struggle for power, if you become a "lonely person", even if you stand at the top of the power, what is the meaning?
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty
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