What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
He was a man of great affection and righteousness, and had no intention of participating in political struggles, and the reason why he got involved in the "Nine Sons and Concubines" was entirely due to his emotional nature, and this person was the third prince of the (Kangxi Emperor) Qing Kangxi Shengzuren Emperor- Chengyin Junwang Ai Xinjue Luo Yinzhi
▲ The seizure of the ninth son refers to the historical event of the sons of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty competing for the throne, and finally the four brothers Yin chan won and succeeded to the throne after the death of the Kangxi Emperor and became the Yongzheng Emperor
The history of "Nine Sons and Nine Sons" is widely known and often talked about by history buffs, and the whole event fully reflects the cruelty of the power struggle during the Chinese feudal society period, intrigue and ruthlessness, in order to obtain the supreme ruling power, completely disregarding family affection. However, the protagonist of this article is an "alternative" figure of this incident, he is very affectionate and righteous, he has no intention of participating in political struggles, and the reason why he got involved in the "Nine Sons and Concubines" is entirely due to his emotional nature, this person is the third prince of the (Kangxi Emperor) Qing Kangxi Shengzuren Emperor - Chengyin Junwang Ai Xinjue Luo Yinzhi.
Ai Xin Jue Luo Yin Zhi (later renamed Ai Xin Jue Luo Yun Zhi due to the ascension of the Yongzheng Emperor to the throne, this article is not renamed Asan, and his brother's name is also used without changing his name) The birth mother was Rong Concubine Ma Jia. Rongfei should be a concubine that Kangxi favored more, and is also the concubine with the most births, of which five of the first ten princes of Kangxi are born of the Ma Jia clan, and their status can be seen, but unfortunately only one daughter and one son live to adulthood, Yin Zhi is her only adult son and her youngest child, after experiencing the pain of multiple losses, Rongfei saw through the forbidden events in the palace and lived a peaceful life in the harem.
Perhaps Yin Zhi was influenced by his mother and did not seem to be enthusiastic about politics, but Yin Zhi was extremely outstanding in literature and calligraphy, as well as riding and shooting, and was definitely a leader among the princes, and the two large books he presided over and compiled, "The Origin of the Law Calendar" and "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books", had a far-reaching influence, which was a treasure trove of natural sciences and encyclopedias at that time, and Mr. Yan Chongnian, a great scholar in Qing history, once commented: The third son of the emperor, Yin Zhi, was a very outstanding scientist. However, why did such a prince who had no intention of competing for the crown prince and was immersed in the study of scientific knowledge be punished by the emperor several times in his life, and finally ended up in captivity? In addition to the objective reason for the political struggle of feudal autocracy society, the author believes that it also has a lot to do with his maverick personality and Fang Yangangjun's character.
1. Relaxing self-restraint leads to big mistakes
▲ In 1699, the Kangxi Emperor read a book, when he was 45 years old
In the thirty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor was given the title of Prince for the first time, and in this year Yin Zhi was made the Prince of Chengjun by Jin, and at the same time, the only prince who was named the Prince of Jin was the Eldest Brother Yinzhen as the Prince of Zhijun (the fourth son of the Emperor Yinchen, the fifth son Yunqi, the seventh son Yunyou, and the eighth son Yinyu only sealed Belle), which shows that at this time the Kangxi Emperor was still very satisfied with the performance of his third son. However, in September of the following year, he was punished by the Kangxi Emperor for shaving his head within 100 days of Princess Min's death, and was demoted to the rank of Belle, and the palace was punished to varying degrees from the beginning of history (here, this Concubine Min is the birth mother of Yin Xiang, the thirteenth Prince of Brotheri).
The Qing Dynasty clearly stipulated that the royal funeral ministers were not allowed to shave their heads for a hundred days, and shaving their heads was a crime. Although Princess Min did not receive the title of Kangxi Emperor during her lifetime, she was posthumously awarded the title of Noble Concubine only seven days after her death (Kangxi died on July 25, 38, and was posthumously awarded the title of Concubine Min on the second day of the first month of Leap July), which shows that Princess Min had a place in the heart of the Kangxi Emperor, and you Yin Zhi actually openly shaved her head within 100 days, which was obviously a great disrespect, so she was punished. It can be seen from this incident that Yin Zhi is very imprudent in his behavior, his self-restraint is relatively relaxed, and he does not care about some "small and small" wrong behaviors and causes a big disaster.
2. Prince Feng of Jinfeng reached the peak of his life
Although he was demoted and punished, Yin Zhi was not depressed, he was not interested in politics, nor was he very enthusiastic about the dispute over the crown prince. He had things he liked, that is, literature, calligraphy and science, during this time he organized his own cloth disciples (such as Chen Menglei, Yang Wenyan, Zhou Changyan, etc.) to compile books, and the more influential encyclopedia "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" was completed during this time (written in the forty-fifth year of Kangxi), during which the Kangxi Emperor knew that his third son was more accomplished in scientific knowledge, and in the forty-third year of Kangxi, he ordered Yin Zhi to survey the bottom pillars of the three gates of the imperial palace, and Yin Zhi completed the task very well. And this work really made the Kangxi Emperor, who loved science, praise it.
▲ Ai Xin Jue Luo Yin Zhi (23 March 1677 – 10 July 1732), Qing Dynasty patriarch, the third son of Qing Shengzu Ai Xin Jue Luo Xuan Ye
Since the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, it has become customary for the Kangxi Emperor to hold a family banquet at the Yin Zhi mansion every year, which is a great honor for Yin Zhi and reflects the Kangxi Emperor's love for his third son. In the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor was given the title of Crown Prince for the second time, and Yin Zhi was made the Prince of Cheng by jin, and this time the Jin dynasty was definitely the main factor in addition to the meritorious service of restoring the crown prince (detailed in the following details on this incident).
Subsequently, the Kangxi Emperor appointed Yin Zhi to lead the Shuji shi He Guozong and others to compile books such as LuLu and algorithms. "The ancient calendar is very good in scale, but its number is not the same as that of the years. The scale of the modern revision of the almanac should be preserved in the past, and the number should be accurate to the present. (Draft History of the Qing Dynasty - Liechuan VII - Kings VI). In the fifty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he wrote a book and dedicated it to the Kangxi Emperor, who ordered him to combine the three books of Vinaya, the Calendar, and the Algorithm into one book, and personally named it "The Origin of the Vinaya Calendar". At this point, it can be said that Yin Zhi's personal achievements in life have reached the peak, and his literary and scientific achievements are absolutely second to none among his brothers.
In the fifty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he also promoted his son Hongsheng to shizi (the title of prince showed that his prince title could be hereditary for a generation, rather than being demoted to the throne according to the usual law), and Feng Lu was equivalent to Beizi, which was another higher affirmation of the Kangxi Emperor's achievements. Yin Zhi won high achievements in his life through the natural advantages of his status as a prince and his good cultivation in literature and science. However, in the yongzheng emperor's period, Yin Zhi's life took a sharp turn, cutting the knighthood and imprisoning him, deposing shizi, and his tragic experiences were inseparable from political struggles.
3. Cut off the title and end up in seclusion depression
▲ In the fifty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1712 AD), the Kangxi Emperor organized outstanding astronomical mathematicians in the country to collectively compile a high-value astronomical mathematics music theory series "The Origin of the Law Calendar" in the history of Science and Technology in China.
The reason why Yin Zhi was able to participate in the political struggle for the crown prince to seize the concubine was entirely due to his temperament. In the forty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, crown prince Yinrong was deposed for the first time and imprisoned, and the eldest brother Yinzhen repeatedly "exposed" the evil deeds of the prince to the Kangxi Emperor, such as saying that the prince was violent and unkind, arbitrarily beating up the kings, belles, and ministers, so that the soldiers were "rarely poisoned by him", as well as intercepting Mongolian tribute, indulging her mother's husband, ling pu, the minister in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and so on (not entirely true), and secretly subtly subtly the Mongol lama Bahanglon cursing the prince Yin, which was extremely poisonous and sinister in the superstitious feudal society. Yin Rong and the princes only had a good relationship with Yin Rong, because Yin Rong's biological mother Empress Xiaochengren Died Shortly after Yin Rong's birth, and the Kangxi Emperor arranged for Yin Rong's mother, Concubine Rong, to raise Yin Rong, so the two grew up together and had a very good relationship.
Yin Zhi could not see the persecution of the prince by the eldest brother and others, so he decided to come forward, to know that at this time the prince was abolished, helping the prince was to oppose the other brother groups, and in the future the imperial power fell into the hands of other brothers, Yin Zhi was likely to be persecuted because of this, but he did not think so much, what he thought of was brotherhood, who would I give up? So Yin Zhi began to secretly investigate the deeds of the eldest brother, and sure enough, the kung fu paid off, he discovered that the eldest brother cursed the prince's inferior behavior, and found physical evidence, the situation was true, so he reported it to the Kangxi Emperor.
At this time, the Kangxi Emperor was overwhelmed by the re-negotiation of the matter of appointing the crown prince, and in desperation, he also intended to restore the crown prince, and it just happened that this report gave the Kangxi Emperor a step, so in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, the Kangxi Emperor restored the crown prince on the grounds that "the emperor's bad deeds were secretly conspired by the emperor's eldest son Yin Zhen" to restore the crown prince and imprison the eldest brother, and at the same time, he was promoted to the title of Prince of Heshuocheng, and Yin Zhi also became a "princeling".
▲ Ai Xin Jue Luo Yin Rong (6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725) was a Qing dynasty patriarch and the last crown prince in Qing Dynasty and Chinese history to be publicly registered
Later, as everyone knows, the throne of Prince Yinrong was deposed again, and eventually the fourth son of the emperor, Yin Chan, succeeded to the throne, that is, the Yongzheng Emperor. Yin Zhi was dissatisfied with Yin Chan's succession, and at the beginning of the succession, the dynasty was full of gossip about succession, and Yin Zhi was one of the propagators of these rumors, which made the Yongzheng Emperor very angry, and ordered Yin Zhi to guard the Jingling (Kangxi Emperor's mausoleum), at this time, if the punished Yin Zhi could restrain a little, after some time there would be peace, but Yin Zhi complained about this punishment, believing that as a prince, he should not guard the imperial tomb, and was learned by the Yongzheng Emperor, so he blamed his son Hongsheng and deposed his son. Become an idle clan room.
The Yongzheng Emperor sighed and said, "Prince Rucheng's talent is very useful, and his heart has to be discarded, so that forty years of brotherhood can not understand everything, and it is still difficult to use it." I think that the Yongzheng Emperor is sincere, if Yongzheng really wants to "find fault", he simply can't give Yin Zhi a chance, just look at the fate of those brothers of the Yin Yu Group.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng, Yin Zhi asked Su Keji for a bribe and was impeached, Yin Zhi argued with the prince and minister before the Yongzheng Emperor, the attitude was likely to be more arrogant, and even showed disrespect for the emperor, the Yongzheng Emperor rebuked him for ignoring the courtesy of the monarch, at that time the minister discussed that the punishment for Yin Zhi was to strip him of his title and imprison him at home, but the Yongzheng Emperor said, "Stop this brother." What is the limit for the brothers who are allowed to do so? They all want to stir up their sins, and their hearts are indescribable. The inability to be inspired by the good is also the result of the sin of the generation. (Draft History of the Qing Dynasty - Liechuan VII - Kings VI), only demoted his title to the king of the county, but the blame was given to his son Hongsheng, who was imprisoned by the Zongrenfu (Hongsheng did not eat melon cheese with him).
▲ Ai Xin Jueluo Yin Chan (1678.12.13 – 1735.10.08), also known as Qing Shizong, the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the third emperor after the capital of Beijing, the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor
Although the Yongzheng Emperor was criticized by posterity for the persecution of his brothers, I believe that the Yongzheng Emperor's two comments on Yin Zhi are sincere, and as an outstanding politician, the Yongzheng Emperor is very aware of Yin Zhi's political capital, and also understands Yin Zhi's talents, and is more aware of Yin Zhi's dissatisfaction with his succession to the throne. It should be said that the current punishment of Yin Zhi by the Yongzheng Emperor is reserved, and he deliberately wants to warn Yin Zhi by punishing his son Hongsheng. We can imagine that if Yin Zhi could restrain a little, not participate in, not publicize rumors, and have a slightly humble and tolerant attitude, I think it is very likely that Yin Zhi would be entrusted with a heavy responsibility by the Yongzheng Emperor, but unfortunately these are all ideas.
The real "intolerable" of the Yongzheng Emperor was in May of the eighth year of Yongzheng, the Prince of Yi Ai Xinjue Luo Yinxiang died, originally in February of the eighth year of Yongzheng, the contradictions between the two brothers eased, Yin Zhi was reinstated as the Prince of Cheng (from this point can reflect the Yongzheng Emperor's attitude towards this third brother), but who knows that Yin Zhi performed extremely "unsatisfactory" at Yin Xiang's funeral, and the Qing history manuscript recorded a short sentence "The death of Prince Yi, after the arrival of Yun Zhi, there is no relationship".
If Yin Xiang is just an ordinary prince, your performance as an elder brother when attending the funeral is still barely justified, but Yin Xiang is the most trusted and closest brother of the Yongzheng Emperor, and the emperor's "humerus" is the emperor's "arm", it can be said that Yin Xiang is the "No. 2 chief" of the country, and your careless performance is not only rude to Yin Xiang, it is simply not to take the Yongzheng Emperor in his eyes at all.
▲ Ai Xin Jue Luo Yin Xiang (1686.4.16 – 1730.5.4), the thirteenth son of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and his birth mother, The Noble Concubine Zhang Jia of the Jingmin Emperor, was the closest to Yongzheng Yinchen
Therefore, Yin Lu the Prince of Zhuang then impeached Yin Zhi: Yun Zhi was obedient and filial, approached Chen Menglei and Zhou Changyan, prayed for Zhen Yu, and was attached to Akina, Seth Hei, and Yun E. His son Hongsheng was fierce and stubborn, helping his father to be evil, and only imprisoned, while Yin Zhi hated and resented. Prince Yi was loyal and filial, And Yun Zhi was jealous, and did not plead for obedience, and the royal palace gathered together, dispersed late and early, betrayed Lun, and was cut off ("Qing History Manuscript - Liechuan VII - Kings VI").
Yin Zhixia Sect People's House Discusses Guilt. The Yongzheng Emperor then ordered him to be stripped of his title and imprisoned in the Yong'an Pavilion in Jingshan, where his family was imprisoned along with him, while Hongshengran remained imprisoned at the Zongren Mansion. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, Yin Zhi died in the forbidden place at the age of 55, and the imperial court still buried him according to the rank of county king. In the second year of Qianlong, the Qianlong Emperor posthumously called him "Cain". While we strangle his tragic end, we also have to sigh his "self-inflicted guilt", poor people, often always have something to hate.
Historically, the Yongzheng Emperor was indeed criticized by posterity for the persecution of his brothers, but as far as the end of Yin's life is concerned, the author believes that the main reason is still due to his character defects, which has little to do with the persecution of the Yongzheng Emperor. Yin Zhi was not afraid of power, but he also did not pay attention to details, was too relaxed in his own behavior, even despised the imperial power, scorned his superiors, and did not take the criticism and teachings of the leader seriously, and finally ended up depressed by this catastrophe. For how to deal with the relationship between leaders and colleagues in our daily work, it is worth learning, the so-called "history as a mirror can know the rise and fall, people can learn from the gains and losses", this is also the true meaning of our study of history!