Literature/History of the Four Seasons
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, there was an emperor who was very successful, cutting down the Three Domains, pacifying Gardan, abolishing the "Circle Field Order", and founding the "Duolun Hui League". However, the kangxi emperor's biggest failure in his reign was that he deposed the crown prince twice, causing a dispute over the throne and causing internal friction in the dynasty.
Portrait of Qing Shengzu Kangxi
The kangxi emperor deposed the crown prince as an old topic in history. But some people may not understand why the original crown prince Yinrong was deposed for 33 years, and then Kangxi later restored Yinrong's position, and then it was not long before he was deposed again.
Love Shin Kyora Yinrong
Book 251 of the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty: "(Yin Rong) Since the restoration, the madness has not been removed, and the hearts of the people have been greatly lost..."
Many historians have studied this issue, but Kangxi, as a generation of Ming Emperors, had his own plans to depose the crown prince, and it was not for no reason that he was deposed. In the words of some people, Yin Rong does have a certain perverted psychology. So, what happened to this ill-fated prince? How did his weird psychology come about?
1. It is not excluded that anxiety during pregnancy of the mother of Yin Rong may be a congenital cause
In May of the thirteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1674), Yin Rong descended. The latter stage of her birth mother, Herschel, was at the beginning of the San Francisco Rebellion and the Qing court was embarrassed. In the face of this rather unfavorable situation, The mixed feelings of Herschel's pregnancy are probably more than those of other women in the harem.
Stills: Herschel
Since the first son of the Heschel clan, Chenghu, had died prematurely, the Kangxi Emperor had deeply regretted this, so having a son again was the primary duty of the Herschel clan as an empress, and it was also the expectation of the Kangxi Emperor and Empress Xiaozhuang. If the Kangxi Emperor had a concubine again, it would increase the power of the Qing Dynasty in the balance of power with The San Francisco, and the Hersheli clan could further consolidate its position as a palace. However, if the princess was born this time, or other unexpected circumstances occurred, it would make her ashamed of Kangxi and the empress dowager, leaving her with lifelong regrets. It is conceivable that at this time, Herschel's psychological burden was heavy. It is not difficult to imagine that Herschel's nervous and anxious mentality during pregnancy is not conducive to prenatal education. Later, Yin Rong was irritable, and may have this congenital factor.
Schematic diagram of the San Francisco Rebellion in the early Qing Dynasty
And we know that When Herschel gave birth to Yin, she was 22 years old, and she had given birth before, but this time she died due to dystocia, which cannot be ruled out from the negative impact of her excessive psychological burden during pregnancy.
Second, the prince was spoiled, and his cruel disposition was gradually exposed
It was not easy for the Hersheli clan to give birth to Yin, and Kangxi was very happy. When he was less than 2 years old, Yin Rong was made crown prince and has been in a very respectable position ever since.
The Kangxi Emperor loved the little prince so much that no one dared to accuse him of a word, and they all tried their best to flatter him. Before Yin Rong was 14 years old, although his great-grandmother Xiaozhuang was alive, she was too old to be ill and could no longer personally supervise her great-grandson like she had trained her grandson, the Kangxi Emperor. In this very special growth environment, Yin Rong cultivated a strong sense of superiority from an early age, looking at everything and believing that except for his father, the Kangxi Emperor, everyone was inferior to himself and should be under his control. He can't bear setbacks, can't tolerate anything unsatisfactory, otherwise he will be furious, venting his dissatisfaction by attacking, abusing, hurting others, and even taking pleasure in it.
Stills: Empress Xiaozhuang (Da Yu'er)
This kind of psychology directly made the young Yin Rong gradually develop a strong desire for power and abuse of power habits. In terms of lifestyle, he enjoyed the same or even transcendent treatment as the emperor, which made him have a strong desire for material wealth from an early age and developed a profligate style. This is the ideological root of cruelty and greed.
The lack of limited power and the wealth arbitrarily expropriated for him have completely corroded yin's body and mind, prompting two major weaknesses in his character to gradually appear. On the one hand, the original personality characteristics such as irritability and anxiety are more prominent; on the other hand, the already poor psychological endurance is further reduced, becoming fragile, the spirit is extremely sensitive, and the perverted psychology is born.
Stills: Yin Rong
III. "The Fault of Raising a Godfather": The Kangxi Emperor's Dereliction of Duty
The Kangxi Emperor had a great deviation in the cultivation of Yin Rong. He turned a blind eye to Yun Rong's bad conduct and tolerated his shortcomings in every way, which can be said to satisfy Yin Rong's luxury to the greatest extent.
Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 251: "To please his heart, I hope that he will be good." ”
As the crown prince, the Kangxi Emperor naturally wanted to set strict demands on the prince in terms of cultural learning and personal construction, hoping that he could read and be sensible, literate and martial, and be generous and filial. However, while Yin Rong has made great progress in the study of knowledge, it is gratifying that his greedy, selfish, cruel, and do whatever he wants is also developing viciously. But at this point, Kangxi did not think so.
Stills: Nine sons take the wife
The Kangxi Emperor was not unaware of this serious problem of Yin Rong, but only fantasized about letting Yin Rong learn knowledge, especially thinking that the prince would make him feel and correct his evil deeds by learning the Confucian way of cultivating Qi Zhiping. At the same time, he consoled himself with yinrong's high Manchu cultural attainments, "his riding and shooting words and literature, nothing inferior to others" (Qing Shengzu Shilu, vol. 234), in order to alleviate his worries about the deformed development of Yinrong. This self-deception can only hasten the onset of tragedy.
Fourth, the throne has been lost and regained, and the prince has become a bird of fright
After Yin Rong's position was lost and regained, because the anti-prince forces still existed and the threat to him became increasingly serious, he became the target of public criticism again, and the confrontation with the anti-prince faction became more acute. In this case, his psychopathy, that is, what the Kangxi Emperor called "the disease of madness", could never be removed, only further aggravated.
Stills: The brothers have their own thoughts
In order to vent his repression, resentment and dissatisfaction, Yin Rong beat and insulted his subordinates to the point of hysteria. He looked at everything around him with a suspicious look, even a small eunuch under him who "went to the toilet and sent people to watch." In this regard, the Kangxi Emperor sighed: "From this point of view, when everywhere and pay attention to those who are watching." (Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 251). This typical case just shows that Yin Rong, under the attack of the imperial power and the anti-prince faction, is like a bird of fright, and he cannot live in fear forever. Constantly worried about losing his throne, Yin Rong was anxious for a long time, gradually losing trust in everyone, being hostile to them, and venting his resentment against the princes and princes and ministers in a way that abused others, seeking psychological balance.
In the end, kangxi was furious because of his plan to force his father to give up the throne. The contradiction between the emperor and the crown prince finally developed to an irreconcilable point, and Kangxi decided to depose the crown prince Yin Rong again.
Stills: Yin Rong is abolished