How to evaluate Fan Wencheng?

Many people mention Fan Wencheng, open their mouths, and say that he is a traitorous minister, or even a second minister, a rebellious minister, is this really objective? The author wants to evaluate him rationally from several aspects.

His background was already on the Ming-Houjin front.

Fan Wencheng was born in 1597, Nurhaci began to fight in 1583, when Fan Wencheng was born, Nurhaci's road to unify the Jurchens was already only Ye he. Moreover, Nurhaci has continuously invaded, the Ming army has intervened many times, Nurhaci and Ming and dark have been fighting, and have already exchanged military operations under the table.

His joining, not on his own initiative, was taken captive.

In 1618, Nurhaci officially went to war with the Ming army and quickly captured Kaiyuan, Tieling, Fushun and other places, and Fan Wencheng was taken captive in the middle of it. Some people may say that the Qing history manuscript also records that he defected to Nurhaci with his brother, and the author inquired into many documents to confirm that this is untrue, he was basically abducted, and it was the whole family that was together with many people, the time should be in 1618, and the abducted included many other people in his family, such as cousin Fan Wenyin, cousin Fan Maodu, Fan Wenji, Fan Chengze and others. Later, they were all enlisted as slaves under the banner of Daishan.

His rise is also passive.

During Nurhaci's reign, his enslavement with the red flag remained largely unchanged. Some people may say that there are historical accounts that he was destined for seven years and participated in the matters of command and planning. The author believes that this is also purely a curved pen, and the above description of defecting to his brother is a logic. Just think, Li Yongfang, who surrendered with his troops in 1618, was not used much during nurhaci's reign, and those who are interested can check that Li Yongfang married his granddaughter during the Nurhaci period, and then sent to Zhenjiang (present-day Dandong) and other places to appease the Han people. Nurhaci was very prejudiced against the Han people because the Ming army repeatedly interfered in his actions, and Li Yongfang did not have to use him as an unknown slave? It would be nice to survive.

Fan Wencheng really started after Emperor Taiji succeeded to the throne, and he deeply felt that the war against the Ming Dynasty was a long-term and long-term war, and it was necessary to consolidate the political foundation and develop forces. He began a series of measures to use the resources of the Han people, including the establishment of the Wenguan, and the selection of those who had been Ming Dynasty county students, invigilators, Xiucai, and all other people who had meritorious names in the Ming Dynasty into the Wenguan. Of course, these people have no official positions, only provide suggestions and plans, and have no decision-making power, so they have no real power. This time is at the latest in Tiancong three years. Fan Wencheng did not change his treatment until he entered the Wenguan, and his life was miserable for more than ten years.

His beginnings began with solicitation. Since the beginning of Tiancong's reign, Huang Taiji has successively carried out the five cities of Panjiakou, Malanyu, Shantunying, Malanguan, and Da'ankou, and some people in the Paiwen Pavilion are responsible for appeasement, and Fan Wencheng is listed. He was good-looking, eloquent, and did things well, and was appreciated by emperor Taiji.

Obtaining official positions begins with guerrilla warfare. After being appreciated, he naturally went out with the army, ren wearing armor, that is, a musketeer, who performed well in the first battle, and because of his proficiency in scheming, he was awarded a third-class guerrilla position. Since then, it has been out of control.

How to truly evaluate people objectively? The author thinks from two aspects.

First, is he upright, and is there a problem with morality? Looking through the current information, no matter how many political struggles in the early Qing Dynasty, he did not have an obvious position, more for the sake of the overall situation, and did not flatter his own future and other acts. Including his education of his children, such as Fan Chengmo being caught by Geng Jingzhong and forced to rebel, he did not agree, and finally was killed. If that power disparity is reversed, there is almost no suspense in the end except for the killing of the people in vain.

Second, what are his contributions to social development? Many of the Qing dynasty replaced the Ming with the advanced, but the Qing was backward in some political systems and other aspects, and he made efforts to improve the official system and other aspects; he also did his best to alleviate ethnic contradictions; in other words, without Fan Wencheng, the situation of Manchu-Han contradictions would not be good. Fan Wencheng also participated in the formulation of the tax policy of the Qing Dynasty and so on.

From the definition of a traitorous courtier, Fan Wencheng did not have the ability to manipulate the monarch, let alone mislead the country. He was not a second minister, he only served as a minister in the Qing Dynasty. Man is scrambling to get on the top, and he himself is in that passive environment, trying to survive. Empathetically, will someone do better?