"Yuanfu High Wind".
These four words were given to him by the Kangxi Emperor when Fan Wencheng died.
Fan Wencheng, for the Ming Dynasty, was a traitor; for the Qing Dynasty, he was a founding hero.
I don't know, if Fan Zhongyunquan knew, should he be happy or angry. Or some people will ask: What does this have to do with Fan Zhongyan?
Who made Fan Wencheng the seventeenth grandson of Fan Zhongyan?
You know, Fan Zhongyan is a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. When Fan Zhongyun is mentioned, we will think of his famous sentence that has been flowing for hundreds of years: "The world is worried and worried, and the world is happy and happy."
What kind of person is Fan Wencheng?
Portrait of Fan Wencheng
One
In 1618, Nurhaci attacked Fushun, Liaoning, and the 21-year-old Fan Wencheng and his brother Fan Wencai went to Nurhaci.
Nurhaci was very happy to see Fan Wencheng's brothers, and said to his Baylors: "This famous courtier Sun Ye, his good treatment! "These two brothers are the descendants of famous courtiers, and you must treat them well."
Speaking of why Fan Wencheng abandoned the Ming Dynasty and turned to the Qing Dynasty. The reason is also very simple, Fan Wencheng just wants to find a good future for himself.
Perhaps Fan Wencheng made such an analysis for himself: "Nurhaci, now that he has conquered Fushun, belongs to the early stage of entrepreneurship, I will follow him to mix, maybe I can mix with the elders." My advantage is that I know a lot about the Ming Dynasty. That's exactly what Nurhaci needed. So, in the past, I can definitely do something. However, I continued to stay in the Ming Dynasty, and no matter how hard I tried, the core team of the Ming Dynasty was already very stable, and the possibility of squeezing in was almost zero. ”
Therefore, with such an idea, Fan Wencheng and his brother Fan Wencai defected to Nurhaci together. At first, however, it was not what he had thought. Although Nurhaci superficially admired Fan Wencheng, in fact, he did not reuse him. Fan Wencheng stayed under Nurhaci for 8 years before he got a zhangjing petty official.
Portrait of Nurhaci
Zhangjing was a title given to military attaches in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later not limited to military attachés. The specific work is to assist the clergy (the kind that sits in the lobby of the yamen) in handling some clerical and other clerical officials.
Fan Wencheng's situation of not being reused had a turnaround after Emperor Taiji took the throne.
Two
Compared with his father Nurhaci, Huang Taiji's attitude toward Fan Wencheng was simply too good to be good. If he wanted to formulate any military strategy, Huang Taiji had to consult with Fan Wencheng before making a decision.
What is even more exaggerated is that at that time, some princes Baylor wanted to report things to Huang Taiji, and Huang Taiji would always ask: "Does Fan Zhangjing know?" ”
Of course, this kind of trust, on the one hand, was that Huang Taiji himself began to reuse Han Chen, and on the other hand, it was also won by Fan Wencheng himself.
In August 1631, Emperor Taiji led 80,000 men and horses to besiege the city of Dalinghe (present-day Linghai City). Fan Wencheng, with the permission of Emperor Taiji, rode alone on horseback to persuade the Ming defenders to surrender. Fan Wencheng, who knew the reason and moved with affection, actually made the defenders surrender. It didn't take a single soldier to take a city, and Emperor Taiji was very satisfied with Fan Wencheng.
In 1632, Emperor Taiji prepared to attack Ming Xuanfu (明宣府) (present-day Xuanhua District, Hebei). After some analysis, Fan Wencheng concluded that if he wanted to fight Xuanfu, it was better to fight Shanhaiguan. This strategy was also adopted by Emperor Taiji.
Later, Fan Wencheng also gave advice to Emperor Taiji and eliminated yuan Chonghuan, a general of the Ming Dynasty.
These general deeds added together, making Huang Taiji have great trust in Fan Wencheng. This trust also continued to Dolgun.
Three
In 1643, Emperor Taiji died. As regent, Dorgon held the power of the Manchu military and government. It was also during this period that Dolgun's brother Dordor saw that his brother was in power, and he actually snatched Fan Wencheng's wife home for whatever he wanted.
This makes Fan Wencheng very embarrassed and openly tears his face? Duo Duo is dorgon's brother, the emperor's relative, Fan Wencheng although he has great merit, but can screw dorgon's thigh? Definitely not screwed. So what to do?
Direct strikes? Don't mix with the Qing Dynasty, and then go back to the Ming Dynasty? The Ming Dynasty is almost over. Therefore, Fan Wencheng can only act as if nothing happened. Dorgon, though, felt that he had to apologize at least. Therefore, Dorgon fined Doldo 1,000 taels of silver and subtracted 15 cattle records of Dolgun. Niulu was a social organization integrating production and military production in the Qing Dynasty.
Portrait of Dorgon
Actually, from this point of view. Dorgon was just looking for Fan Wencheng to get down the stairs. And Fan Wencheng was a wise man, and the steps given to him by Dolgun, he took it, and he was very grateful to Dade to take it. Therefore, Fan Wencheng chose to repay the favor with practical actions. He wrote a plan for Dorgon to attack the Ming Dynasty.
Four
In April 1644, Fan Wencheng wrote a letter to Dorgon, suggesting that Dorgon send an army to attack the Ming Dynasty.
In Fan Wencheng's plan to attack the Ming Dynasty, four aspects are mainly discussed: first, the reasons why the Ming Dynasty will definitely die; second, to compete with other rebel armies for the world, it is faster; third, to analyze why now is a good time to attack the Ming Dynasty; fourth, it is recommended that Dorgon change his previous behavior of wanton robbery and plunder to win the hearts and minds of the people.
Dorgon was very mobile, and on the fifth day after reading Fan Wencheng's plan, he successfully captured Beijing with 100,000 men. It can be said that Fan Wencheng played a very important role in the Qing Dynasty's entry into the customs and seizure of the world.
Today, for Fan Wencheng's evaluation, most people say that he is a big traitor. Some people also say that he defected to the Qing Dynasty from the beginning, which was at best a choice of life direction, not a traitor. However, after his wife was snatched away by Dorgon's brother, he could still look at it so calmly that he could only say that he was a cruel person.