Burning incense, lighting tea, hanging paintings, flower arrangements, four kinds of idle things, not appropriate
The Gurry family
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Here we are talking about the four yas of the Song people. These four idle things are still being done by people today. All the collectors here are basically high-ranking people and elegant people, and this elegant thing is actually more
target
react
Out of the heart of the cultivation.
In addition to this literati Siya, there is also the saying of the Seven Customs of Jiangnan.
The so-called Seven Customs of Jiangnan, "playing the guqin, pin puer, wearing Tang costumes, listening to Kunqu opera, burning agarwood, practicing tantra, planting calamus, the so-called seven customs." ”
Ding-style furnace
Whether it is the Seven Customs of Jiangnan or the Literati Siya, this incense burning is consistent. Burning incense, commonly known as burning incense, this burning incense is vulgar, changed to burning incense, it is much more elegant. Whether you burn incense or incense, an incense burner is a must. The most elegant and popular type of cultural relics is the Xuande furnace. It is also the copper incense burner cast during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty.
Guizhou furnace
Today, I will not talk about how the Xuande furnace identifies how to distinguish the forgery, but talk about the 117th style of the Xuande furnace. Since the Xuande furnace is an incense burner cast by the Xuande Emperor in the early Ming Dynasty, the authenticity of the Xuande furnace must first depend on whether it is reliable, that is, the "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum". Because the text of "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum" is too long, there is no long quotation here, but a rough classification and explanation of xuande furnace according to this spectrum, the purpose is only to popularize the knowledge of Xuande furnace, and ask The Fang family to correct the wrong place.
Pisces ear stove
It is said that at that time, 88 kinds of bronze ware were selected from the Books of xuanhe Bogu and Archaeological Maps of the Song Dynasty royal cultural relics, and the styles of Song Dynasty kiln porcelain such as Chai Ru Guan Ge Junding in the Inner House, and 29 kinds of elegant styles were selected, for a total of 117 kinds. Among them, there are bronze ceremonial vessels such as ding, mane, gui, and zun, and a total of 117 kinds of instrument types have been created. Of course, because these 117 types of instruments did not have photographic technology at that time, there was no drawing file, so most of the 117 Xuande furnace types are now untestable.
Ear stove
Later, scholars and researchers roughly divided the shape of Xuande furnaces into 11 categories according to the map:
First, the milk stove: that is, three-legged as milk, binaural furnace, there are seven kinds of punching ears (also known as cupola ears, chaotian ears), bridge ears, gong ears, binaural ears, square ears, animal head ears, flat mouths and so on.
Second, the Ding-type furnace: that is, the three-legged amphora imitation bronze round ding shape of the furnace, there are also four-legged square ding style.
Third, bristle furnace type: soel bristle furnace, flat mouth bristle furnace; mane is an ancient cooking utensil, its shape is generally extravagant (mouth edge leaning outward), there are three hollow feet, easy to cook and heat.
Fourth, other three-legged furnaces, according to the shape of the instrument, there are drum furnaces, clock furnaces, washing furnaces, cup furnaces, cup furnaces, crown ear furnaces, and other seven items.
Fifth, fancy three-legged furnaces; three-legged furnaces that are not in the previous category are classified as such.
Sixth, the barrel furnace: that is, similar to the pen barrel incense burner, there are square ear barrel furnace, barrel furnace, Arabic barrel furnace, halberd ear, Ruyi ear, string pattern barrel furnace and other six items.
Seven, bamboo stove type; bionic bamboo knot shape, mainly used by literati, wen tong painting bamboo, shouting and can, humble and knotted.
Eighth, bowl furnace class; that is, the Buddha's bowl class, the earliest famous product of this kind should be Tang Xuanzang's purple gold bowl, that is, a copper, gold, silver and other precious metals synthesized K gold bowl, later used to burn incense to worship the Buddha.
Nine, gui type furnace category: dragon ear, fish ear, halberd ear, gong ear, antique style, elephant head ear, tianji jinbian, beast head ear, flat mouth, other, etc., gui is a bronze ceremonial vessel, Tianzi nine ding eight gui, princes seven ding six gui, gui was originally a food vessel for the staple food, and later became a ceremonial vessel, became a symbol of the national royal power, so the gui style furnace has a lofty status.
10. Square furnaces: Square furnaces, Ding-style square furnaces, taiji furnaces, bucket furnaces, Chun-type furnaces, rectangular furnaces, small square furnaces, etc.; square ancient times have the saying that the heavens are round and the place is round, so the square furnace is used to worship the ground, and the furnace used for the altar sacrifice must be square.
11. Fancy four-legged furnaces: divided furnaces, begonia furnaces and chrysanthemum furnaces, etc., generally tetrapods and other fancy furnaces are in this category.
Elephant ear stove
Let's talk about some common types of Xuande furnaces.
The cupola ear three-legged milk stove, which is the most common type of instrument in the Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum, means that there are three breast-like instrument feet, and there is a pair of ears standing upright along the mouth of the furnace.
Compared to the bridge ear stove, the ears of the cupola are high and narrow, and the ears of the bridge ear are low and wide, similar to the arc.
The two ears are two dragons, no matter what the ears, three milk feet are the overall characteristics of this type of milk stove.
Lion's Head Furnace
Xuande furnace porcelain cultural relics identification of true knowledge hall: elephant head Yi furnace, that is, the furnace symmetry has a pair of elephant heads as ears. This type of shape also has the shape of the lion's head Yi furnace, the tianji's first Yi furnace and so on. The so-called lion head Yi furnace is actually not a lion, but a fox of the nine sons of the dragon, resembling a lion, good fireworks, so it should be called the fox head Yi furnace. There is also the Tianji furnace, the prototype of which should be a phoenix, but later generations do not know the phoenix, and changed it to a heavenly rooster. This kind of elephant furnace has a light element furnace body, there are also relief furnace body, and the shape is generally a large instrument.
Ear stove
The so-called pressure furnace generally refers to a very small Xuande furnace. Used as a paper-pressing ruler when copying the scriptures, Yingying is generally only the size of a hand cup, and compared with the conventional furnace, the size is very small, and it is used to play with the hand and copy the scriptures to do merit.
The so-called dragon ear furnace is a pair of leech-shaped ears on the left and right of the furnace, which are flush with the mouth of the furnace, and are generally circle feet. In fact, this dragon, also known as the salt worm, has tentacles on its head, which is what we commonly call the slug, so it is called the dragon, which is a name.
Barrel furnace
The most famous barrel furnaces are the three-element furnace and the nine-thought furnace. In fact, it is a string furnace. Its vessel type comes from the ancient bronze bottle of wine vessels. The three-legged and three-large string pattern of the instrument body is a three-element furnace, and the three-legged and nine-string pattern of the instrument body is a nine-thought furnace. The so-called Nine Si is the literati Ya name, because of the nine strings of the furnace body, commonly known as the Nine Silk Furnace, the literati took the meaning of "Confucius" gentleman has nine thoughts" to change to the Nine Si Furnace, specifically referring to si Ming, listening to Si Cong, Se Si Wen, Maung Si Gong, Yan Si Zhong, Things Si Jing, Doubts And Questions, Angry Thoughts, see Si Yi. ”
Fancy stove
There are also Chaoguan ear furnaces, two ear-like ancient officials' black gauze hats, drum dun furnaces, imitating the physical objects of ancient leather drums, begonia-style furnaces, furnace-like begonias, in fact, they themselves come from the begonia-style basins or washes of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. Many Xuande furnace types can be consistent with the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. I will not dwell on it here.
It is worth noting that the Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy also records some furnace names that are only isolated cases, and the dragon has already flown in the sky, and the beginning has not seen the end. There are also some types of utensils that are not recognized by later generations for burning incense, which may also belong to the category of Xuande furnaces at that time.