Between 1942 and 1943, Ho Chi Minh, the revolutionary leader of the Vietnamese people, was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang in Guangxi for more than a year. When the news came out, many people wondered why Vietnam's leaders were arrested in Guangxi. What was the reason for the arrest? What happened to Ho Chi Minh after that? This article answers.
Born in Vietnam in 1890, Ho Chi Minh (real name Nguyen Bi Thanh) can be said to be an old friend of China. As early as 1922, he met Zhou Enlai, Li Fuchun, Zhao Shiyan, Chen Yannian and others who were working and studying in France in Paris, France, and established revolutionary friendship with them. In 1924, he met Zhang Tailei and other Chinese comrades at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and at the end of the year he went to Guangzhou, under the pseudonym Li Rui, to work as an interpreter for Sun Yat-sen's adviser Borodin.
After the defeat of the Revolution, Ho Chi Minh returned to Moscow. At the end of 1929, Ho Chi Minh was sent by the Comintern to Hong Kong to convene a "unification conference" to unify the three communist organizations of Vietnam into a communist party. The conference was held on January 6, 1930, and the Communist Party of Vietnam was formally established. After that, Ho Chi Minh spent a long time in the Soviet Union carrying out revolutionary activities.
Ho Chi Minh came to China again at the end of 1938. At that time, China was in the midst of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and after Ho Chi Minh came to Yan'an, he assumed the pseudonym Hu Guang and lived as a soldier of the Eighth Route Army in the eighth route army office in lumo village on the outskirts of Guilin.
Ho Chi Minh's purpose in coming to China this time, like his visit to Guangzhou during the Great Revolution, was to participate in the activities of the Chinese Communist Party while paying attention to the Vietnamese revolution.
In February 1940, Ho Chi Minh rushed from Guilin to Kunming, and with the help of the Communist Party of China, he connected with The Vietnamese Communist Party's outside the sea of Pham Chi Kin, Wu Ying, and Huang Wenhuan. Soon, Fan Wentong and Wu Yuanjia also came to Kunming from Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh specifically directed activities outside the Viet Cong Sea in Yunnan. During this period, he went from Kunming to Chongqing to meet with the CPC delegation headed by Comrade Zhou Enlai.
Also in order to better lead the revolutionary movement in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh decided to first transfer the outside of the Viet Cong Sea to Guilin, Guangxi, and then to the Sino-Vietnamese border area in Guangxi. In October 1940, he and those outside the Viet Cong Sea successively traveled from Kunming to Guilin. He still resides in the Guilin office of the Eighth Route Army in lumo village. Subsequently, according to his opinion, the VietnamEse Independent League Office was established in Guilin, with Pham Van Tong as the main person in charge of the office. Then, he also prepared the Sino-Vietnamese Comrades' Association for Cultural Work.
Since then, Vietnamese Communists in Guilin have been able to participate in public on many occasions through the Sino-Vietnamese Cultural Comrades' Meeting. Together, they briefed on the vietnamese revolution and together called on Chinese and international progress to care for and support vietnam's national liberation movement.
In November 1940, Ho Chi Minh sent Wu Ying, Wu Yuanjia and other Vietnamese revolutionaries from Guilin to Jingxi County, Guangxi, where they were carrying out revolutionary activities to get in touch. In late December, Ho Chi Minh also entered Jingxi County, Guangxi. However, Ho Chi Minh did not stay long in Guangxi, returning to Vietnam on February 8, 1941, from the border of Jingxi County.
It is worth mentioning that this return to China is Ho Chi Minh's first return since he left Vietnam in 1912, and it is also the first time he has returned to china to lead the Vietnamese revolution.
The northern slope is located in Ha Quang County, Gop binh Province, Vietnam, near the border between Vietnam and China. Since the 1930s, Vietnamese revolutionaries such as Le Quang Poe and Tan Shan Hung have carried out revolutionary activities in the border areas of this area. After Ho Chi Minh returned to The North Slope in February 1941, he also began his revolutionary activities on the North Slope.
Nearly a year after the Vietnamese Revolution, Ho Chi Minh once again left Vietnam in August 1942 and entered Jingxi County, Guangxi. The real purpose of his visit to China this time was to go to Chongqing to meet comrade Zhou Enlai and exchange views on the current situation. Before leaving, Ho Chi Minh prepared a business card for himself, and the three words "Ho Chi Minh" were printed on the business card. It was at this time that the name Ho Chi Minh began to be used, and he used it until his death in 1969.
After entering Jingxi, Ho Chi Minh successively visited Long Linxuan and ChaLaoyue, and made a short stay at the border people's homes he knew. On August 27, he went to Ba Mengxuan in Jingxi County. He stayed in the three families of Xu Wei, a Zhuang farmer. Here, Ho Chi Minh spent the Lunar New Year Festival with the border people he knew well. The next day, he went from Jingxi County to Tiandong via Debao. However, what he did not expect was that when he walked to Zu Rongxuan in Debao County, he was detained by the township police of the Kuomintang township office.
As for the reason for Ho Chi Minh's detention, according to the Fourth Theater Commander's Headquarters later reported to Chongqing, it was because the township police had doubts about Ho Chi Minh's identity. This is because when the township police checked Ho Chi Minh's identity card, they found that in addition to the certificate of the Vietnam branch of the International Anti-Aggression Association, he also carried with him the membership card of the China Young Journalists Association and the military pass of the Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Theater. It was also for this reason that the township police became suspicious of Ho Chi Minh's complex identity and detained him.
On August 29, 1942, Ho Chi Minh was escorted back to Jingxi County by police sent by Debao County. At that time, Jingxi County had a commissioner's office of the Kuomintang authorities.
On the way to escort, Ho Chi Minh and his party happened to meet the sister of an acquaintance, Xu Weisan. After seeing Ho Chi Minh detained by the Kuomintang, she immediately ran back to Ba Meng Xuan to report the news. After consultation with the villagers, Li Guangbo sent Wang Xiji, a farmer from Ba Meng, to visit Ho Chi Minh in Jingxi County Prison, and on the other hand reported the situation to the Viet Cong side in order to find a way to rescue him.
The Kuomintang authorities in Jingxi County believed that since Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese but possessed various documents from the Chinese side, he was obviously a very important political suspect and his identity must be clarified. Therefore, they decided to escort Ho Chi Minh to the Guilin General Office of the Military Commission, the highest military organ of the Kuomintang in Guangxi at that time, for examination. In this way, Ho Chi Minh was escorted from Jingxi all the way to Guilin.
In Guilin, Ho Chi Minh was imprisoned for more than a month. During interrogation, he only admitted to being a cadre of the Vietnam Anti-Aggression Association, but denied any links to the Chinese Communist Party. As a result, the Kuomintang authorities in Guilin had no choice but to treat him as a political suspect.
In January 1943, the Guilin General Office decided to take Ho Chi Minh to Liuzhou and hand him over to the political department of the Fourth Theater to continue to examine his identity. As a result, Ho Chi Minh was held in the detention center of the Fourth Theater of Operations in Liuzhou until September 1943, when he was released.
Since Ho Chi Minh was imprisoned, both the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Chinese Communist Party have worked hard to rescue Ho Chi Minh.
When Le Quang Po brought back to Vietnam the news of Ho Chi Minh's arrest in Guangxi, the Communist Party of Vietnam sent a telegram from Jingxi to Chongqing in late October 1942 under the name of the "Vietnam Branch of the International Anti-Aggression Association" to demand Ho Chi Minh's release.
Sun Ke
Because Vietnam and China at that time were both members of the Alliance in the International Anti-Fascist War, Sun Ke attached great importance to it after seeing it, and immediately forwarded it to Wu Tiecheng, who was then the secretary of the Kuomintang Central Committee. After Wu Tiecheng saw the telegram, he had no choice but to send a telegram to the Guangxi provincial government, asking for "clarification and release."
At the same time, the Chinese Communist Party also launched a rescue of Ho Chi Minh. Zhou Enlai personally found Feng Yuxiang, a Kuomintang general who was in Chongqing at the time, and asked him to try to rescue him. Feng Yuxiang replied. In order to handle this matter well, Feng Yuxiang first met with Soviet advisers and asked for advice. Later, Feng Yuxiang found Li Zongren and went to see Chiang Kai-shek and demanded that Chiang Kai-shek release Ho Chi Minh.
Feng Yuxiang
It is worth mentioning that at that time, Feng Yuxiang also explained to Chiang Kai-shek several reasons why Ho Chi Minh should be released:
Whether Ho Chi Minh is a Communist Party or not, even if it is a Vietnamese Communist Party, do we have the necessary and right to arrest foreign Communist Parties? Weren't the members of the Soviet advisory group also communists? Why don't you arrest them? Second, Vietnam supported our War of Resistance, Ho Chi Minh should be a friend, how did he become a sinner? If the international friends who approve of our war of resistance are regarded as sinners, then our war of resistance will soon become a fake? This would lose all international sympathy and support.
It can be said that these three reasons of Feng Yuxiang played an important role in Chiang Kai-shek's direct order to release Ho Chi Minh.
At that time, in Liuzhou, where the Commander's Headquarters of the Fourth Theater was located, the Vietnam Revolutionary League, a joint group of vietnamese parties in China, founded in October 1942, had been paralyzed due to the complex internal factional struggle. Under these circumstances, some people of insight in the Fourth Theater, after learning of Ho Chi Minh's identity, also hoped to use Ho Chi Minh's influence in Vietnam to reorganize the Vietnam Revolutionary League in order to prepare for the future entry of Chinese troops into Vietnam.
Therefore, when these people of insight reported this situation to Zhang Fakui, Zhang Fakui even reported this opinion to Chiang Kai-shek.
It was also for these reasons that Chiang Kai-shek finally issued an order to release Ho Chi Minh.
Ho Chi Minh was placed in detention in the Fourth Theater of Operations in Liuzhou in January 1943 and released in August of the same year. After regaining his freedom, Ho Chi Minh initially lived in the political department of the Fourth Theater of Operations, but his movements were free.
Later, Ho Chi Minh was entrusted by the commander of the Fourth Theater, Zhang Fa Kui, to participate in the preparation of the overseas group congress of the Vietnam Revolutionary League. The congress was held in Đạng Đại in April 1944, and the congress reorganized the structure of the Vietnam Revolutionary League, and Ho Chi Minh was elected to the Executive Committee.
At that time, the international anti-fascist war had entered a late stage. With The consent of Zhang Fakui, Ho Chi Minh led a group of Vietnamese youth trained in the Fourth Theater of Operations to return from Liuzhou via Longzhou in August 1944.
Longzhou County was the revolutionary base of the Red Eighth Army, and vietnamese revolutionaries carried out revolution here very early and established a deep revolutionary friendship with the people of Longzhou. When Ho Chi Minh and his party came to Xia Leng Township in Longzhou County, because they were wearing the uniforms of the Kuomintang army and had limited mobility after entering Vietnam, the cadres of the Peasants' Association in Xia Leng Township quickly raised a batch of local Tang costumes and let Ho Chi Minh and his party change their clothes and return to China.
In September 1944, Ho Chi Minh and his party returned to the northern slope of the Vietnamese revolutionary base.
In September 1945, the Vietnamese people, under the leadership of President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam, formally founded the Democratic Republic of Vietnam after the victory of the General Uprising of August.