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Fujian Nan'an folk old house has such a feature, that is, a low door is added outside the gate, called the six fence gate, and its function is mainly to refuse chickens and dogs outside the door.
But the people of Nan'an don't think so.
There's a story behind it, they say.
Speaking of this story, the people of Nan'an will inevitably have a proud look on their faces - because this story is related to a mother who understands great righteousness.
Although the name of this heroic mother is not recorded in the history books, her second son is very famous.
The old lady had three sons in total, the eldest son was named Hong Chengqi, the younger son was named Hong Chengqi, and the most famous second son was called Hong Chengyu.
Hong Chengyu is a cattle man.
The ancestors of the old Hong family were poor peasants for eight generations, and when they arrived at Hong Chengzu, good fellow, the ancestral tomb was smoking, and this boy was actually 19 people in the 43rd year of the Wanli (1615) examination, and the 17th jinshi in the second class of the next year, when he was 24 years old.
Hong Chengwen also came, Wu also came, not a nerd who could only read.
In the early years of Chongzhen, drought in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan was accompanied by locust plagues, and the people were starving and chaotic.
Hong Chengzu moved to Inspector Shou and recruited and suppressed the peasant army, and his hands and feet were sharp, and he saw the results immediately.
The Chongzhen Emperor then made him the governor of Shaanxi and went to longdong and western Jin to pursue the rebels. Later, he also appointed Shangshu of the Military Department, the governor of the five provinces of Guanwai.
Hong Chengyu's military peak was the great destruction of the rebel army in Tongguan Nanyuan in the eleventh year of Chongzhen, forcing Li Zicheng to take the Shangluo Mountains.
However, with the aggressive invasion of emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, Chongzhen adjusted the working environment of Hong Chengyu, made him the governor of Jiliao, and sent him to lead the elite of the nine sides out of the border to relieve the siege of Jinzhou.
No one could have imagined that in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), after Hong Chengzu was defeated and captured at Songshan, he defected to the enemy and turned around and became the guide of the Qing army into the pass.
At the beginning of Hong Chengyu's capture, the outside world misrepresented that he was martyred. The Chongzhen Emperor was distraught, and on three days, he gave the emperor the "sixteen altars of sacrifice" and one altar for seven days, and personally offered sacrifices on May 10, and also made the imperial system of "Mourning the Hongjing Text" to show the world. When the sacrifice reached the ninth altar, the news came: Hong Chengzu had descended to clear the realm, and the imperial sacrifice began.
The people of Nan'an valued not the change in the attitude of the Chongzhen Emperor toward Hong Chengzu before and after his surrender, but the profound righteousness of praising Hong Chengzu's mother.
The plot they most relished and were most proud of was that Hong Cheng's hometown of Nan'an Hongfu, Fujian, was originally designated by the Chongzhen Emperor as the "Gate of Loyalty and Martyrdom". When the old Hong family made a "death day" for Hong Chengzuo up and down, they suddenly reported that Hong Chengzu returned to his hometown to visit his relatives and returned to his hometown. Hong's mother Fu Shi did not believe it, repeatedly probed, confirmed that her son was not dead, and had surrendered to the enemy, and instead of rushing to the crown in anger, the righteousness was awe-inspiring, and ordered people to quickly add a low door outside the gate and refuse to rebel against the son outside the door. Hong Chengyu was prevented from entering, and asked his mother why she did not open the door, and Hong Mother said, "Do you know this door?" These six low doors are called the Six Gates (Six Gates), and whoever betrays the country and seeks glory, the mother does not think of the son, the wife does not think of the husband, the son does not think of the father, the six relatives do not recognize, and the people rebel and leave!" Hong Chengyu listened and fled.
The Nan'an people also said that Hongmu later died of illness (there are also said that Hongmu was angry with her son for being disloyal and unjust and hanged herself), because of the rebellious son, she had no face to see her ancestors, so she covered her face with a black veil. This custom has been handed down, and old women in many places in southern Fujian have died, and a black cloth is still covered.
However, this plot that the Nan'an people are proud of is false and belongs to the historical chicken soup text.
The originator of the chicken soup text was Liu Xianting of the Qing Dynasty, who made up the passage "Hong Mu Scolding Domain" in his notebook "Guangyang Miscellaneous Records", that is, after Hong Chengzu entered Beijing, he made a special trip back to Fujian to pick up his old mother to enjoy the blessings in Beijing. When his mother saw this rebellious son, she waved her staff and scolded: "Will Rulai welcome me, will I become an old maid under my command?" I will kill you, the wicked, and eliminate the evil from the world!" ”
In the 1950s and 1960s, the dramatist Lin Shuqian, based on this passage, perfunctorily turned into the Fujian opera drama "Hongmu", saying that the low gate (Liu hedge gate) used to reject chickens and dogs that had been popular for thousands of years in Fujian folk was the invention of Hongmu, and it was specially made when Hong Chengzu returned to his hometown and relatives to show that the six relatives did not recognize and the people rebelled against their relatives, refused Hong Chengzu to stay outside the door, and after rebuking the son, he set himself on fire and set himself on fire, vowing to break with the contrarian son.
Min opera is very interesting, scolding the traitors to relieve anger and vigor, and later it was compiled into Peking Opera, the play is called "HongMu Scolding Domain", the lyrics of "Scolding Domain" in the play are even more vivid: "I am a great ming loyal and good subject for generations, the founding duke often meets spring; Yu Bingbu of Baojing; Qi Jiguang of the Imperial Wokou; Yuan Chonghuan, Li Rusong, deng Zilong; your father Hong Zongdai, resisting the enemy and sprinkling the journey with blood, and the heroic loyal soul is shocking Qiankun." By now, Zheng Chenggong had raised his division in Xiamen and drove Hu Chen to swallow the tiger and the dragon. The Way of Heaven is merciless and non-existent, and the human heart does not die. Who seems to be a shameless person who bends your knees and surrenders to Heavenly Conscience, who is unfaithful, unfilial, ruthless, homeless, fatherless, motherless, wifeless and childless, unrelated, traitorous to the country, lustful in lust, and confessing to being a thief as a father! ”
However, as already explained above, Hong Chengzu's ancestors were poor peasants for eight generations, and Hong Chengzu's father's name was Hong Qixi, and he was not Hong Zongdai at all, so the sentence "Your father Hong Zongdai, resisting the enemy and spilling blood on the journey, heroic and loyal souls can only bear the funny role."
Many melon-eating masses who do not know the truth have been deceived by this drama, thinking that this is the case in history.
The theater industry has then evolved from "HongMu Scolding Domain" to novels, dramas, and raps such as "Princess Zhuang Persuasion", "Chengqi Degrading Brother", "Suyue Lonely Boat", "Six Departures", etc., and continue to deceive the masses.
Again, these stories are too fake to be fake.
"Princess Zhuang Persuades to Surrender" tells that at the beginning of Hong Cheng's defeat and capture, he insisted on the great righteousness of the country and the nation, preferring to die rather than surrender, and later could not withstand the seduction of Concubine Zhuang, fell under her pomegranate skirt, and became a shameful traitor.
This story is very obvious, you know, Concubine Zhuang is Huang Taiji's concubine, and Huang Taiji will let her sacrifice her hue to seduce a prisoner?! The most important thing is that Hong Chengyu is a good man and does not like women, his official position is prominent, and he only marries one wife and one concubine in his lifetime, how can he defect to a middle-aged woman when his life is in danger?!
To make up a note, Hong Chengzuo is a good male style, Yao Xueyu's novel "Li Zicheng" has a very wonderful and meticulous description, interested friends can find a look.
"Brother Chengyi Degrading" tells the story of Hong Chengzu's brother Hong Chengyu who was dissatisfied with his surrender, and the brothers quarreled and turned against each other. Hong Chengyu wanted to kill him, but Hong Chengyu saw that the situation was not good and fled back to his hometown. Hong Chengzu led the crowd to pursue and kill, chased to the Lianxin Nunnery in the west corner of Quanzhou, saw a wooden sign written by Hong Chengyu "Great Conscienceless", his conscience was rebuked, and he returned to the capital with sorrow.
"SuYue Lonely Boat" tells that after Hong Chengyi escaped the pursuit and killing of his brother Hong Chengyu, he left a small boat in seclusion in Yingxi, did not eat clear grain, and only ate "bright sugar", which means "the head does not wear the clear sky, and the feet do not step on the clear ground". In order to commemorate his national integrity, his descendants carved four big characters of "Suyue Lonely Boat" on the stone wall where he lived in seclusion.
"Six Departures" is about Hong Chengzu telling the old man to return to his hometown, and the "aunts and uncles" are all turned away and do not recognize each other.
The current Nan'an people said that when Hong Chengzu was in charge of the five provinces and returned to his hometown and province, he chose the place to build a luxurious mansion in the east of the old city of Quanzhou City, east of Cai Lane, and west to the west of the alley (an alley opposite the Tongtian Palace on the East Street), which was called Hong Ya , so it was named Hong Ya Cheng Lane. But in this mansion, no relative wants to live. Legend has it that after the completion of the Hong Mansion, Hong Chengzu once went to his hometown to move his mother. His mother scolded Hong Chengzuo as a "disloyal, unjust, and filial piety" person, and even used the phrase "you can apostate and surrender, I can also remarry" to reprimand Hong Chengzuo and refuse to live in the mansion built by Hong Chengzuo. Hong Chengyu's wife, Lian, was ashamed of her husband's defection and angrily shaved her hair and went to live in a nunnery. The family is disdainful, and the township is difficult to tolerate. Hong Chengyu, who had betrayed the Ming Dynasty, had to return to Kyoto, leaving an uninhabited mansion in the ancient city of Quanzhou empty, telling the hatred of not only the country's enemies.
However, the above stories and legends are all false, and the truth can be explained by a historical record: "On February 20 of the fourth year of Shunzhi, Chengjun, together with his son Shiming and his old family member Chen Ying'an, went to Jiangning from Quanquan to report the funeral of his father, and Chengzu sent an official Tang Shijie to Fujian to receive his mother. Hongmu set off in April of the same year and arrived in Jiangning in early July. In April of the fifth year of Shunzhi, he returned to Beijing with his mother, brother, son and others. Hong's wife Li and daughter-in-law Lin left home in April of the sixth year of Shunzhi, arrived in Hangzhou in May, and then turned to Beijing by water. ”
To explain, Hong Chengzuo's father, Hong Qixi, died of illness in September of the third year of Shunzhi in Nan'an, Fujian Province, and on February 20 of the fourth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengjun's brother Hong Chengjun took Hong Chengzu's son Hong Shiming and an old family named Chen Ying'an from Fu'an Nan'an to Nanjing to report for the funeral. Hong Chengzu then sent the official Tang Shijie to Fujian to pick up his mother and live in Nanjing. Hong's mother set off in April of the same year, and in early July, the Hong family gathered in Nanjing. In April of the fifth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengzu returned to Beijing to report for duty, and returned to Beijing with his mother, brother, son and others. Hong Chengzu Li and his daughter-in-law Lin Shiming (Hong Shiming's wife) left Nan'an, Fujian Province, in April of the sixth year of Shunzhi, arrived in Hangzhou in May, and then turned the water into Beijing.
It is not difficult to see from this historical data that Hong's mother did not scold Hong Chengzu, still less did she break with her perverse son and set herself on fire; her younger brother Hong Chengjun did not write "great conscience" to degrade his brother, and still less did he live in seclusion as "Su Yue Lonely Boat"; his wife was not called Lotus Heart, nor was she ashamed of her husband's defection, nor did she shave her head and live in a nunnery, but the whole family, young and old, joyfully defected to Hong Chengzu and went to Beijing with Hong Chengzu to enjoy the blessings.
Now the people of Nan'an say that Hong Chengzu's fate is sad, and after he returns to his hometown, the "six relatives" do not recognize him. In fact, Hong Chengzu was an official in the Ming and Qing dynasties for decades, and only sent his mother home once in the eighth year of Shunzhi. Kangxi died of illness in Beijing in four years, and was buried in Balizhuang outside Xizhimen. The so-called "telling the old man to return home, the six relatives do not recognize" is all nonsense and pure fabrication.
In Hong Chengzuo's life, except for the short period of unhappiness during the defeat of Songshan's soldiers and his imprisonment, the rest of the scenery was happy, and the whole family's chickens and dogs ascended to heaven, and even his peasant great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were stained with his light, and had to be posthumously given a series of official positions such as "Zhongxian Dafu", "Taifu and Prince Taishi", "Wuyangdian University Scholar", "Bingbu Shangshu and Duchayuan Right Deputy Capital Yushi".
Hong Chengzu's son Hong Shiming Zhongshun Zhi Yi Wei Ke Hall Trial Twenty Jinshi, the head of the Ceremonial Department, Dali Temple, Taichang Temple Zhengqing, GuanYun Hengtong, Fulu Boundless.
Although Hong Chengzu's grandson Hong Yiyuan was only a xiucai, he was the son-in-law of Prince Heshuo of the Qing Dynasty and the grandfather of Wei He.
In 2006, the Hong Chengzu Memorial Park was grandly unveiled in Nan'an, Fujian Province, and a pair of golden couplets were engraved on the tall archway: "The auxiliary country can be called a true bachelor, and loving the people is a great hero." ”
In 2007, the statue of Hong Chengzuo in the Hong Chengzuo Memorial Hall was unveiled, and the memorial hall hung a "" banner, and the two sides were vertically coupleted, the upper link was "On the Martial Arts, Wentao's Name Passing on The Khan Jane", and the lower link was "a hero worthy of the great achievements of several feats".
When the Hong Chengzuo Memorial Hall opened, some people who were superstitious about the drama of "Hong Mu Cursed Domain" asked curiously: Hong Chengzuo once had an ugly history of "six relatives who did not recognize", so did he have any descendants?
Hong Jianchang, who claimed to be a descendant of the 14th generation of Hong Chengzu, replied indignantly that there must be descendants and royal blood. The ancestor Hong Yiqiu made a contribution during the Kangxi dynasty, and Kangxi acted as a matchmaker and married the daughter of Prince Shuo. At present, the descendants of the Hong clan mainly live in Nanluoguxiang, Beijing, and "filial piety is the foundation, cultivating and reading heirlooms" is our century-old ancestral motto of the Hong clan. Besides, there is still Hong Chengzu's mansion in Beijing today, and it would not be possible to retain it today without the care of our descendants.
Whether Hong Chengyu is a traitor or a hero is still a confused account. However, Hong Chengzuo's mother is definitely not the heroic mother in the play who understands the great righteousness and can be juxtaposed with Yue Fei's mother, and this must be clarified.
Finally, I would like to conclude this article with a poem from Zhou Tonggu's Frost Ape Collection that laments Hong Chengzu:
Matsuyama's war bones have not all dried up, and he has built a meritorious name Peihu Charm.
In the end, the wind and sand are easy to grow old, and the white head crosses the south and the south capital.