Geographical biography: Ma Chung, also known as "Haizhu Yong", the middle section is called "Yaoxi", is a river in the northwest of Haizhu District, from the pearl river channel near Chau TutSui in the west, flowing through Industrial Avenue, Nantian Road, Baoye Road, Baogang Avenue, Jiangnan Avenue Middle, Xiaogang Park and Binjiang East Road, east to the Yadun Bridge and the former channel of the Same Pearl River, with a total length of 6100 meters, width of 6-28 meters, and seven branches, including the famous Shuzhu Chung in the Qing Dynasty. It evolved from the waterway in the Pearl River that originally divided small islands or sandbars, and the two ends of the Pearl River, the water level rose and fell with the Pearl River, and was obviously affected by the tides, which geographers called "tide channel". It was once an important tributary of the official water transport of the past, also known as the "grain transportation river".
Ma Chung runs east-west, connecting the pearl river waterway
01 Seventy-four chungs on Haizhu Island, just a few horse chungs have culture
Living by water is an instinctive choice of human beings. Therefore, whether it is a big civilization or a small civilization in this world, there is a shadow of water behind it.
At that time, the people who settled in the west of Haizhu Island may have been tempted by Ma Yong.
In the Qing Dynasty, henan map, the northwest corner is the MaYong River Basin
Traces of humans have long appeared near Ma Chung. Since the Southern Han Dynasty, a stone official road has been built along Ma Chung to Zhuangtou Village on the south bank of present-day Chung. The rulers of the Southern Han Dynasty once built a palace here. It is also the burial place of some palace beauties, and legend has it that the frangipani flowers that were widely cultivated in the local area come from a palace man named Frangipani who was buried here. The name of the dragon guide tail in the north of the shore is said to derive from the "Dragon Tail Road" in front of the altar on the southern outskirts built during the Southern Han Dynasty.
For Ma Chung, they were all hurried passers-by.
The western end of Ma Chung meets the Pearl River Back Channel (the water to the right of the lamppost).
When the first wisps of cooking smoke wafted from the side of the horse is now impossible to verify. Legend has it that the village of Yongbian was Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty
Sluice gate at the western end of Ma Chung
Nanchang opened the village, and Yaotou was founded by Shi Shi and others in the late Tang and early Song dynasties (the Mengjia Temple still exists in the village). These two villages may have been the first settlements to appear on the edge of Ma Chung.
After that, a number of settlements emerged from the bank, such as Nanji, Longdaowei, Xixia, Longxi and so on. By the horse, generations of people were able to reproduce. The horse rush is bustling with activity, and some interesting people and things have become people's collective memories.
For example, the twenty-four scenes of Yaoxi.
One of the Twenty-Four Scenic Spots of the Waiting Moon Bridge (Liji Bridge)
The nearly 2,000-meter-long watershed from Xiaogang Park to Baogang Avenue is also known as "Yaoxi". The name is related to Yaotou. In the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the countryside along both sides of the river was planted with frangipani flowers, jasmine, tea trees, etc.; on the plain, there were both hills and hills protruding, and the forest was forested; the north could see the sail shadow of the great river, and the peaks of the cloud mountains rose... Pan Feisheng, a famous calligrapher and painter in the early Minchu Dynasty, described it with a great sense of picture: "The south of the Pearl River, the west of the river curves, and the water pine is sandwiched between the banks for more than ten miles." Songquande Village, known as Yaoxi. The creek is full of peach blossoms, when the red glow shines in the sky, and the pine green swings into clouds, up and down different colors, the most known smoke waves win the reward. ”
This beautiful scenery attracts the people in the city on the other side of the Pearl River, and the area around Yaoxi has become a scenic spot on the outskirts of Guangzhou, a place where literati sing and travel, and gather elegantly. Liu Tong, a Qing Dynasty mountaineer, felt this, condensed the beauty of the place, and wrote the "Twenty-four Scenic Poems of Yaoxi". Unfortunately, these twenty-four relics, except for "Shimagang" (in Xiaogang Park), "Waiting Moon Bridge" (Liji Bridge), and "Heliujin" (Huijin Bridge), the rest have disappeared in the process of urbanization.
A section of Ma Chung
From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, many literati or wealthy people were attracted by the beauty and lived on both sides of the river or nearby. In the fourteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1535), He Weibai built the Tianshan Caotang; the people living in Lian and Juchao built the Ten Fragrant Garden (known as the "Ancestral Garden of the Lingnan School of Painting") in Yong'an; the literati Ye Rujie built the near garden in Yaotou, And Huang Zhongluan built the JingrongXuan; the calligrapher Yang Yongyan built the Hezhou Caotang, the Tianmao Hut, and the Borrowing Fun Xuan...
If you shift your gaze to the two sides of its branches, the weather is renewed, and it is a gathering place for literati or rich people. Since the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, merchants whose wealth has soared due to the operation of the Thirteen Lines, such as the Pan family and the Wu family, have chosen to build a large building in Shuzhu Chung, and the popularity on both sides of this waterway has gathered, becoming the most lively place in Henan, when people said that it was comparable to the Qinhuai River. At that time, the wealthy Pan family and the Wu family built a number of garden villas, such as the Pan family's Nanxi Villa, the Red Cotton Mountain Pavilion, and the Di Cuixuan in the Wansong Garden; the Wu family's Wu's Yangshan Building, Yue YaTang, Baolun Building, and so on. In addition, in the tail of the dragon guide, there is the Cui Lang Jiu Hall where Feng Zhaonian lived, and so on.
In the Qing Dynasty, Shuzhu Chung was occupied by the Wu family and the Pan family on both sides of the strait
At that time, the famous literati who lived here were mostly old acquaintances, who often came and went, communicated with each other, and contributed to the rise of culture and art here, not only producing many poems describing local beauty, folklore, economy, and daily life, but also forming important groups of artists, such as the Lingnan School of paintings gathered in the mountains, and the Guangcai artists gathered at the tail of the dragon...
Of course, the residents on the edge of the river also have religious activities such as the worship of the emperor, the birthday of Guanyin, the birthday of Huaguang in the mountains, and the custom of holding dragon boat scenery during the Dragon Boat Festival.
Surrounded by high-rise buildings, the Shixiang Garden is small
The people here are not only literate, but also courageous. In 1847, the British invaders saw a large area of land on the right side of the river gushing mouth and wanted to seize the embassy and housing. Henan's 48 townships and townships gathered at the Yaotou Shuangzhou Academy (now located in the Xingdu Hotel) on the bank of the river to discuss countermeasures, and jointly wrote to the Qing Dynasty government to organize more than 3,000 villagers and students of the Shuangzhou Academy to march to the Foreign Guild Hall, and at the same time requested reinforcements from Shijing Shengping Society and Dongping Society. The British saw that the situation was not good, so they had to evacuate and rent Shamian to build a museum. By the way, the cruiser Zhiyuan, who died in the Sino-Japanese War, was equipped with Deng Shichang, and his former residence was on Erlong Street.
In a cultural sense, the background of Ma Yong was one of the best in Panyu County at that time, and if you want to pick an opponent for it, then the Tateshina of Panyu South Village is counted as one.
The sea pearls sandwiched between the front and back channels of the Pearl River are densely packed with rivers in the region, with three major river systems of Ma Chung, Huangpu Chung and Shiliugang River, with 74 large and small rivers.
But why is Ma Chung becoming the humanistic source of Haizhu?
There may be only one answer, and that is the location is too good! Looking north to the urban area of Guangzhou, it has a large area of land, suitable for human habitation, so it is unique, which is the result of the ancients' good use of geography. The thirteen lines in the north are accelerators, and wealth accelerates the accumulation of culture.
02 Flowing water is not corrupt, a city waterway with a future
Ma Chung is a tidal road, and once upon a time, the water in the middle of the river would rise and fall with the tides of the Pearl River. Moreover, because it is connected to the front and back channels of the Pearl River, unlike ordinary rivers, they can only flow in one direction, and its flow is two-way.
Huijin Bridge, the intersection of the east and west tides
The name of the Huijin Bridge "Huijin" is derived from the fact that when the Pearl River is high, the tide flows from Yadun Pass in the east, from the FenghuanggangKou in the west to Ma Chung, and to the Confluence Of Jin (that is, near the Huijin Bridge). The Qing Dynasty poet Su Daofang mentioned this scene in a poem "Heliujin": "The Yadun Fenggang tide, the east and west flow by themselves." ”
Running water does not rot.
Before the 1960s, the water on the side of Ma Chung was lined with pines and reeds, and the water in the yongdao was clear and white, the fish swim shallow bottom, and the river channel was wide and feasible for boats. At that time, Ma Chung was alive, irrigatable, transportable, and was both a free-flowing waterway and a trade route for boats.
During that period, the land on both sides of Ma Chung was vast and sparsely populated, and there were tea fields, fish ponds, flower fields, and rice fields, which was the benefit of Ma Chung.
Ma Chung Huijin Bridge Section
Along the waterway, ceramics, tea leaves, frangipani flowers, etc. produced in Yaotou, Jiashan and other villages can reach the northern part of Guangzhou, or further afield; traders in Shunde, Huadu, Renhe, Shawan, Shiqiao and other places can ship timber and agricultural products to trade here. Therefore, the area, including Erlong and Yaotou, has formed a lively market, with many shops and developed commerce.
In particular, Yaotou City is famous in the Pearl River Delta. Therefore, Yaotou Village was "the crown of the Thirty-three Villages of Panyu Henan" for a long time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, cowhide factories and weaving mills appeared along the river, many families had looms, and handicrafts revived again. This is also a historical footnote to the fact that later from here to the south to Shayuan can become the main industrial area of Haizhu.
Compared with the Yaoxi river, which is still a rural settlement, the mouth of the yongkou and the thirteen lines across the river are shuzhu yong, and its banks are full of urban style. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it has been designated as a rare tourist area open to the outside world, a large number of people and funds from other places have poured in, many foreigners (merchants, sailors, etc.) have visited, bringing prosperity to the commerce along the river, liquor stores and pavilions are lined up one after another, peng boats and paintings are shuttled like carp, merchants and travelers drink and feast here, and literati and Confucians drink tea and sigh leisurely on the banks of the river.
The gargle in the old photo
The shores of Shuzhu Chung, including The Temple of Kaido, became a popular punching spot for a while. Many painters and photographers who came to China left many paintings and images for Shuzhu Yong. It also appears in pictorials or postcards, and can be described as famous. But in the early 20th century, it declined with the decline of the Qing government, and by the end of the 1960s, it was built into a dark channel that did not see the light of day. A generation of glory that surged in a river withered away.
Today, the horses that used to flow freely with the tides are limited by the sluice gates at both the east and west ends, and they have lost their power. It's a pity!
If the gushing water can naturally surge again, will the Grand Scene of Qinhuai in the new era appear? See both sides of the river, or possibly.
Bounded by the Huijin Bridge and the Yungui Bridge (this bridge is very ancient, yungui village, Yungui Street and other place names are derived from it), today's Ma Chung can be divided into three sections, and the scenery along the coast of each section is different.
The western section above the Huijin Bridge still feels like a wild land, the two sides of the river are chaotic and disorderly, the residential houses are closer to the river, the space is limited, the greening is not primary and secondary, and there is a lot of room for improvement, especially the section to the east of the sluice gate at the west end.
The middle section from Huijin Bridge to Yungui Bridge is the bustling movement of the river and the main distribution place of the 24 scenic spots of Yaoxi. The banks of the river are either bauhinia trees or banyan trees, which are quite layered; the yongbian road is also more spacious, but there are more old buildings nearby, and if it is demolished, the space that can be created is worth imagining. Combined with Xiaogang Park, where Yungui Bridge is located, and the nearby Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, it is not impossible to create a new beautiful scenery of Yaoxi 24.
The eastern section of the Yungui Bridge is already a modern urban landscape, with banyan trees on both sides of the river and an open river, but because of the modern high-rise buildings, it has become a canyon in the stone shi forest. If you can completely clean the water body, open the waterway, freely connect with the front and back channels, and build some leisure docks, water platforms, and swim in them, this river will naturally have vitality.
The East End of Ma Chung Sluice
Of course, all of the above is just a small thought.
If there is a big way to reshape the river and the space on both sides, and open up the barriers with the Pearl River, this breathless river is still a city waterway with a bright future.
Let the water flow, it is geographically advantageous. Good use of land, human nature.
Hopefully, Ma Chung will be able to break free.
Opposite the eastern end of Ma Chung is the former channel of the Pearl River