In December 2007, during the mid-winter season, Geng Zhanyun, then director of the Luoyang Party History Research Office, Ji Tiecheng, deputy director of the Luoyang Municipal Party History Research Office, and I went to the Russian State Archives of Social and Political History to find the archives of Li Xiangwu and Liu Zhimin, students of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow in the 1920s. In the archives, we consulted and copied the Quanzong 495, Table of Contents 225, File 1317 (Li Xiangwu 71 pages), 2137 (Liu Zhimin 8 pages), and Quanzong 530, Table of Contents 2 related to them (19 pages), a total of 98 pages.
Opening the long-sealed archives, we try to restore the real life trajectory of their lives and read the stories behind them from the precious records of that page.
Experience before staying in Su
Li Xiangwu, whose original name was Li Fengzhou, was born on September 24, 1907 in Luoning County, Henan Province, to a poor peasant family. In 1918, he was admitted to Luoning County Higher Primary School, in 1921 he was admitted to the Henan Provincial Fourth Normal School in Luoyang, and in 1923 he was transferred to the Art Department of the Henan Provincial First Normal School in Kaifeng (hereinafter referred to as the "Provincial First Division").
At the beginning of 1924, Li Xiangwu and several other progressive students initiated the establishment of the "Henan Youth Society" and served as the first executive member and publication officer of the Henan Youth Society. The main social organizations he participated in were: the "Non-Christian League," the "Henan National Assembly Facilitation Association," and served as a member of the Propaganda Unit; after the "May Thirtieth" massacre that shocked China and foreign countries in 1925, Li Xiangwu participated in the initiation of the "Henan Association for the Support of the Shanghai Case from All Walks of Life," and served as the head of the clerical unit and the propaganda unit of the "Support Association," and did a lot of propaganda and agitation work for Henan's solidarity with the "May Thirtieth" movement.
In June 1925, after graduating from the "Provincial First Division", Li Xiangwu went to Beijing and served as the editor of the Kuomintang Beijing Executive Department's organ newspaper, the Kuomintang Xinbao. In September of that year, Li Xiangwu joined the Communist Youth League of China. In October, the party organization sent him to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.
Liu Zhimin was born on July 16, 1908 in Luoshan County, Henan Province, to a shabby family of small businessmen. In 1926, before finishing middle school, she went to Hankou to join the Kuomintang women's party affairs training class founded by Soong Ching Ling. In February 1927, he was introduced to the Kuomintang by Zhu Qingrong and Li Huitao in the training class, and at the same time joined the Chinese Communist Youth League. He joined the Communist Party of China in April 1927. After that, he was appointed by the Kuomintang Hankou Special City Party Ministry and as a special commissioner for the agricultural movement in the theater, he engaged in propaganda work for the peasant movement in the Xinyang County Peasants' Association; at the same time, he served as the branch secretary of the Communist Youth League, secretly engaged in student and women's work, and also went to the women's propaganda team of the Political Department of Feng Yuxiang's army to do propaganda work. After the "July 15" counter-revolutionary incident in Wuhan, the revolution was at a low ebb. However, Liu Zhimin did not hesitate to linger on the revolutionary road, but became more determined politically. At the risk of being beheaded, she continued to secretly complete the tasks assigned by the party organization. In August, Liu Zhimin was arrested and imprisoned for the destruction of the Hankou party organization, and was later rescued by the party organization. Soon after, he was sent by the Hubei Party organization to study in the Soviet Union [4].
Party organizations are elected and dispatched
Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, known in Russian as "Sun Yat-sen University of Chinese Laborers", was founded by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Brazzaville) in honor of Dr. Sun Yat-sen after his death, with the aim of cultivating talents for the Chinese revolution.
Li Xiangwu filled out the "Questionnaire for Party Members of the Chinese Nationalist Party Branch in Mozambique" on November 25, 1925, "Who introduced him to Sun Da"? column, filling in the following: Yu Shude, Lu Youyu. Yu Shude, a native of Jinghai, Hebei Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1922 through the introduction of Li Dazhao, a member of the Central Executive Committee elected by the Kuomintang "First Congress", and then the director of the Youth Department (Student Department) of the Beijing Executive Department. Lu Youyu, a native of Zhucheng, Shandong, a close friend of the Chinese Communist Party, was then an alternate executive member of the Kuomintang's Beijing Executive Department, specifically responsible for the daily work of the Executive Department, and was killed by the warlord Zhang Zuolin in 1927 along with Li Dazhao. Both were the right-hand men of Comrade Li Dazhao, the main responsible person of the Beijing Executive Department of the Kuomintang at that time. Li Xiangwu should have had a lot of contact with the two during his tenure at the National New Daily. In the "Personal and Organizational" column of the "Personal and Organizational Relations" that he has a connection with in question 21 of the "Questionnaire for Traveling to Mozambique", he fills in the "Friends of the Road" and states that the "Pre-Coming Relations with Russia" is: the relationship of friends.
According to a former junior high school student affiliated to Zhongzhou University and sent to study in the Soviet Union by the Henan Party Organization in February 1927, ma Yuansheng recalled in the book "Chronicle of Traveling in the Soviet Union", after the "Double Tenth Festival" in 1925, the Party Department of Kaifeng City of the Kuomintang received a notice to send students to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. Wang Ruofei, then secretary of the Yushan District CPC Committee, was elected as a special commissioner through Yu Shude, head of the KUOMINTK's Beijing Executive Department, in order to ensure that cpc members, members of the Communist Youth League, and leftists in the KUOMINTang could be elected. The first batch of 9 students sent from Henan, except for 2 leftists, were all members of the Communist Party of China or the Communist Youth League. At that time, Ma Yuansheng was also recommended, and gave up for personal reasons and replaced it with Yang Fangzhi. It was finally determined that there were 3 members of the "Zhongda Affiliated Middle School": Tu Qingqi (Du Weizhi, a member of the Communist Party of China), Zhang Linghua (leftist of the Kuomintang), and Yang Fangzhi (leftist of the Kuomintang); 3 members of the "Provincial First Division": Han Yuanbo (i.e., Han Shaoxiang, a member of the Communist Party of China), Pei Guang (a member of the League), and Li Xiangwu (a member of the League); 1 member of the "Second Middle School of Kaifeng": Liu Guozhang (later renamed Liu Shaowen, a member of the Communist Party of China), and 1 in Zhengzhou: Li Peize (i.e., Li Peizhi, a member of the Communist Party of China, wang Ruofei's lover). One more person is unknown. According to Wu Xiuquan's recollection, at the same time as him, he was admitted to the Moscow Infantry School, and there were eleven former Sun Yat-sen University classmates who passed and were approved for admission, including one from Henan, Li Xingruo. In the "Henan Memorabilia in 1925", the Henan Party organization selected the students studying in the Soviet Union with the name of "Li Xingmei", but I don't know if it is the mistake of "Li Xingruo"?
Mr. Sun Yaowen said in his book "Five Years of Wind and Rain -- The Beginning and End of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow", "In the north, the work of selecting students studying in the Soviet Union actually fell on the shoulders of the CPC Northern District Committee led by Li Dazhao. However, the selection process was also carried out in the name of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. "At that time, the party organizations in the northern provinces that belonged to the leadership of the CPC Northern Regional Committee also locally selected and transferred a group of young people to Shanghai to concentrate and then go to the Soviet Union to study." Yu Shugong remembers, "In the autumn of 1925, Ding Weifen and Yu Shude (a member of the Communist Party), members of the Kuomintang Central Executive Department in Beijing who cooperated with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, came forward and held a meeting with the European and American Returned Scholars Association along the Nanhe River in Beijing, announcing forty members who had stayed in the Soviet Union and distributing thirty yuan of travel expenses to Shanghai on the spot. ”
It can be understood that in 1925, the selection of students studying in the Soviet Union in the north was nominally carried out by the Kuomintang, but in fact by the CPC Northern District Committee and the provincial party organizations under its leadership.
When Liu Zhimin went to the Soviet Union to study, the situation had changed greatly. In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, openly betraying the revolution. In July, the Kuomintang Central Committee in Wuhan, controlled by Wang Jingwei and others, held a "split-communist" meeting, which completely betrayed the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation policy formulated by Sun Yat-sen and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal program, and carried out mass arrests and massacres of Communists and revolutionary masses. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces and train revolutionary cadres, the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send a group of party members to the Soviet Union to study. Liu Zhimin is one of them.
Student at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow
In this way, Li Xiangwu came to the Soviet Union with the purpose of "learning revolutionary theory and receiving group training."
Li Xiangwu arrived at Sun Yat-sen University at 16 Volkhonka Street in Moscow on November 23, 1925. Wu Xiuquan arrived in the same boat as him. According to Wu Xiuquan, "The first thing we did after entering the school was that the school staff and teachers talked to each of us and asked about our names, places of origin, family composition, education level, education and experience, what books we had read, what revolutionary activities we had participated in, and so on. ... Then start the class and issue the student ID card. Li Xiangwu was placed in the 4th class, and the student ID number was No. 35. The school gave every Chinese student a Russian name. Li Xiangwu's full Russian name is: Zahar. Ivanovich. Zhdanov. On November 27, 1925, after a medical examination, the school doctor issued him a health certificate.
The study tasks of Sun Yat-sen University are arduous and intense: to study Russian, to study theory, to study history, to live an organizational life, and to study the military. Li Xiangwu quickly adapted to this learning rhythm and achieved good results. According to Wu Xiuquan's recollection: "Although Comrade Xiangwu and I were in different classes at Sun Yat-sen University, our relationship was very close. I remember very clearly that Comrade Xiangwu was slightly older than me, with a slender figure, a dignified appearance, a serious but approachable look. Our main task at Sun Yat-sen University is to study, learn to become a literary and martial artist, and return to China to make a revolution. Comrade Xiangwu can be described as a diligent study, tireless, rapid progress, and remarkable achievements in study. So in less than two years, he was transferred to the University of the East as a translator. This was rare among the students at the time. The reason why he has achieved such achievements is certainly a condition for his talent and intelligence, but the enthusiasm and ideals of the revolution are probably an intrinsic reason. ”
During his studies at Sun Yat-sen University, Li Xiangwu transferred from the Communist Youth League of China to the Lenin Communist Youth League of Russia, and successively served as the leader of the league group, a member of the league branch, a member of the editorial board of the poster newspaper, and the secretary of the club of Sun Yat-sen University. In addition, he also took on many extracurricular tasks. In the two "Questionnaires on the Work of Party Members and League Members (January 22 and February 28, 1927)" signed by Li Biding, the leader of the 4th group of the party group, Li Xiangwu filled in the column of "What kind of work to hold": "Editor of the Russian column of the poster, secretary of the history of the Western Revolution (January); leader and translator of the news group, translation of school visits, translation of the Kuomintang group, translation of club visits, and editor of posters (February)". In the column "Each type of work is subject to some time other than meetings", he filled in the following: "Interpretation time is fifteen hours and others". The amount of work can be imagined.
Li Xiangwu was also often assigned to the grass-roots level by Soviet league organizations and social groups to carry out tasks. Li Xiangwu's archives contain several travel certificates that illustrate this point: 1. At 18:00 on March 7, 1926, he went to the Foreign Affairs Office of the Central Shooting Club of the All-Soviet Association for Support of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Volunteers to attend a meeting of the Department of Affairs; 2. He was appointed by the Propaganda Department of the Moscow Oblast Youth League Committee to attend the plenary meeting of the Grokhov Regiment Branch at 8 p.m. on April 1, 1926, as an interpreter; 3. On March 18, 1927, he was appointed by the Moscow Branch of the International Revolutionary Fighters' Rescue Association of the USSR to deliver a welcome speech at the workers' congress of the "October Revolutionary Factory"; 4 On May 21, 1927, he was appointed by the Moscow Youth League Committee to report to the Sergiyev Youth League Committee on major events in China (probably the April 12 coup).
Half a "Team Member Analysis Form"
In the archives, we found half a "member analysis form" of the first batch of students of Sun Yat-sen University filled in with Chinese, but the month, date and filler were unknown, only the Arabic numeral "1926". The Russian word in the upper left corner of the table is indicated as "Komsomol member appraisal", and it is speculated that the time of filling in the form should be at the end of the semester at the end of 1926. Judging from the content, it should be from the hand of the person in charge of the party organization of Sun Yat-sen University. Because there are sources that the first period is divided into 11 classes, and this table only shows the names of 99 party members in 7 classes, it is called "half sheet". Although it was "half Zhang", it had important reference value for studying the activities of the CCP group at Sun Yat-sen University at that time.
The "Analysis Table of League Members" is divided into five columns: shifts, stalwarts, neutral elements, backward molecules, and problematic molecules. The "Backbone Elements" column is divided into three sub-columns: party members, pure league members (that is, league members before coming to Mo), and adding three sub-columns after coming to Mo. The names in the table are noted in Chinese and Russian. Among the 99 party members, there are 75 "stalwarts," 13 "zhongping elements," 10 "backward elements," and 1 "problematic element." Among the "backbone elements", there are 29 concurrent party members, 27 pure league members, and 19 league members who joined after coming to Mo. Among the more famous party members, there are: Deng Xixian (Deng Xiaoping, Class 7), Fu Zhong (Class 2), Zhang Xiyi (married Deng Xiaoping in 1928, Class 3), Li Biting (Class 4), Liu Mingxian (Class 4), Zhao Xiangui (Mao Zeqin's wife, Class 5), Li Junzhe (Li Zhuoran, Class 7), Han Yuanbo (Han Yuanbo, Class 7), Pan Zili (Pan Zili, Class 7), and so on. Among the pure members of the regiment, there are Wang Jiaxiang (Wang Jiaxiang, 1 class), Zhu Rui (7 classes), Pei Guang (7 classes), Li Xiangwu (4 classes), Yunrun (Ulanfu cousin, 6 classes) and so on. After coming to Mo, there were Wu Liangbin (Wu Liangping, Class 1), Shao Zhigang (Son of Shao Lizi, Class 1), Yang Fangzhi (Class 1), Jiang Jingguo (Class 4), Fu Xuewen (later married to Shao Lizi, Class 5), Yu Leng (Yu Zhixiu, Daughter of Yu Youren, Class 5), and so on.
It can be seen from the above table that Li Xiangwu is among the "stalwarts," which shows that the party organization trusts him. At that time, the organizational life of the party group of Sun Yat-sen University was very strict, and the group leader appraised or evaluated the study and work performance of the group members every month. We found another form about Li Xiangwu from the archives -- an appraisal form signed by Gao Weihan and Rui Shuang, the leader of the 4th Group of the Young Communist Party (the time is unknown, probably before the "League Member Analysis Form"), which focused on the shortcomings of 10 party members, including Chiang Ching-kuo and Li Xiangwu, and wrote about Li Xiangwu: "The petty-bourgeois habits have not been shed, and we have made him occupy the position of a stalwart, and we have trained him from it." This is the evaluation of Chiang Ching-kuo: "I work hard, I have a considerable understanding of the party, my skin (spleen) is not good, and I talk casually." Finally, it was concluded: "The above people discussed at the 4th Group Party Group Meeting, and the comrades believed that although the comrades above had shortcomings, they were better in this group, and we admitted that they were qualified to be stalwarts. ”
Translation by Moscow Oriental University
In July 1927, the first batch of students graduated from Sun Yat-sen University. Li Xiangwu was sent by the Comintern to do translation work at the Oriental University at 3 Strast Square in Moscow. The Moscow Oriental University, whose full name is the Moscow Communist University of the Eastern Workers, was founded in October 1921 by the Central Committee of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville), and its main task was to train national cadres for the eastern region of the Soviet Union and revolutionary cadres for the countries of the East.
UTokyo issued him four work permits, spanning July 1927 to September 1, 1928. At the same time as him, he went to Dongda as a translator for Ulan Fu (Yunze), Xue Caoguo (Sun Yefang), Qi Shugong, Gao Liwen and so on. According to Gao Liwen, at the summer camp, "we spent two months of military training with our classmates at UTokyo. The first step in military training is for Russian officers to teach us how to use light weapons, such as rifles, light and heavy machine guns, how to disassemble and maintain the parts of guns. When the weather is clear, it is often done in the field, and the squads and platoons are used as units for exercises. After the summer camp, Li Xiangwu stayed in the Chinese Special Military and Political Training Course of Dongfang University as the head of the translation team. Huang Huoqing was studying in this class at that time, and according to his recollection, Li Xiangwu knew Russian, English and French and was one of the best translators at UTokyo. The military class mainly teaches military theory, command art, ordnance knowledge and Chinese and foreign combat examples. A one-year teaching and translation career not only enabled him to display his translation talents, but also enriched his military knowledge and laid the foundation for him to engage in military struggle after returning to China.
Joining the Communist Party (Brazzaville)
Soon after entering Sun Yat-sen University, Li Xiangwu made a request to the party organization to join the party. [28] On November 14, 1927, Li Xiangwu again submitted an application to the Party organization. The full text of the application is as follows:
Special Committee of the Communist University Branch Bureau of the Eastern Laborers:
After being introduced by Maleshev, Ayingush, Pogulayev, Fiszna, Uvalova, I applied to join the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).
stab. he. Zhdanov (Li Xiangwu)
November 14, 1927
According to the regulations of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville) at that time, 5 party members were required to apply for membership in the party. Li Xiangwu's 5 introducers, except for Malyshev, who is a teacher at UTokyo University, the other 4 are from Sun Yat-sen University. The five introducers unanimously agreed that Li Xiangwu was politically firm, active in his work, and strictly disciplined, and agreed to recommend him to join the United Communist Party (Brazzaville).
Among them, Boguriaev is the head of the secretariat of Sun Yat-sen University. In the memoirs of a student at Sun Yat-sen University, his name appears more frequently. His letter of recommendation read: "I met Comrade Zhdanov (Li Xiangwu) at my work at Sun Yat-sen University. As a member of the Communist Youth League, he was very active and highly conscious, whether he participated in the work of the Party (Komsomol) or in the social work of the school. Comrade Zhdanov has good relations with comrades in the Party and can stand the test. I consider Comrade Zhdanov to be a well-trained and qualified member of the Komsomol and recommend him as a reserve member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks). ”
On November 24, 1927, the party group held a closed-door meeting to hear Li Xiangwu's statement on joining the United Communist Party (Brazzaville), and the meeting approved by a majority vote to accept Li Xiangwu as a reserve member of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville). On November 25, the Special Committee of the Branch Bureau of the Eastern University of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville) held an open meeting of all party members, and the meeting approved by a majority of votes to accept Li Xiangwu as a reserve party member of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville). On May 12, 1928, the Krasnoplesian District Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of The Communist Party of Bulgaria (Brazzaville) issued a resolution no. 26: Zhdanov (Li Xiangwu) was approved as a reserve member of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville) for a preparatory period of 2 years. Li Xiangwu's membership card of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville) was issued to him on April 25, 1928, and the time of joining the party was calculated from November 25, 1927, the date of adoption by the special committee of the branch bureau.
Moscow love
In Moscow, Li Xiangwu not only learned systematic theoretical knowledge of Marxism-Leninism, but also gained love.
On November 6, 1927, the third batch of students sent by the CCP arrived in Moscow. Liu Zhimin was assigned to the second class of the first year of Sun Yat-sen University, the class leader: Li Junfu; the party group was the second group, and the group leader: Wan Zhiling. Student ID number: 871. [34] Her full Russian name: Natalia. Andreyevna. Persikova.
The two of them met because of Cao Jinghua and his wife. At that time, Cao Jinghua, a famous literary translator in China, was working and studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. Cao Jinghua's wife, Shang Peiqiu, recalled: "After the defeat of the Great Revolution in 1927, my lover Cao Jinghua and I broke out of the encirclement of the Kuomintang reactionaries and took a boat from Wuhan to the Soviet Union via Shanghai. I studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. Comrade Zhimin and I are both Luoshan people, and because of our hometown relations, we quickly became familiar with each other. She was also studying at Sun Yat-sen University at the time, and she was in the same grade as me, but different classes. At that time, our family lived in Sun Yat-sen University, and Comrade Liu Zhimin often came to my house to play. My lover Cao Jinghua went to The Oriental University and met Comrade Li Xiangwu, who worked there. He also often came to my house and met Liu Zhimin at my house. He is warm and cheerful and has a high enthusiasm for his work. After Liu Zhimin met him, the relationship was relatively harmonious and they both had a good feeling. Around the spring of 1928, they were introduced by Comrade Cao Jinghua and me to get married. ”
The sweet life after marriage gave Liu Zhimin, who studied in a foreign country, great comfort and happiness. Beginning in the summer vacation of July 1928, Li Xiangwu went to work at the Dongdakovrov Summer Camp. Liu Zhimin wrote a letter to Boguriaev, who was in charge of the student at the time, asking him for permission to see Li Xiangwu. The letter was written in Russian, and we can feel Liu Zhimin's fiery love from the letter. The letter reads: "Comrade Poguriaev: I cannot live without Zhdanov. I didn't go a day without thinking about him. I felt very bad, it was a disease that doctors could not cure. If this continues, my body and mind will be tormented. Therefore, I asked to go to the city of Kokovrov (winter university summer camp, where Zhdanov worked). Please send me there! I will be back by September 1st. --I miss him so much! --- Persikova, July 2, 1928".
Soon, they had the crystallization of love. On March 2, 1929, Liu Zhimin gave birth to a boy in Chita, whose full Russian name was Vladimir. Zaharievich. Zhdanov, Chinese name was "Susan". The birth of the child brought a touch of warmth to Li Xiangwu and his wife who worked in the cold Chita.
Eastern Worker Instructor
In September 1928, Li Xiangwu received training at the Frunze Military Academy. The file shows: A pass for the Frunze Military Academy issued by the head of the army, Pakhleev (valid until 1 October).
In October 1928, according to the arrangement of the Central Committee of the United Communist Party (Brazzaville), Li Xiangwu went to work at the Chita Gold Mine of the Soviet Gold Industry Company and served as an instructor for the Eastern Workers of the Grass-roots Committee of the Chita State Trade Union. The contract with the USSR Gold Industries Company was signed for a period of two years and a monthly salary of not less than 120 rubles.
Regarding the nature of the work of the "Oriental Worker Instructor", according to Xie Huaidan (then called Qiu Dongguan), a graduate of the second phase of Sun Yat-sen University who went to the Siberian gold mine at the same time as an instructor for the Oriental Workers, before going to Siberia, Chen Shaoyu (Wang Ming) and others spread rumors among their classmates that those who went to Siberia were going to do hard work and go to labor reform. At the same time, it was also revealed that there were more than a dozen people who went to Siberia, including Lin Qiduo, Yan Yuzhen, and Xiang Youmei. Everyone knows that they are anti-sectarian activists. After hearing the legend, the students were very angry and asked to clarify the problem. Lin Qiduo and others proposed that it was necessary to go to Yanoslawsky, director of the Central Control Commission of the United Communist Party, to find out. After arriving at the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party, Yanoravsky personally received them and confirmed that it was indeed the right thing for the Central Committee of the United Communist Party to send a group of outstanding Chinese party members to Sun Yat-sen University to serve as instructors for the eastern workers in the siberian gold mining areas, and patiently told them the background of this decision, which was based on the needs of the Soviet Union for the development of the gold industry. At that time, the Soviet Union recruited a large number of Eastern workers in the gold mines of the Far East. The low level of education of these workers affected the completion of the first five-year plan. Therefore, a group of eastern workers' instructors were selected to go there, mainly to engage in cultural education and ideological and political work, so as to improve the political ideological and cultural quality of the workers. Saying that you will do "hard work" and "labor reform" is pure rumor and should not be believed. After figuring out the mission to Siberia, Xie Huaidan and Liu Chonghua took the initiative to join the team, and the application was approved.
In November 1928, Li Xiangwu attended the Third Congress of Trade Unions in Chita Prefecture as an official delegate. At the end of the same month, he attended the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Congress in Chita City, and was authorized by the Presidium to be responsible for the preparation and implementation of the election meetings of the 18 constituencies.
In March 1929, Li Xiangwu served as a translator for the training course for grass-roots mine technicians at the Chita Gold Mine until his departure. At the Chita Gold Mine, Li Xiangwu withstood the test of severe cold and personally experienced and understood the Soviet conference system. He studied and worked with grassroots workers, and he was also tempered and increased his talents.
Strive to return home
During his days at Chita, he was always paying close attention to the changes in the situation of the revolutionary struggle in China and was eager to return to China and plunge himself into the torrent of revolution. On April 14, 1929, he sent a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party (Brazzaville), pressing for a return to China, or moscow first. On May 23, a staff member named "Nifanov" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of Bulgaria replied to him that he could not discuss the issue of going to China to work, and that if he wanted to return to Moscow, he needed to consult with the head of the Soviet Gold Mine Administration in Irkutsk. If the negotiations succeed, they do not object. If not, go to Moscow when you take a vacation. Li Xiangwu was not discouraged and tried every means to win. After unremitting efforts, he finally obtained the document approved by Mif, then minister of the Eastern Department of the Comintern, for his return to China:
Comrade Abramov: Please take measures to send Comrade Zhdanov and his wife Persikova back to China at the expense of Sun Yat-sen University. Comrade Zhdanov studied at Sun Yat-sen University and later worked as an interpreter under the United Communist Party (Brazzaville) of The Eastern University. Last year Comrade Zhdanov studied at the military academy and was sent to work for the "Gold Mining Company" in Chita Oblast, where he left and came to Moscow, where he remains to this day.
general. Miff
June 11, 1929
Li Xiangwu, who was like an arrow in his heart, left to return to the motherland with his wife and children that month. After a long journey, we arrived in Shanghai at about the end of June or early July to report to the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee. Li Xiangwu was then assigned to the Central Military Department and began a secret battle year.
Li Xiangwu and his wife entered the Central Soviet District in March and August 1931, respectively. Li Xiangwu successively served as political commissar of the Red Army Division, political commissar of the army, and minister of enemy work of the General Political Department; Liu Zhimin successively served as director of the organization department of the political department of the Fujian-Gansu Military Region, member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Fujian-Gansu Provincial CPC Committee, and minister of women. After the Long March of the Central Red Army, they were ordered to stay and persevere in the struggle. Li Xiangwu was martyred in March 1935 in a breakthrough battle in the Huichang Tianmen Ridge area. Liu Zhimin was captured by the enemy in a battle at the end of 1934, and was unyielding and bravely defended in June 1935 in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province.
One day five years later (March 28, 1940), the Comintern received a report on the death of Zhdanov (Li Xiangwu) in the Central Soviet Region of Jiangxi. The reporters are two elder sisters of high moral standing in our party: Deng Yingchao and Cai Chang (Rosa Cai).
Through this page of the dossier, we truly feel that these early Communists had a persistent pursuit of truth, unlimited loyalty to the Party organization, and full enthusiasm for the revolutionary cause of the proletariat. And these are precisely what our descendants should learn and carry forward.
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