1
Many friends know that there is a celebrity in Hong Kong society called the "Justice of the Peace".
What is a "Justice of the Peace"?
The so-called "Justice of the Peace", also known as the "Justice of the Peace", originated in the United Kingdom.
Why is there such a thing as a "magistrate"?
Here's the thing:
In the history of Britain, judges and magistrates in some places, such as remote places, will be due to insufficient manpower, administrative costs are not enough to support judicial operation, public security management and other reasons, so in some places in British history, the government will from the local prestige of people, such as rich people, educated people, warm-hearted people, loved by the public, to serve as temporary magistrates, to deal with the trial of simple cases.
This kind of person is called "Justice of the Peace", also known as "magistrate".
For example, in ancient times, a small village on the outskirts of London, A owed B a hundred pounds, there was an IOU, it was not repaid when it was due, the facts were clear, the evidence was conclusive, this kind of case, the London Magistrate's Court, did not want to care, so it would let the "Justice of the Peace" in the village, conduct a summary trial, call A to repay the money, and it was over.
This is the original role of the "Justice of the Peace".
After the opening of Hong Kong, it also began to appoint justices of the peace, initially all of whom were appointed British, but later, they also began to appoint Chinese widely, such as Ng Tingfang, who was famous in modern Chinese history, who was once appointed as the Justice of the Peace in Hong Kong.
Wu Tingfang
In the history of Hong Kong, the Justice of the Peace used to try cases, but later, because Hong Kong's judicial system became more and more perfect and judicial resources became more and more abundant, later, there was no longer a need for Justice of the Peace to try cases.
Now the Justice of the Peace in Hong Kong is a symbolic social honour.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong people did not translate "Justice of the Peace" as "magistrate" because the term "magistrate" was not tall enough.
Translated as "Justice of the Peace", you see, how tall.
The grade has been improved a lot.
2
I believe that many history lovers will have this question: Arabs, why do they have the habit of wrapping headscarves?
The answer is: wind and sand.
Since ancient times, the Arab world has been a relatively concentrated area of deserts, and since ancient times, Arabs have often crossed the desert for business, migration, visiting friends, visiting relatives, etc.
What's more about the desert? Wind and sand.
The wind and sand blow, blowing your eyes full of sand grains, so that you can't open your eyes.
Therefore, the head should be wrapped in a turban, usually do not cover the face, encounter the wind and sand, take off the turban, wrap the face, to prevent the sand from hitting the face.
Therefore, since ancient times, people in the Arab world have wrapped headscarves around their heads.
Later, I got used to wrapping myself, and I developed a habit in my life, and when I didn't cross the desert, I also wrapped my head in a turban.
Because anyway, in addition to the windproof sand, the turban has other functions, can be used as a towel, can be used as a pillow, can be bandaged wounds, can do many things.
When the carpet is not found, the towel is undone, laid on the ground, used as a carpet, and kneels down to pray to God.
It can also be used to make simple temporary pockets, hold things, and carry things.
A headscarf is simply a multi-functional artifact.
That's it. The turban originally originated in the desert to prevent wind and sand, but later, it gradually integrated into the life of the Arabs and became an indispensable necessity of life for the Arabs.
3
The Uyghurs are one of the 56 ethnic groups in China, and the Uyghurs are also our compatriots.
Today I would like to tell you an interesting story about the Uyghurs.
Uyghurs, only first name, no surname.
Reading this, are you trying to beat me up?
It's true.
The Uyghurs practice a naming system called the "father-son joint naming system."
Uyghur names are the original name in the front and the father's name in the back.
For example, the modern Chinese Uyghur female star Di Li Reba, who is well known to all, her name is:
Dili reba Dilimulati
Among them, Di Li Reba is her own name, and Dilimulati is her father's name.
Dili reba's father was named Dilimulati Abedula, of which Dilimulati was his own name, and Abaidula was the name of his father, di liraba's grandfather.
And so on.
So, where did the Uyghur culture, the named culture, come from?
The answer is: influenced by the Arab world.
In many countries of the Arab region, people follow this law by naming names: the original name is added to the paternal name.
4
Why do birds fly in the shape of "people"?
This phenomenon is known to everyone.
However, it is rare to answer why.
In fact, the answer is not difficult:
Because according to aerodynamics, birds fly in human glyphs, for birds, it is the most labor-saving, the most energy-saving, conducive to long-distance flights.
So, are birds specially trained to fly in human glyphs?
Not really.
That's instinct.
When flying, the air resistance is not large, what formation to fly, the air resistance is the smallest, the most labor-saving to fly, they will adjust themselves in the process of flying.
It's instinctive. No training required.
This instinct cannot be inherited, and that bird is going to go extinct.
5
We all know "morphine".
However, few people know that the essence of morphine is actually opium.
Morphine is a papillary painkiller extracted from the poppy.
Morphine, along with opium and heroin, are different fruits that grow from the same tree.
In essence, they are all the same thing.
Morphine has analgesic and hypnotic effects, so it is named after Morpheus, the "god of sleep" in Greek mythology, and the Chinese transliteration is morphine.
6
The results of a data analysis of a dating website in Beijing showed:
The vast majority of women, including mediocre women who have difficulty choosing a mate, like to browse the profiles of men with high incomes.
Dating website statistics show that:
The higher a man's income, the more times his profile is viewed.
The lower the man's income, the less his profile is viewed.
7
In media science, there is a theory called "Echo chamber", that is, the same opinion, in a small circle, is constantly repeated, constantly disseminated to each other, mutual affirmation, and eventually leads to people in this circle, the vision is getting narrower and narrower, the thinking is more and more extreme, and the prejudice is becoming more and more serious.
For example, if a Hong Kong person is prejudiced against mainland compatriots, then in his life, he will continue to pay attention to negative news related to mainland compatriots, his dating circle will continue to repeat negative information about mainland compatriots, and his mobile news client will also intelligently and daily push him some negative news about mainland compatriots.
Over time, in this person's view, the mainland compatriots are useless, and they will turn a blind eye to any advantages, any positive information, or any desirable points of the mainland compatriots, or they will not know at all.
This is called the echo chamber effect. A person roars in the echo chamber, and the same voice is repeated many times.
In the same way, once a person sincerely believes in Christianity, then all those gathered around him are devout Christians, and the articles he usually comes into contact with are all praise for Christ, and as for the various criticisms of Christianity and the Bible in the scientific community, all kinds of errors pointed out, and all kinds of questions raised, he will actively avoid looking at it, and over time, in his thought, Christianity will become the truth of the universe, and all other facts and theories are wrong.
Muslim extremists who flew planes into the World Trade Center in the United States were actually the same kind of people.
This phenomenon is called the echo chamber effect.
In order to avoid making mistakes, it is best for a person to look at the six ways and listen to the eight directions.
8
People in this world generally have a very interesting phenomenon, that is:
Almost all people think that the culture that accompanies their natives is authentic, and all foreign cultures are "barbarians".
For example, in the early days of reform and opening up, when many Guangdong people saw people from other provinces for the first time, they heard mandarin full of mouths from outside the country, and Guangdong people looked at them with contempt.
In the three views of the Cantonese people, Cantonese is the authentic discourse of the universe, and all other foreign languages, including Mandarin, are "barbarians", so in the early days of reform and opening up, Guangdong people called all the foreign population "Laozai", "Laojie", and "Laosong".
At that time, the folk of Guangdong had a nursery rhyme that cursed the foreign population in this way:
"Fish for pine, eat coriander onions, buy a coffin to dig a hole"
I don't have to translate it.
And the interesting thing is that Mandarin-speaking Beijingers, in the same era, also look down on Guangdong people, they feel that Cantonese people are full of "bird language", inexplicably, Beijing people believe that only the people at the foot of the imperial city are authentic people, and all other outsiders are "barbarians".
What is even more interesting is that Shanghainese who speak Shanghainese not only look down on Cantonese, but also look down on Beijingers, and in the eyes of Shanghainese, all non-Shanghainese are rural people, including Beijingers under the roots of the imperial city, who are also rural people.
Being narrow-minded is so. It can be called a grand view.
9
After Hong Xiuquan's uprising in Guiping, Guangxi, the Qing government sent troops to Hong Xiuquan's hometown, Guanlubu Village, Hua County, Guangdong Province, to set Hong Xiuquan's house on fire, and threatened to "curse the nine ethnic groups," arrest people everywhere, torture and interrogate you, and ask if you were in the same party.
Some history enthusiasts criticized the Qing government, one person doing things and one person doing things, how can it be able to unite the nine ethnic groups and exterminate the entire village?
In fact, the Qing government did not see it that way.
People who do administrative work, their perspective on the problem, is different from the people.
Judging from the experience of handling cases in the history of various places, a person gathering a crowd to plot rebellion is basically a fellow villager and relatives and friends of Xianla, so after Hong Xiuquan's uprising, the Qing government drove out guanlubu village to extinction, although it is not legal, but according to the experience of administrative management, this is the usual idea of "it is better to kill a thousand by mistake than to let go of one", in the Qing Dynasty, where technology was not developed, this was the lowest cost and most economical way of dealing with it.
If you don't do that, the consequences are endless.
History proves that the Qing government's fears did become a reality later, precisely because they were not exterminated, and many fish that slipped through the net in Guanlubu Village later joined the Taiping Army, such as Hong Renjiu and Hong Quanfu.
Who is Hong Quanfu?
Hong Quanfu, a fellow villager of Hong Xiuquan, participated in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, was once crowned king of Ying, and after the tianjing was attacked, Hong Quanfu fled to Hong Kong, and later joined the Heaven and Earth Society in Hong Kong.
Hong Quanfu
In 1902, when Xingzhong would cooperate with Hong Quanfu to prepare for an uprising in Guangzhou, Hong Quanfu found a company called Todd Foreign Firm, bought guns, paid for guns, and waited for the delivery.
Unexpectedly, the owner of this Todd foreign firm, the business is not rude, he received the gun money, but also smelled Hong Quanfu's gang, buy so many guns, must be to rebel, if at this time, I inform the Qing government, ask the government to arrest them, then my gun does not have to be shipped, and the payment does not have to be refunded.
What a good thing.
Crooked thoughts.
Therefore, he reported the case to the Qing government.
The Qing government did indeed make a large-scale search, and the chickens flew and the dogs jumped.
Before Hong Quanfu's uprising was launched, he was stillborn.
Later, Hung Died of Illness in Hong Kong.
10
We all know that Liu Lichuan, a native of Zhongshan, Guangdong, led the Shanghai Knife Society Uprising.
What is the ins and outs of this matter?
Simply put, it looks like this:
Liu Lichuan came to Shanghai in 1849 to do business and participated in the knife club.
A few years later, Pan Qixiang, the leader of the Knife Society, was sentenced to death and sent to the execution ground to be killed because of an offence with the foreigners' church, so Liu Lichuan joined forces with Zhou Lichun, the leader of the Qingpu Heaven and Earth Society, Xu Yao of the Jiading Heaven and Earth Society, Chen Alin of the Fujian Heaven and Earth Society, Zhou Lichun, Zhou Xiuying, and others from Shanghai Qingpu, and gathered about 2,000 armed people to "rob the law field."
It worked.
Rescued Pan Qixiang.
You know, what is the crime of robbing the law?
capital crime.
Therefore, after robbing the law field, Liu Lichuan and his gang actually had no way to live.
Horizontal is also dead, vertical is also dead, it is better to simply reverse it.
As a result, the knife will capture the city of Yamen, the county seat of Shanghai, kill Yuan Zude of Shanghai ZhiXian county, and capture Wu Jianzhang, the superintendent of Shanghai Dao and customs, alive.
Siege and plunder.
The team grew rapidly, into a crowd of tens of thousands.
The so-called knife society uprising, which was first caused by this.
Later, the Qing government colluded with foreign armed forces to attack the Knife Society.
Liu Lichuan was killed by a shot from qing soldiers in a battle.