To treat type 2 diabetes, these 3 Western medicines and 6 proprietary Chinese medicines, you must know:
1. Western medicine:
1. Pioglitazone:
Belonging to the thiazolidinedione class, it is an insulin sensitizer that exerts hypoglycemic effects by increasing the sensitivity of skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue to insulin. Hypoglycemia is not easily induced when used alone, but can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with insulin or insulin secretagogues. Studies have shown that pioglitazone has cardiovascular protective effects. It may be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes with severe insulin resistance, but may result in an increased risk of weight gain, oedema, fractures, and heart failure, and should be used with caution in patients at risk of congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, falls, or fractures.
2. Acarbose:
It is a α⁃ glycosidase inhibitor, which reduces postprandial blood sugar by inhibiting the activity of intestinal glycosidase, delaying the absorption of carbohydrate foods, taking it alone will not cause hypoglycemia, and can improve the risk of hypoglycemia of other hypoglycemic drugs, suitable for Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with carbohydrate foods as the main energy source. It works better when taken with (or chewed) with the first bite of staple food during meals. Gastrointestinal reactions (bloating, increased gas) after taking the drug, starting with a small dose and gradually increasing the amount can effectively reduce gastrointestinal reactions. It should not be used by patients with gastrointestinal disease, dysfunction or surgery. Acarbose therapy has a stronger weight loss effect and can be used in patients who need to lose weight. Acarbose studies have confirmed the benefits of its use in pre-diabetic patients (delaying the progression of diabetes). Patients with hypoglycemic hypoglycemia should be given orally or intravenously, and the effect of eating sucrose or starchy foods corrects hypoglycemia is poor. Acarbose itself has no nephrotoxicity, can be absorbed into the blood to varying degrees, eGFR<30ml/(min·1.73 m2) should not be applied. Acarbose has rarely been reported with liver function impairment, and should not be used in patients with moderate and severe cirrhosis.
3. Empagliflozin:
It belongs to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors by inhibiting the activity of proximal tubular SGLT2 to increase urinary glucose excretion, thereby achieving hypoglycemic effect. Because its hypoglycemic mechanism does not depend on insulin, hypoglycemia rarely occurs, and there is also weight loss, especially the reduction of visceral fat.
Common adverse effects of empagliflozin are urinary and genital infections. In order to avoid the occurrence of genital tract and urinary tract infections, it is not recommended for patients with repeated genitourinary infections within half a year; It is recommended to pay attention to personal genital hygiene during medication, drink an appropriate amount of water, and keep urination smooth; During use, it is recommended to suspend if infection occurs and anti-infective therapy is required. Serious adverse effects include ketoacidosis, which can occur when blood glucose is mildly elevated or normal, and factors that may precipitate ketoacidosis, such as very low carbohydrate diet, excessive exercise, surgery, and rapid or discontinuation of insulin in patients with insufficient insulin secretion, should be considered before taking. If ketoacidosis is suspected, use should be discontinued. empagliflozin has osmotic diuretic effects, which can lead to adverse reactions related to volume depletion (eg, symptomatic hypotension, dizziness, dehydration, etc.); In addition, dehydration may lead to acute kidney injury. Therefore, symptoms and signs related to volume depletion should be noted during use, especially in elderly patients or patients taking diuretics.
2. Proprietary Chinese Medicine:
1. Yuquan Maru:
The group is Kudzu, smallpox powder, rehmania, wheat dong, schisandra, licorice, which has the function of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, and is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of qi and yin, symptoms include dry throat and dry mouth, thirst and drinking, fatigue, shortness of breath and lazy speech, body wasting, waist and knee soreness, sweating night sweats, five heartaches and heat, palpitations and insomnia, red tongue and less jin, moss thin white dry or less moss, fine pulse chords.
2. Juju Dihuang Pill:
The formula is goji berry, chrysanthemum, cooked ground yellow, wine mushroom, peony peel, yam, poria, ze diarrhea, with the function of nourishing liver and kidney, used to treat type 2 diabetes is liver and kidney yin deficiency, symptoms see frequent urination, turbidity like ointment, blurred vision, waist and knee soreness, dizziness tinnitus, five upset heat, low-heat cheek redness, dry mouth and pharynx, dreamy sperm, dry skin, finches, or mosquitoes and flies, or blindness, itchy skin, red tongue and less moss, fine pulse count.
3. Jin Kui Kidney Qi Pills:
The group is rehmania, yam, wine and mushroom, poria, peony peel, ze lax, laurel branch, aconite (burnt), ox knee (to remove the head), salt psyllium, with the function of nourishing yin and tonifying yang, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is yin and yang two deficiency evidence, the symptoms are frequent urination, nocturia, turbidity like grease like ointment, and even drink a drowning one, five hearts upset, dry mouth, tiredness, dry ear wheels, dark complexion; The waist and knees are sore and weak, the cold limbs are cold, the limbs are not warm, impotence, the lower limbs are swollen, and even the whole body is swollen, the tongue is light, the moss is white and dry, and the pulse is weak and weak.
4. Tianmai thirst quenching tablets:
The formula is Schisandra, Maidong, smallpox powder, chromium picolinoate, which has the function of nourishing yin, clearing heat and rejuvenating, and is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is qi and yin deficiency, yin deficiency and internal heat evidence, symptoms include thirst and drinking, valley and hunger, body wasting, shortness of breath, self-sweating night sweats and five hearts upset.
5. Tongmai hypoglycemic capsules:
The group is princely ginseng, danshen, huanglian, astragalus, gynostemma, yam, cangshu, xuan ginseng, leech, winter sunflower fruit, kudzu root, which has the function of nourishing yin and clearing heat, clearing heat and activating blood, and is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, qi and yin deficiency, vein stasis, symptoms of fatigue, limb numbness, pain, dizziness, tinnitus, self-sweating, etc.
6. Tianqi hypoglycemic capsules:
The group is astragalus, smallpox pollen, privet, dendrobium, ginseng, earth bone skin, huanglian (wine steaming), dogwood, ink lotus, fivefold seed, with the function of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat and rejuvenating, used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus qi and yin deficiency, symptoms are fatigue, thirst and drinking, five hearts upset, self-sweating, night sweats, shortness of breath, lazy speech, palpitations and insomnia.
