Li Qingzhao can be said to be the most famous female lyricist in history, and her cherishing and serious love and seriousness of words are rare among ordinary people. Therefore, in the form of literary criticism, he wrote "The Theory of Words", which discussed more than ten predecessors and criticized them for passing. In this, she accused Su Shi of insufficient level of filling in words.
In "The Theory of Words", Li Qingzhao starts with Liu Yong and criticizes them one by one. And the part about Su Shi said: "Zhi Yan Yuanxian, Ouyang Yongshu, Su Zizhan, Xueji Tianren, as a small lyric, straight as the water in the sea, but all the sentences are not read well; and often do not consonant rhythms, what evil? Gai Shiwen is divided into flat sides, and the lyrics are divided into five tones, five sounds, and six laws, and clearly distinguish between turbidity and weight, and as in recent times, the so-called "Slow Sound", "Flowers in the Rain", and "Happy Migration Warblers" are both flat and rhymed; "Yulou Spring" originally rhymed with flat sound rhyme, and then bet on the sound, and then into the sound. If the rhyme is rhymed, if it is rhymed, it is coordinated, and if it is entered, it cannot be sung. That is to say, in Li Qingzhao's eyes, most of Su Shi's words can only be regarded as ill-read poems.
And these people's words are often out of tune, what is the reason for this? It is because the syllables of the poem are only divided into equals, and the syllables of the lyrics are divided into five tones, five sounds, and six rhythms, and also divided into priorities and clear the rhythm of the rise and fall. For example, the popular words such as "Slow Sound", "Flowers in the Rain", and "Happy Migration Warblers" in recent times not only rhyme with the sound rhyme, but also into the rhyme. Another example is "Yulou Spring", which not only rhymes with the sound, but also rhymes with it, and then into the rhyme. If you originally rhyme with the rhyme, then rhyme with the rhyme, it is harmonious, if you rhyme, you can't sing it.
Li Qingzhao
From this criticism of Su Shi and others, it can be seen that first of all, Li Qingzhao respected the literary accomplishment of his predecessors, otherwise he would not have praised them for their learning. But she also has a serious and persistent, think that the art has a specialty, when it comes to the professionalism of words, she started from the prototype of words in the Tang Kaiyuan Tianbao years, and has been talking about the people of the first hundred years of the Song Dynasty, thinking that there are very few people who really understand the boundary between words and poetry, because the rhythmic poems only talk about flat rhymes, and the words must be sung, so there are more requirements for rhythm, as well as the requirements for entering the rhyme, the various rhymes of the five-tone harmony.
Therefore, it is like Li Qingzhao, a person who is proficient in musical rhythms, when treating the lyrics with the concept of music, he found that the words written by these literary artists did not conform to the principles that music should have, and each of them had its own deviations, so he put forward criticism, but he was ridiculed as arrogance by many people in later generations. However, Lu You said that Li Qingzhao's criticism of the seniors was more than one of their shortcomings, and although she was referring to the removal of the seniors, she was justified and well-founded, not vain.
This is really a kind of progress, a manifestation of theoretical perfection in the period when words tend to mature. Just because she criticizes all the great writers, we can't ignore her views and only focus on her criticism of her predecessors. She is a female lyricist, but the love of words may not be understood by ordinary people, which is not the so-called stinginess of women, but a serious attitude towards professionalism.
If we read the words of Su Shi and others, many of them are indeed poems of different lengths and lengths, but they are only close to the words in terms of literal form, but from the perspective of sound rhythm, there are many non-consonant voices. That is, you can only read, you can't sing it. But Su Shi, like Li Bai, was more than angry, and the rules often couldn't stop him.
Su shi
But in fact, in the early Days of Su Shi, there were also many problems in writing words, such as the use of allusions, and the use of multiple allusions in a word, which hindered the artistic conception of the words, so it was criticized as "harmful to the spirit with learning". In his later years, he returned to the basics, although he also used the classics, but he was not so deliberately made to hurt the mood. It can be seen that the great literary heroes are also gradually developing, so it is not an unforgivable thing to be singled out for problems.
Therefore, Li Qingzhao's criticism of Su Shi is positive. This is a measure for a lyricist to set the standard for what she cherishes, to establish a professionalism, and it is precisely because she loves words that she is so strictly demanding, for fear that the lyricists will not know the difference between poetry and will be indiscriminate in order to hasten the demise of words.
There is such a woman, in that era, dare to put forward such an opinion, dare to challenge the authority of her predecessors, no wonder she can write such a sentence as "born as a master, dead as a ghost male" such a sentence. We should really feel fortunate that she is a rare female brilliance in the literary territory for thousands of years, independent and shining.