Xingshu is a kind of calligraphy collectively, which is divided into two types: xingkai and xingcao. It developed on the basis of cursive writing, which is a font between cursive and cursive, which is produced to make up for the slow writing speed of cursive and the difficulty of recognizing cursive. "Walking" means "walking," so it's not scrawled like cursive, nor is it as upright as iterate. In essence, it is the cursive or cursive italicization. Those who have more cursive methods are called "xingkai", and those who have more cursive methods than cursive methods are called "xingcao". The practicality and artistry of the writing are high, while the script is a text symbol, the practicality is high and the kung fu; in comparison, cursive is highly artistic, but the practicality is relatively insufficient.
The name of xingshu began with Wei Heng's "Four-Body Book". Zhang Huai explained the reasons for the production of the book in the "Book Break" as follows: "The writer. Later Han Liu Desheng also made. It is a small forgery of the book. Simplicity and popularity. Help is called a book of travels. "In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there were already writings. Judging from the development process of the generation, formation and evolution of the Xingshu and the evolution of the Xingshu through the ages, it can be seen that the Xingshu has not been developed into an independent "Xingfa". This is the biggest difference from seals, affiliations, grasses, and kai. Writing cannot be physical. The biggest feature is the use of ligatures and save pens. Instead, scribbled symbols are used or spared. The recognizable structure of the orthography is more preserved.
So as to achieve both easy and fast writing and easy to understand the practical purpose. Facilitate the circulation and exchange of text information. In addition, the line book has the characteristics of sticking to other book bodies. Therefore, Sun Guoting's "Book Genealogy" said: "The trend has become timely. The purpose of the book is to "write the book of works originated in the two Han Dynasties and became the line in the Wei and Jin dynasties." The Eastern Jin Dynasty produced a style of writing with a high artistic model, represented by the Erwang. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, it was shrouded in the artistic atmosphere of the Erwang Xingshu style. From the middle of the Tang Dynasty to the Song Yan Zhenqing Xingshu opened a new generation of winds. After that, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang of the Song Dynasty were all influenced by it.
From the Yuan to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, whether it was Zhao Meng or Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming, and Dong Qichang, they all occupied a place in the Jin and Tang dynasties. The period from the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty was a leap forward in the development of xingshu. Its characteristics: First, there are personalized cursive writers with a group nature. Second, under the influence of the trend of epigraphy, there was a style of writing a book with the northern stele brushwork. The former is a "shangshi" style of writing. The latter is in the style of folk inscriptions. Xingshu is a quick writing of calligraphy, which is said to have begun in Han Wei. It is not as neat as the letters, nor is there a draft of cursive. Those with cursive or close to cursive are called "xingkai"; those with cursive or close to cursive are called "xingcao".
One of the four families of the Song Dynasty - Su Dongpo
The achievements of Dongpo Jushi are very high in the history of books: they rank first among the four Families of song (Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai) (this ranking is not based on before and after birth); his "Huangzhou Cold Food Post" is known as the third line of the world. In fact, most of his writing is quite plain and simple; although the characteristics of the left, low, right, and high and the relatively neat rules come from Li Beihai, a vast breath of wang yang is his personal characteristic, just like his profound learning. The divine dragon changes unpredictably, and the "Huangzhou Cold Food Post" he occasionally revealed was already earth-shattering.
One of the four families of the Song Dynasty - Huang Tingjian
Huang Tingjian (1045–1105) was a Northern Song Dynasty poet and calligrapher. The word Lu Zhi, the number valley, and the number Fu Weng. A native of Fenning, Hongzhou (present-day Xiushui, Jiangxi). In the fourth year (1067) of Emperor Yingzong's reign, he entered the priesthood. From Su Shi's door and with the same name as Shi, the world is called "Su Huang". Together with Qin Guan, Chao Shuzhi, and Zhang Qi, he was called the Four Scholars of Sumen. Huang Tingjian's calligraphy is known for its calligraphy and cursive writing, and its style is similar to its poetry, taking advantage of the situation with side dangers, and being thin and stubborn. Together with Su Shi, Cai Xiang and Mi Fu, they are called the calligraphy "Song Sijia".
One of the four families of the Song Dynasty- Mi Fu
Mi Fu (1051–1107 CE) was a Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher, painter, and connoisseur. Character Chapter, Xiangyang Resident, Lumen Resident, Haiyue Foreign History. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now part of Shanxi), and he was also known as "Haigong Sheren" in the Tang and Song dynasties, so he was called "Minang Palace". Because of his wild demeanor, he is also known as "rice bump" or "rice fool". Can poetry, good at calligraphy, painting, fine appreciation. The calligraphy of Mi Fu can be used in all kinds, especially the grass. The first masters Ouyang Qing and Liu Gongquan, the font is tightly knotted, the strokes are straight and strong; the later Wei Jin, especially thanks to Wang Xianzhi, uses the pen to be handsome, the posture is expanded, calm and painful, does not practice the old traces, and comes up with new ideas in the Fa. Together with Cai Xiang (蔡京), Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, they are known as the "Four Houses of Song". Based on the extensive absorption of the strengths of predecessors, in terms of learning the ancient, Mi Fu's skill is the most profound, from the Tang dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, and even more to the Warring States, forming his unique wonderful and vivid, jumping and easy brushwork, playing his human temperament and the feelings when writing, and the knot of each word is the ancient, and the brushwork of each stroke has a history, which is also an example of the transformation from retro to ancient.
One of the Four Houses of the Song Dynasty - "Cai Jing" and "Cai Xiang" (controversial)
Du Bing Jian (都兵剑), the lord of the Lying Cow Zhai, the head of the Jianlan living room, is a famous contemporary calligrapher, and his calligraphy works are called "Bing Sword Calligraphy". A fellow of the Republic of China, he was born at the top of Taihang In Lingchuan, Shanxi. After 20 years of military service, he founded the Beijing Hongdu Academy of Calligraphy and Painting to study, explore and inherit and carry forward traditional Chinese culture. He has published calligraphy collections such as "Hanmo Sword Love", "Bing Sword Calligraphy Collection", novella "Traces of Time", essay collection "Song on mobile phone" and other literary and artistic works.
Bing sword calligraphy, such as flowing clouds and flowing water, falling pen like cloud smoke; bing sword calligraphy, such as dragon and snake racing to walk, grinding through the iron brick; bing sword calligraphy, the gesture is majestic, the posture is full of life, out of indifference, its palms are forgotten; the sword calligraphy, such as the hero drawing the sword, the divine color is moving like the pen of Man Qing, the yan muscles and willow bone gods are all in good shape; the sword calligraphy, its color, its shape, its thickness and light, its broken tossing, the thickness and thinness of the dew, are infinitely variable and the weather is thousands; the sword calligraphy, the ancient ink is lightly polished with a few incense, the new bath of the Yanchi is bright, or the key or the gentle turn, or the beauty of the graceful Na Jiao, Or like a strong and brave warrior, or like a spring breeze blowing flowers, or like the north wind into the pass deep and cold; sword calligraphy, like petals, the aroma spreads far, more and more pure, intoxicating the world.
Mr. Feng Zhiliang, a distinguished professor of Peking University and a scholar of surname culture, once gave a poem by the famous calligrapher Woniu Zhai Master Du Bingjian Teacher Seven Words and Laws: "Linchi has not quit for fifty years, and the ink of the milli-cone is like a disc star; the ashram Yazhai reflects the bright moon, and the Taoist law does not depend on the breeze." There were already three thousand guests under the door, and there were 100,000 soldiers in their chests; they did not ask about the troubles of the world, but only listened to the songs of the world. This poem objectively proves the noble character of the Woniu Zhai Master Du Bing Jian Teacher as his person and the teacher of the teacher, and also embodies the superb skills and perseverance of the Wo Niu Zhai Master Du Bing Jian Teacher in calligraphy and literature, and also reflects the noble quality of the Wo Niu Zhai Master Du Bing Sword Teacher Tao Li who is full of the world and is not disturbed by the world.