Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
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The word "Qian" in ancient poetry (continued)
Shiyou rice vinegar asked: Hello Teacher Zhong! Reading poems often encounters the word "Qian", too many to list, a little bit, please answer questions.
1, the back is standing up to people shy, Yan is broken because of who Qian.
2, the humor can not be written, return to the dream Junjiaqian.
3, envy wants to send books, birds are difficult to Qian.
4, the madman is self-extinct, and the eyebrows are depicted.
5, more Qianyue for candles, distributed flat boats.
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: (Followed up yesterday) The word "Qian" in the third, fourth, and fifth cases is used in the same way, and they all read "宮", which is a verb that asks others (including anthropomorphs) to do things.
For the third example, see Tang Mengjiao's poem "Remembering Zhou Xiucai's Knowledge of Being on one Side": "East and West divide my feelings, and the soul and dreams can be fixed." Wild guest clouds make hearts, and high monks are sexy. Floating clouds are idle, and the bright moon is always empty. The clothes are ancient, and there is no vulgar disease in the mountains. Listen to the Biyun language, and hold the green pine handle in your hand. Envy wants to send books, and the birds are difficult to qian. ”
This poem is a nostalgia for two friends. Zhou's friend surname is a reader who has not been admitted to the jinshi, so he is called "Xiucai". Su Shangren is a monk, the last word in the two words of the Fa number is "Su", and "Shangren" is an honorific title for monks.
"Envy wants to send books, birds are difficult to Qian", the second sentence is to say: envy you two, want to send letters to you two, but the birds are gone, it is difficult to ask them to pass it on!
For the fourth example, see Song Ji Yougong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry, vol. 57, "Duan Chengshi": "At the night feast of the Guangfeng Pavilion, prostitutes have drunk beaters. Wen Feiqing: If this is the case, you can 'boil the face' against the 'hu hu'. Chengshi nai said: 'The clouds fall, and the chancre moon marks disappear.' He also said, "Throw the fairy and raise the butterfly." There is a slight anger in the shyness, and there is a lingering delicacy in the cheek. When I woke up, I still shook my wrists, and when I returned, I bent my waist even more. The madman is self-deprecating, and the eyebrows are drawn. ’”
Wen Tingjun (Zi Feiqing) and Duan Chengshi were late Tang Dynasty people. The age of Ji Yougong's life is the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, a little farther away from the late Tang Dynasty, so its chronicle should have earlier literature sources. But because he did not confess, and other documents that record this matter are after his "Chronicle of Tang Poems", the earliest account of this matter that we can see today is it.
The poem written by Duan Chengshi is a boring thing - two singers and prostitutes are drunk and do not know what to do to fight (the probability of "group beating" is small, so I judge that it is two people beating each other), but it is written in both funny and literary style. Poets may not all understand it, so let's explain it.
This is a five-word poem, but unfortunately, the "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" is not completely recorded, but the main content is specific, and there should not be many omitted words.
"Rolling hu clouds falling": ਉ, that is, pulling. Beard, the flesh of the skin on the chin of the chin. Clouds, metaphorically referring to a woman's hair. This sentence means that grabbing the neck of the other party and pulling the other person's hair bun makes the other party's cape spread.
"Mole face moon mark elimination": boils, bruises on the skin caused by beatings. Nouns, used as verbs. Moon, ancient women's facial makeup, often painted on the forehead between the eyebrows or cut with gold leaf on a crescent moon. This sentence means that the face of the other party is bruised, and the makeup that is very beautiful is also destroyed.
"Throwing Fairy Rise": 凫, Wild Duck. Xian Kai, legend has it that King Qiao of the Han Dynasty had a magic spell that could transform the shoes he was wearing into a pair of wild ducks and fly in the air against him. See Han Ying Shao's Customs and Customs, Vol. 3, Ye Ling Ancestral Hall. This is to say, take off the shoes you are wearing, throw them out and hit the other person.
"Fluttering butterflies": plucking, that is, pulling. This sentence is to say that the other party's clothes were torn apart, and the pieces flew like butterflies.
"Shame with a little anger": in shame, slightly irritated.
"With Yu Jiao in the cheek": frowning eyebrows, and a little feminine.
"When you wake up, you still hold your wrist": Hold your wrist, roll up your sleeves, and expose your wrists. It is a fight to start. This sentence means that after waking up drunk, he is not willing to give up.
"When you return, you will bend your waist more": When you disperse, your waist has flashed and you can't straighten up.
"The Madman Is Self-Contained": The Madman, the Debauched Man. Tassels, ribbons tied to the neck. Ancient men fixed their hair in a bun with a crown, with a tassel, hanging from the sides of the head, and tied a knot in the neck to prevent the crown from falling off. Absolutely, i.e., broken. In the seventh volume of Han Bao's "Han Shi Wai Biography", during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the court banquet of King Chu Zhuang, someone took advantage of the lamp and candle to extinguish the queen's clothes, and the queen ripped off the crown. The queen asked king Zhuang to light the lamp and find out the man who was light to her. However, King Zhuang ordered all his subjects to tear off the crown and preserve the man's dignity. Later, Wu Guoxing's division attacked the State of Chu, and some generals fought particularly the battlefield. King Zhuang asked him why he was like this, and he replied that he was the one who had been torn off by the queen.
"Eyebrows who paint": In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a Jing Zhaoyin (the highest official in the capital Chang'an) Zhang Chang who loved his wife very much and personally drew eyebrows for her. In Chang'an City, there are rumors that Zhang Jingzhao's eyebrows painted for his wife are particularly feminine. See Book of Han, vol. 76, Zhang Chang's Biography.
The second sentence of "The madman is self-deprecating, and the eyebrows are depicted" is to say that these two girls who fight are so fierce, who dares to show love to them and get along with them? No, see them go back and put on their makeup again, who will draw their eyebrows for them?
In the fifth case, see Yuan Hu's "Water Tune Song Head, Appreciation of White Lotus Drinking" Words: "Enchanted and tired of red and purple, come to appreciate the autumn of Yuhu Lake." Pavilion water splash condensation, Wan Hu cold incense floating. At first, the west wind is quiet and gentle, and it is like the West Of the Five Lakes, which is relatively more windy. Cuirun Baochao is slippery, and the jade scratches its head. 〇泛云腴, Singing White Snow, Roll Qiong Ou. The flowers were poured out in front of the statue, and a drunken wash was idle. The autumn light can be few, the song taiping scenery, the best place to stay late. More Qianyue for candles, emitting flat boats. ”
The two sentences of "more Qianyue for candles, emitting flat boats", and the three sentences of "How many autumn lights can be counted, singing Taiping scenery, and good places are late" are combined to explain, is it to say: Pull up your fingers to count, how many autumns are there in this life? Riding on the peace of the world, when this beautiful day is beautiful, it is good to sing and linger. And please use the moon as a candle to illuminate us; let's take off our official hats, put on our hair, and swim on the lake as much as we want!
The last sentence is an interception of Li Bai's poem "Xuanzhou Xie Shuo Lou Bei Bei School Shu Yun": "Life is not satisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty distributes flat boats." ”
Editor's Note:
Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.
Professor Zhong said, readers pay attention to reading is support, peach to repay Li, not to think of the newspaper, always think good also!
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