Communication barriers
What is a communication barrier?
The so-called communication barrier refers to the phenomenon of communication distortion due to interference or misunderstanding of the intention of the information in the process of transmission and conversation. In the process of people communicating information, they are often affected and interfered with by various factors, which hinder communication.
What are the main manifestations of communication barriers?
Oral communication disorders:
Not good at understanding;
Parrot repeating what others say;
I don't know how to express it with words or to say too much nonsense.
Non-verbal communication disorders:
Not good at using and understanding gestures and facial expressions;
Poor use and comprehension of body language;
Lack of interconnected attention.
What is the social communication of normal people?
What are the normal children's pre-verbal communication skills?
Communication motivation;
Eye contact/gaze tracing;
Focus/Connected Attention;
Imitation ability - sound/movement;
Take turns;
Game skills;
Emotional regulation.
Introduction to Speech Disorders and Speech Therapy in Children
Scope of language development disorders in children
Including due to various reasons, such as hearing impairment, developmental disability, intellectual disability, brain damage (such as brain trauma, infection, cerebral palsy, ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, etc.), abnormal structure of the organ of speech (such as cleft lip and palate) and other factors caused by the development of children's language ability is limited, resulting in language disorders such as language development delay, poor speech clarity (slurred speech), language comprehension and expression ability impairment, language fluency defects (stuttering) and other language disorders.
Manifestations of language disorders in children
1 year old can't say a word;
2 years old can't speak two-word words;
3-year-olds can't say simple sentences;
4 years old also has a slurred speech, inaccurate pronunciation;
5 years old can not tell a complete story;
Between the ages of 2 and 5, there is a significant regression in language ability;
Stuttering for more than 3 months, with an aggravating trend;
Language dysfunction with developmental delay, intellectual disability, hearing loss, and brain damage, cleft lip and palate.
Speech Therapy Services
(1) Clinical diagnosis
By asking for medical history, observing children's clinical manifestations, and applying various advanced detection techniques, clinical diagnosis is made on children's language development and communication skills, as well as related physiological and pathological conditions.
(2) Language and communication ability assessment
Through parent interviews, questionnaires, clinical observations and the application of a variety of standardized assessment tools, children's language development status is understood, including pre-language skills, language comprehension and expression skills, social and communication skills, vocal organ and oral muscle function, and pronunciation clarity.
(3) Speech therapy and communication skills training
1. Improve pre-language skills
Pre-language skills are the foundation of children's language skills, including attention, imitation skills, play skills, and willingness to communicate. Children must have these abilities in order for them to develop higher levels of language skills. Speech therapists design a variety of fun activities to learn and develop the presynutical skills described above.
2. Promote language comprehension and language expression ability
According to the child's personal abilities, the appropriate stage of language development, and the needs of the child's surrounding environment. Promote language comprehension and expression through different training methods (e.g., listening training enhancement).
3. Improve children's social communication skills
Through group training or simulated life scenarios, children are stimulated and encouraged to use language skills and carry out different social communication activities, such as greeting and discussing the rules of the game, etc., to enhance children's social communication skills.
4. Improve pronunciation clarity
Abnormal structure of children's vocal organs (such as cleft lip and palate), weak or uncoordinated control of the lips and tongue and jaw muscles, hearing impairment, and complex language environment may lead to inaccurate pronunciation in children. Speech therapists guide children to use correct pronunciation techniques to improve their clarity through pronunciation training and oral muscle coordination.
5. Improve the fluency of speech
Children may stutter due to physiological factors, inadequate language skills, psychological disorders, genetics, or poor linguistic environmental influences. Speech therapists will determine the cause of stuttering and improve the child's fluency in speech.
6. Improve children's noise problems
In addition to physiological factors, inappropriate vocal methods, excessive and urgent speech, and excessive tension in the larynx can lead to hoarseness, loss of voice or abnormal pitch. In addition to teaching children to use the correct breathing style, speed and sound quality when speaking, speech therapists will also teach children how to make sounds correctly to prevent children's noise problems from worsening.
7. Improve eating and swallowing ability
Children's growth retardation, brain function impairment, oral paresthesias, and oral muscle control dysfunction can all cause eating and swallowing problems in children, which in turn affects children's nutrient absorption and causes malnutrition in children. Speech therapists improve children's ability to eat and swallow through oral muscle training, oral sensory integration training, adjusting the viscosity of food, and adjusting when the child eats.
Dysphagia
What are the manifestations of dysphagia?
Cough when swallowed or after swallowing;
Choking due to diet or drinking is the main complaint - often the result of poor synchronization;
Patients may describe the sensation of food sticking to their throat;
Patients may have painful symptoms when swallowing;
Patients may describe the sensation of having a lump inside their throat;
Unexplained pneumonia may also indicate dysphagia.
What are the complications of dysphagia?
Aspiration pneumonia;
Dehydration;
malnutrition;
death.
Feeding instructions for dysphagia
Soft foods with a uniform texture are better than liquid foods;
Liquid food mass should be small;
Prolonged eating time;
Do not mix food of different textures, such as liquid liga noodle blocks.
Generally required when eating
Quiet environment;
Reduce distractions;
If the child has food in his mouth, do not let him talk;
Encourage your child to focus on swallowing;
Good positioning Positioned appropnately;
Monitoring of the food and material land;
Each bite should be small;
Keep standing upright for at least 30 minutes after eating.
Is it true that "the child does not speak or has a slurred speech and needs to cut the tongue"?
People think of the so-called "tongue tendon", anatomically called "tongue ties" refers to a soft tissue ties under the tongue, in general, the tongue ties have little impact on language, will not cause children to "not speak".
Even if the tongue tie is too short, it will only affect part of the child's pronunciation, mainly the tongue-twisting sound (the tip of the tongue needs to be raised when pronouncing), such as consonants such as "d, t, n, l", etc., and will never cause "not speaking" or "what words cannot be clear", and will not cause stuttering. If the tongue tie is confirmed to be too short, it can be corrected with a simple tongue tie correction. If the child's pronunciation can be restored quickly, there is no need to deal with it, and if the child has developed a bad pronunciation habit, then the child's language ability training is still required.