On the north extension of Beijing's central axis, a cluster of new cultural landmarks has met with everyone. The China Arts and Crafts Museum and The China Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, which took nearly three years to build, not only added a cultural hall with a national character to the central axis, but also filled the gap of the national museum of arts and crafts and intangible cultural heritage in the mainland.
In the exhibition hall, 1298 pieces (sets) of arts and crafts and intangible cultural heritage treasures are exhibited, 80% of which are exhibited to the public for the first time, and most of the exhibits are treasures accumulated by the China Academy of Arts in the past 70 years.
Seven strings of quiet heaven and earth, one wood na ancient and modern
In the long river of Chinese civilization, the guqin has always occupied an important position, and together with Chinese painting, painting, poetry and literature, it has become the bearer of traditional Chinese culture. The guqin is one of the most representative Chinese solo instruments. People often play the guqin not only to play music, but also to entertain themselves, meditate, cultivate personally, and communicate emotionally with close friends.
From early literary works and archaeological discoveries, it can be known that the guqin has a history of more than 3,000 years in China. The physical objects excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Hubei are more than 2400 years old, and there have been fine guqin products passed down throughout the tang and Song dynasties.
Traditional culture believes that there are five stars in the sky and five elements on the earth, so the sounds of the world have five tones. Legend has it that Emperor Yan found music at the foot of The Fengyangtou Mountain in Qinyuan. The "Qin Cao" records that "Fu Xi zuoqin", and there are legends such as Shennong zuoqin, Huangdi zuoqin, Tang Yao making qin, etc.; legend has it that Shunding qin is five strings, King Wen of Zhou increases one string, and King Wu adds one string to seven strings.
In the Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, visitors will be attracted by the sound of the piano from time to time, which is called "the sound of the ancients, the sound of heaven and earth", and play "the call of history, the spirit of heaven and earth and the whispers of countless lives". On display here is a guqin treasure from the "legend": the late Tang Dynasty "Dead Wood Dragon Yin" qin, the Song Dynasty "Ming Feng" qin, the Yuan Dynasty "CangHai Dragon" qin... These guqins can still play famous songs such as "Alpine Flowing Water" and "Guangling San".
When it comes to the guqin, it is naturally inseparable from Zhiyin, and people can't help but think of the stories of Yu Boya and Zhong Zi period. Bo Ya was a famous violinist at that time, and the earliest "Xunzi Persuasion Chapter" said that "Bo Ya drums the piano, and the six horses are on the back", which means that the Boya piano is so skilled that the horse is attracted by the sound of the piano, looks up to listen to the piano, and forgets to eat grass.
Such superb piano skills, although it is related to talent, is actually inseparable from the diligent study and hard work of the day after tomorrow. In the "Qin Cao", it is recorded that Bo Ya followed Cheng Lian to learn the guqin. He mastered various playing techniques, but the teacher always felt that when he played, although he could play the notes skillfully, it was a little less charming and could not resonate with the listener.
So Cheng Lian took him to Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea: "You stay here to practice the piano, and I will go to find the master." After saying that, Cheng Lian drove the boat away.
As the days passed, the teacher did not see him back, and Bo Ya could only play the piano to get by. Facing the vast sea, the lush mountains and forests, listening to the surging waves, the chirping sound of the birds, all the sounds poured into Bo Ya's heart, and he poured this passion into the strings and made "Mountain Flowing Water" in one go. Since then, he has become a master of the world.
In fact, there is also a famous guqin master - Confucius. In the "Records of History", Confucius learned the piano from Shi Xiangzi, and after ten days of learning, he still did not learn new songs, and Shi Xiangzi said: "You can learn new content." Confucius said, "I am already familiar with the form of music, but I have not yet mastered the method." After a while, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have mastered the method and can learn new content." Confucius said, "I have not yet grasped the mood." After a while, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have already understood the mood. Confucius said, "I don't know the author yet." After a while, I saw that Confucius seemed to have entered a new realm: sometimes solemn, thoughtful, sometimes pleasant and high-minded, and far-reaching. At this time, Confucius said to the teacher, "I know who created this piece of music, and it is King Wen of Zhou who can make the world admire." After Hearing this, Shi Xiangzi stood up and prayed, "This piece of music was indeed composed by King Wen of Zhou." ”
A zhenxiong is known all over the world
There is a major exhibition area in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum - "Silk Road Danqing - Murals Along the Silk Road", in the selection of exhibits, selected Guizi, Yanqi, Gaochang, Milan, Khotan, Dunhuang and other 23 mural relics of the copy of 70 pieces.
This is a comprehensive display with the highest specifications, the largest scale and time span in terms of clay mural copying, spanning the time from the 4th century to the 14th century, spanning more than 1600 kilometers of geographical space, leading the audience to experience the "Silk Road Danqing" immersively.
Among them, there is a copy of the Tang Dynasty's "Zhang Yichao Travel Map", the original work is a mural created in the Tang Dynasty, located in Cave 156 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. In the picture, the military Wei Hehe, the honor guard is neat, Zhang Yichao is in the center, and the band and maiko add to the atmosphere of the scene. This painting shows the majestic momentum of Zhang Yichao's army traveling and recovering Hexi, and from the travel team, we can see the etiquette and guard system of the Tang Dynasty army and the characteristics of the military brigade in the multi-ethnic Hexi region. It not only has a very high artistic value, but also has a very high historical value.
Behind this painting is a story that still makes people excited today.
Born in Shazhou (Dunhuang) in the Hexi Corridor in 799 AD, Zhang Yichao was fascinated by the Tang Dynasty since childhood, had few great ambitions, and had great respect for the famous Tang Dynasty general Feng Changqing.
Since the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty's border defenses have been weak, the Hexi prefectures have fallen one after another, and the people have thought about returning to the Tang Dynasty day and night.
Zhang Yichao felt the withering scene of the people's unhappiness, and in Shazhou, he "talked about the soldiers and talked about swords, learned martial arts", and "vowed to return to China with no doubt", and he began to accumulate strength and strive for support from many aspects.
In 848, seeing that the time was ripe, Zhang Yichao led a rebellion in Shazhou, and after a hard battle, expelled the enemy army. After the restoration of Shazhou, Zhang Yichao immediately sent emissaries to Chang'an to make a victory. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang greatly praised Zhang Yichao and others for their loyalty and meritorious service, and promoted him to the position of defense envoy of Shazhou.
At the same time, Zhang Yichao used Shazhou as his base and successively recovered the prefectures of Gua (in present-day southeastern Anxi, Gansu), Yi (in present-day Hami, Xinjiang), Xi (in present-day southeastern Turfan, Xinjiang), Gan (in present-day Zhangye, Gansu), Su (in present-day Jiuquan, Gansu), Lan (in present-day Lanzhou, Gansu), Yan (in present-day Ledu, Qinghai), He (in present-day Hezheng, Gansu), Min (in present-day Min County, Gansu), and Kho (in present-day Guidedong, Qinghai).
By 861, all the rivers and huangshuang that had been lost for a hundred years had been restored to the Tang Dynasty. After that, "the west is as far as Yiwu, the east is bordered by Lingwu; more than 4,000 miles of land, the home of a million households; the mountains and rivers of the six counties, like a return."
Since then, the Hexi Corridor has been re-connected unimpeded, which has played a positive role in promoting the connection between the northwest and the Central Plains and the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The local people praised Zhang Yichao: "Hexi has been reduced for more than a hundred years, and the road is blocked by Xiaoguan Yanxin. General Lai De opened the way home, and a famous name was known to the world. ”
China's four major jadeite national treasures
In the exhibition hall, the jadeite "four national treasures" appeared heavily - jade mountain "Dai Yue Wonders", jade flower lavender "Fragrant Jurui", jadeite tiliang flower basket "Qunfang Range Rover" and jade interstitial screen "Four Seas Tenghuan".
Why these four pieces of arts and crafts are called national treasures, this must be said at least 40 years ago.
In October 1989, the jadeite jade carving, known as the four major jadeite national treasures in China, came out stunningly, which coincided with the 40th anniversary of the founding of New China, and the national treasure jade jade carving masterpiece also became a gift for the 40th anniversary of the founding of New China.
When it comes to this batch of jadeite rough stones used for carving, the origin is even earlier. In 1949, a newspaper in Shanghai suddenly received a letter from a reader revealing that in an underground vault in Shanghai, several large pieces of jadeite rough were stored, one of which was engraved with the words "thirty thousand species". This news attracted the attention of the State Council, and Premier Zhou Enlai immediately ordered that the "thirty-twenty thousand species" be transported by special train back to a warehouse of the Military Affairs Office in Beijing, guarded day and night by a PLA officer. In June 1980, the Beijing Evening News published a message looking for "thirty thousand species", and the director of a beijing jade factory (it was the former PLA officer) came up with relevant information to confirm the identity and whereabouts of "thirty thousand species". The reason why this batch of jadeite rough is called "320,000 kinds", it is said that in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the value reached 320,000 taels of silver.
In November 1982, the State Council held a special meeting to announce that the rough would be handed over to the Beijing Jade Factory for design and carving, and strive to be completed by 1989 as a gift for the 40th anniversary of New China.
The project took 8 years from design to completion, during which more than 60 famous experts, scholars and Chinese arts and crafts masters participated, also known as the "National Treasure Project". Finally, a flower basket, a vessel, a screen, and an emerald mountain are made. In this way, the legendary "320,000 species", after several twists and turns, created another miracle in the history of Chinese jade carving, becoming the four major jade national treasures and becoming the 40th anniversary of the founding of New China. In 1990, these four jade carving works won the State Council Commendation and the "Treasures" Golden Cup Award of the Hundred Flowers Award of Chinese Arts and Crafts, which the awarding order commented: "The preciousness of the raw materials and exquisite creation of the four art treasures are unprecedented in ancient and modern China and abroad, which can be called national treasures and are typical of the innovation of jade carving art." (Mudor)
More content, recommended for you
![Shan Jixiang talked about "ice piers" becoming Internet celebrities: good cultural creation is an effective means of spreading culture[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)