Collection of Gaoping Ancient Jianhua Chapter

Collection of Gaoping Ancient Jianhua Chapter

World Architecture, No. 12, 2014 Chang Silong

I am from the Taihang Mountains, from Gaoping City, Shanxi Province, and I am a grassroots cultural relics worker who served as the curator of the Gaoping Municipal Museum of Culture and Museum. The city's cultural relics, cultural relics protection and museum construction work are involved, and have been explored in various aspects such as cultural relics archaeology, field investigation, cave temples, repair and protection of ancient buildings, museum collection collection, exhibition, and publicity. Let me talk about The cultural relics of Gaoping and my understanding from three aspects.

1 Taihang deep, treasure Gaoping

Gaoping is an ancient and magical yellow land, it is in this yellow land, in the depths of the Taihang Mountains, that many major events have been interpreted, and have made great contributions to the development of the Chinese nation.

Gaoping is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province, the southwest of the Taihang Mountains, on the edge of the Yellow River Valley, the birthplace of Chinese national civilization, with a total area of 946km equivalent to about one-ten-thousandth of the total land area of the mainland, a population of 480,000, and jurisdiction over 16 township offices. Here is the treasure of heaven and earth, the spirit of the people. The Taihang Mountains are majestic and magnificent, and with its unique majesty, it has bred Gaoping, the yellow land of the old legend, and left us with rich, vivid and colorful historical and cultural relics. To sum up, it is simply 8 words, "three characteristics, four firsts". The following is a brief introduction to you.

1.1 Three major features

(1) Yandi culture

As we all know, Yandi is the ancestor of our Chinese nation, and Gaoping is the area with the richest and most vivid cultural relics of Yandi, which cannot be compared with other regions in the country. Gaoping was the place of entrepreneurship, dedication and burial of the first emperor Yan. Yandi Shennong clan founded the country Yiqi, started a sheep's head, poisoned Yanling, and buried in Zhuangli, this major historical fact is credible. Many ancient myths and legends such as Jingwei reclamation, Cangjie character creation, Shennong planting grain, teaching people to harvest grain, tasting medicine and dedication, etc., although several dry years have passed, they have been widely circulated in the folk so far. With Gaoping Yangtou Mountain as the center, and the adjacent LihouLing, Laoding Mountain, Fajiu Mountain, Langgong Mountain, Yandi Ridge, Shiluguo and other vast areas of the ancient Shangdang, shennong city, Shennongjing, Shennongquan, Wuguqi, Qixiangdong, habitat and other ruins related to the Yandi Shennong clan still exist, the inscription stone carvings, stories and legends and other colorful, as well as the sacrifice of the Yandi Emperor's mausoleum, temple, shrine, palace, city and sacrifice Of Yandi festival, etc., forming a huge and rich regional system of Yandi cultural relics, reflecting the farming civilization of primitive society. There are more than 40 ancient buildings in Gaoping related to the sacrifice of Emperor Yandi, of which the Yandi Temple is a national security unit, and there are more than 100 stone inscriptions from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and more than 2 village names and place names related to Emperor Yan. This is an extremely rare remnant of the Yandi culture in the country, rich and vivid, deep and thick.

(2) Changping Battle Culture

The Battle of Changping is the largest and most splendid classic battle that occurred in Gaoping during the ancient Spring and Autumn Warring States period of the mainland, when the Qin state and the Zhao state fought each other. The war had a far-reaching impact on the realization of the reunification of the Chinese nation and the development of the Chinese nation, and was of great significance. The existing site of the Battle of Changping is the best preserved and largest ancient battlefield site in the mainland, and is now a key cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province. The site covers a wide range, from Skull Mountain in the west to Xingcun and Hongjiagou in the east, 10km wide from east to west, from Danzhuling in the north to Mishan Town in the south, 30km long from north to south, and the river valley between the east and west mountains on both sides of the Danhe River is a key protected area. The scenery of the mountains and rivers in the ruins and the natural theory are vividly remembered. Places of interest, cultural landscapes, colorful. More than 50 mountains, rivers, place names, village names, etc. are involved. The Skull King Temple, created during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, is the only ancient building dedicated to the war dead in ancient times on the mainland, and it is very precious. The 1995 Yonglu No. 1 Bone Pit of the Battle of Changping was a major discovery in the 1995 provincial cultural relics and archaeological work in Shanxi Province. The discovery and excavation of the Yonglu bone pit in the Battle of Changping provides important research materials for the study of the Battle of Changping. At the same time, cultural relics related to the Battle of Changping were also found, such as Ge, Halberds, Arrow Clusters, and Coins.

(3) Ancient construction culture

Gaoping is the region with the richest preservation of ancient buildings in the mainland, especially the ancient buildings before the Song and Jin dynasties 800 years ago, which occupies a very important position in the ancient buildings of the mainland. The ancient architecture of the mainland is an important part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and an important part of the world's human cultural heritage. After thousands of years of inheritance and evolution, the ancient buildings of the mainland have gradually formed a unique architectural system. Colorful ancient buildings, or solemn and steady, or majestic and majestic, or handsome and exquisite, or tall and tall, or occupy the scenery of the landscape, or ingenious craftsmanship. Gaoping has preserved a large number of ancient buildings from the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, while temples and houses abound in the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to the data of the Third National Cultural Relics Census in 2007, Gaoping registered more than 1,600 cultural relics, including more than 1,300 ancient buildings. At present, there are 20 state security units, except for one grotto, the remaining 19 are ancient buildings. A 946km?' In a small county-level city, there are 20 state security units. According to my personal current statistical data (without basis), Gaoping currently has 6 Song Dynasty buildings, 11 Jin Dynasty buildings, and 18 Yuan Dynasty buildings. There are about 35 Song Jinyuan. The existing ancient buildings in Gaoping are not (Dan has a large number, but Dan is unique and has its own style.

2.2 Four firsts

(1) Chongming Temple

Chongming Temple is an early building of the Song Dynasty. There are 4 Tang Dynasty buildings and 3 five-generation buildings in Shanxi, followed by Chongming Temple. Chongming Temple has two of the most notable features, one is that its architectural style is still tang style, and the other is the "broken beam" structure. The so-called "broken beam" shape of the ancient building, unique in the mainland, is the only example.

(2) Kaihua Temple

Kaihua Temple has three major characteristics, one is architecture, the second is painting, and the third is murals. Especially the murals, which are exquisite. The existing Murals of the Song Dynasty Temple in Ganhua Temple, totaling 88.2m2, reflect the social and political, cultural, war, scientific and technological, criminal law, officials and other aspects of the Song Dynasty, and their artistic techniques are high and impressive. The number of Song Dynasty temple murals that have survived in the mainland is very small, and Kaihua Temple is the largest and most exquisite Song Dynasty temple mural in the mainland.

(3) Erlang Temple

Erlang Temple now has a stage, founded in the twenty-third year of Jin Dading (1183), 831 years ago, and simple and firm, unique shape, creating an architectural shape system without beams directly supported by fighting chess, which is the earliest existing example of theater stage architecture in mainland China, which is the first in the country, providing important physical materials for the study of mainland drama and having important cultural relics value.

(4) Ji's house

Built in 1294, 720 years ago, ji's house is the oldest surviving residential building on the mainland. The residential house has been preserved through vicissitudes to this day, it is not easy, and the building is stable and simple, concise and strict, the fighting chess is loose, the beams are firm, and the architectural techniques and style are copied from the Song and Jin Dynasties, which is an isolated case of the Yuan Dynasty residence.

The above 4 ancient buildings occupy an extremely important position in the ancient buildings of the mainland, and their significance is far-reaching and thick. In addition, among the existing ancient buildings in Gaoping, such as the Youxian Temple in the second year of Song Chunhua (990-994), the Song Jianzi Sacred Temple, the Yuanjian Dinglin Temple, the Shenggu Temple, the Ancient Chinese Temple and other state security units, are all more distinctive ancient buildings, due to the relationship of time, they will not be introduced one by one.

2 Pay attention to protection, sincere dedication

I am a grassroots cultural relics worker, and I have been engaged in cultural relics work for more than 30 years. I was transferred to the Museum in 1984 when the Gaoping County Museum of Culture and Museum was established. Since then, I have embarked on a difficult path to engage in cultural relics and cultural works. When the Museum of Culture and Museum was first established, it can be said that there was no money for money, and there was no one to ask for people, and I was a layman in the work of cultural relics and cultural relics, and I knew nothing. Therefore, at that time, the cultural relics and cultural works were in a difficult and difficult period. The establishment of the Museum of Culture and Museum also marks the beginning of a new era in Gaoping's cultural relics work. So what to do? I won't just learn it. Just in 1985, in order to strengthen the cultural relics work of the province, the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau held a training course for the curators of the provincial museums in Yongle Palace in Ruicheng County for two months. It was in just two months that comprehensive training was conducted on the protection of cultural relics, the maintenance of ancient buildings, archaeological surveys, museum construction and other aspects. This training course is short-term, and only a little fur, not even fur, can be known about cultural relics. I, a person who has just intervened and just learned a little knowledge of cultural relics, but is responsible for the work of cultural relics in the city, the difficulty of his work can be imagined.

In the 1980s, Gaoping did not have an administrative department specializing in cultural relics work. The Museum of Culture and Museum is responsible for the protection of cultural relics in the city and the construction of museums. At that time, the protection of cultural relics in Gaoping can be said to be little known, or it is the initial stage. In the 1960s, a cultural relics popularization work was carried out, more than 30 cultural relics were registered, and a protection sign was hung in the name of the county government. And because the museum is almost no collection, the museum without collections is an empty museum with a listed name, so it is not called a museum. Therefore, at that time, I took the collection of cultural relics protection and collections as the main work of the museum, and gradually made the protection of cultural relics and the construction of the museum move towards the correct development path.

In 1986, the second census of cultural relics was carried out nationwide, and I organized and led the second census of cultural relics in Gaoping. The Trip was more than 30,000 miles, more than 900 cultural relics were registered in the census, and a Paleolithic cultural site was found, which provided important information for the Yandi culture. A Yuan Dynasty residence was found, namely the Ji family residence. This census of cultural relics enabled me to have a profound understanding of the existing situation of cultural relics in Gaoping, achieved fruitful results, and was rated as an advanced collective of cultural relics in the province. At that time, the cultural relics protection work in Gaoping was in a difficult and difficult period, in order to have a more profound and clear understanding of the cultural relics situation in the city, I often rode my bicycle to the countryside to learn more about and view it point by point. Over the past few years, I have traveled almost all over the landscapes and villages of Gaoping. Many cultural relics units in the city, especially ancient buildings, are seriously damaged, barren grass, unmanaged, and some hall houses are in a state of peril, in disrepair, and have been damaged by nature and man. For example, Chongming Temple, more than 1,000 years of hit buildings, roof collapse, rafters decay, the foundation sinks, there is a possibility of collapse at any time. We will adopt the rescue method of reinforcing the roof to ensure that it does not collapse. Finally, in 1989, the Chongming Temple's Turning Buddha Hall was overhauled, bringing back the millennium building to its glory. According to the planning of the southern project of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, important striking buildings such as Youxian Temple, Erlang Temple, Qingmeng Temple, and Guzhong Temple in Gaoping have been comprehensively repaired and properly protected. Great progress has been made in the protection of cultural relics in Gaoping. However, there are still great problems, many ancient buildings are still in a state of collapse and unmanaged, and some important ancient buildings have not yet been included in the protection unit. The work of protecting cultural relics is still very heavy, and the situation is still very grim. For the protection of cultural relics, we must stand at the height of history and have a correct and clear understanding. We don't just repair a temple. Ancient architecture is an important historical and cultural relic of the mainland and an important witness to the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization. To repair a temple and to preserve a temple is to preserve a piece of history and to preserve a culture. The inheritance of history and the promotion of culture are particularly important to us today.

In the past 30 years, the Gaoping City Museum has developed greatly, from a small county-level museum with no collection of cultural relics, and has now developed into a comprehensive museum with more than a dozen types of fossils, stone tools, bronzes, pottery, porcelain, editions, coins, etc., from tree fossils and fish fossils 200 million years ago, down to the Qing Dynasty pottery, porcelain and inscription stone carvings. At the same time, with the development of archaeology, the increase in excavated cultural relics has also greatly enriched the collection of cultural relics in Gaoping Museum. The museum can now host the Yandi culture, the Battle of Changping, ancient buildings, inscriptions, collections of cultural relics, as well as modern and contemporary revolutionary history and special exhibitions. The weapons, coins, and treasures of the Song Dynasty collected by the Gaoping Museum are all very important cultural relics in the collection, especially the Treasure of Song Kai can be said to be the treasure of the town hall of Gaoping. Gaoping is an area where pottery is quite developed. In the 1980s, the Gaoping Museum collected a large number of burial items from the Ming and Qing dynasties, including pottery figurines, pottery horses, pottery beds, clay pots, pottery warehouses, etc. These excavated cultural relics are very important physical materials for the study of folk customs, life, and funerals in the Ming and Qing dynasties in gaoping area. Gaoping Museum has played an important role in the collection, collection and storage of cultural relics, as well as in the exhibition and publicity of museums, as well as in the protection, management and maintenance of immovable cultural relics.

Cultural relics are the testimony of history and the carrier of culture. Gaoping has a rich and vivid Yandi cultural relics, with the Battle of Changping culture, ancient architectural culture, folk culture thick and colorful, but also has a rich collection of cultural relics, it can be said that Gaoping is the epitome of China's five-thousand-year civilization history, this is Gaoping's memory, Gaoping's impression.

3 Grasp the times, innovate and develop

The development of the times has entrusted us with a new historical mission. Today's era is the era of informatization and the era of digitalization, so the protection of cultural relics should adapt to the requirements and development of the times and improve to a new level. The protection of cultural relics cannot stop at the level of light repairing a temple, but must realize digital management and use. Recently, I learned that the conservation and use of the Dunhuang Grottoes has been completed. So many cultural relics in Gaoping, how to protect, how to use, how to inherit and develop, is a major issue that deserves our attention and attention today.

3.1 Issues of Protection and Use

The protection of cultural relics is an important issue for cultural relics workers, such as some sites, ancient buildings, etc., which are real relics. I remember that when I first became the curator in the 1980s, what I saw was that the number of ancient buildings in Gaoping was large, the value was high, the damage was serious, and the funds were very scarce. It is really difficult to solve. At that time, it was mainly rescue, as long as you try to keep it from collapsing, such as management, fire prevention, environmental governance, etc. can not be talked about, so you can only do some simple rescue work of reinforcement. At present, some state security units such as Erlang Temple, Guzhong Temple, Youxian Temple, Qingmeng Temple, etc. have been comprehensively repaired, and Dan has also carried out environmental governance. However, there are still many cultural relics units that are still in a state of poor protection, which is caused by many reasons. Although these repaired ancient buildings have been repaired, they can only be quietly placed there, how to use them, how to use them, there is no measure. In the past, these temples were places for religious activities, but now they do not engage in religious activities, they are very deserted, and they must be protected and managed by special personnel, and some corresponding fire prevention facilities must also be configured. These important temples are also difficult to travel in terms of the current situation. The road is also open, the temple is also repaired, that is, tourism cannot be carried out, so many cultural relics protection units, and Dan is also an important scenic spot, how to use, is a big issue that we should all discuss and study.

3.2 Issues of inheritance and innovation

Historical and cultural heritage, illustrating the achievements and glory of the past, for us today is not only a matter of protection, but also a problem of inheritance and innovative development. The evolution of ancient buildings in the mainland has developed for several dry years, forming an independent system, and with the development of the times, the use of new building materials, changes in production and life, the ancient architecture of the mainland has gradually faded out of people's vision. New technical information should also be adopted for the protection of these cultural heritages. Whether each ancient building is based on the development and requirements of the times to establish a corresponding database, in the form of three-dimensional imaging to make these precious ancient buildings permanent and long-term preservation. For example, the murals of Gaoping Ganhua Temple can be collected using digital technology to establish a permanent database. With the development of the times, the murals of Kaihua Temple will also be damaged to varying degrees, such as digital collection and the establishment of a suitable database, which will play a very good role in the protection, scientific research and use of Kaihua Temple murals. Gaoping has preserved many excellent murals from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and now there are still no protective measures, and it is possible to establish the necessary database to try it, which can also be said to be a better method. For these excellent cultural heritages, one must be well protected, the second must be passed on, and the third must be innovative development. In the Shangdang region, such as Zezhou and Changzi, including Gaoping, there are rich ancient buildings, and there are exquisite statues and murals preserved in these ancient buildings, forming a complete chain of ancient cultural products. How to link these products to form an industry and play its due role. I think we can break the regional box, become a regional big culture, make the products into industries, so as to go out, to the whole country, to the world, to combine protection and use well, and form today's cultural advantages.